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Psychiatry > 3rd_Psychiatry_Exam_Batch_2024 > Flashcards

3rd_Psychiatry_Exam_Batch_2024 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. whenever matthew drinks a cup of coffee he remembers the happy breakfast that he and his parents share together, which part of his brain allows him to experience this sense of pleasure?
    a. Hypothalamus
    b. temporal lobe
    c. Prefrontal cortex d. Hippocampus
A

d. Hippocampus

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2
Q
  1. Olivia is an adolescent girl who has been taking methylphenidate in order to address her problem of poor concentration and hyperactivity. how does this drug help improve olivia’s symptoms?
    a. stimulates dopamine presynaptic receptors
    b. it blocks dopamine presynaptic receptors c. it blocks dopamine reuptake pumps
    d. it stimulates dopamine postsynaptic receptors
A

c. it blocks dopamine reuptake pumps

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3
Q
  1. Which brain part is believed to be responsible for the experience of pleasure?
    a. Amygdala b. Ventral pallidum
    c. Nucleus accumbens
    d. orbitofrontal cortex
A

b. Ventral pallidum

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4
Q
  1. which of the following substances directly stimulates the nucleus accumbens in order to increase dopamine levels?
    a. Opiates b. Amphetamine
    c. Alcohol
    d. Phencyclidine
A

b. Amphetamine

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5
Q
  1. Microdialysis allows a. continuous sampling of extracellular fluid
    b. the development condition behaviours
    c. pharmacologic stimulation at precise location
    d. biopsy of cellular tissue
A

a. continuous sampling of extracellular fluid

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6
Q
  1. pleasurable feelings include all the following except
    a. mu receptor stimulation b. dopamine receptor antagonism
    c. increase dopamine at the nucleus accumbens
    d. increase activity of the ventral tegmental area
A

b. dopamine receptor antagonism

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7
Q
  1. The alpha monkey has a. Increased dopamine receptors
    b. increased frontal lobe metabolism
    c. increased glutamatergic activation of the nucleus accumbens
    d. greater propensity to self administer stimulants
A

a. Increased dopamine receptors

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8
Q
  1. all of the following result in increased spine formation in rats except
    a. Cocaine
    b. Methylphenidate c. Heroine
    d. d-amphetamine
A

c. Heroine

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9
Q
  1. people who go on diet programs will slowly returned to their pre-existing weight within one year because of the principle of metabolic
    a. Function b. set point
    c. Variation
    d. Set back
A

b. set point

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following factors is believed to be the major contributing factor to body weight
    a. Emotional state b. Genetic make up
    c. Cultural standards
    d. Environmental conditions
A

b. Genetic make up

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11
Q
  1. Total energy expenditure is made up of
    a. resting metabolic rate and basal metabolic rate b. physical activity and resting metabolic rate
    c. Emotional, mental, and physical stress
    d. Basal metabolic rate and mental activity
A

b. physical activity and resting metabolic rate

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following is the primary mediator for satiety? a. Glucose
    b. amino acid
    c. Proteins
    d. Fats
A

a. Glucose

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13
Q
  1. which of the following transmits signal about gastric distension to the brain
    a. Olfactory nerve b. Vagus nerve
    c. Amygdala
    d. Hypothalamus
A

b. Vagus nerve

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14
Q
  1. which of the following mechanisms explains how cholecystokinin is able to inhibit further food intake?
    a. it inhibits the vagus nerve and gastric emptying
    b. it inhibits the vagus nerve and enhances gastric emptying c. it stimulates the vagus nerve and inhibits the gastric emptying
    d. it stimulates the vagus nerve and enhances gastric emptying
A

c. it stimulates the vagus nerve and inhibits the gastric emptying

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15
Q
  1. Anna is obese and has been trying to go on a diet for years but she is unable to stop herself from overeating. which of the following substances may be the reason for anna’s problem?
    a. peptide tyrosine
    b. Glucagonlike peptide-1 c. Ghrelin
    d. Cholecystokinin
A

c. Ghrelin

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16
Q
  1. greg enjoys eating and continues to eat even if he already feels full.This resulted to his obese state. which of the following mechanisms may explain greg’s problem?
    a. increased leptin and increased leptin receptor b. lack of leptin and decreased leptin receptor
    c. lack of leptin and increased leptin receptors
    d. increased leptin and decreased leptin receptors
A

b. lack of leptin and decreased leptin receptor

17
Q
  1. The largest concentration of leptin receptors is found in the
    a. nucleus accumbens
    b. Paraventricular nucleus c. arcuate nucleus
    d. caudate nucleus
A

c. arcuate nucleus

18
Q
  1. which of the following substances inhibits food intake? a. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
    b. Ghrelin
    c. Neuropeptide Y
    d. Agouti-related peptide
A

a. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone

19
Q
  1. what is the relationship between neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin neurons in times of starvation?
    a. Proopiomelanocortin neurons stimulates neuropeptide Y
    b. Neuropeptide Y steam stimulate Proopiomelanocortin neurons
    c. Proopiomelanocortin neurons inhibit neuropeptide Y d. Neuropeptide Y inhibits Proopiomelanocortin neurons
A

d. Neuropeptide Y inhibits Proopiomelanocortin neurons

20
Q
  1. romy is constantly losing weight constantly losing weight and his current weight is lower than his normal baseline weight. all of the following events are happening in romy except for: a. Leptin activates Proopiomelanocortin neurons
    b. Insulin inhibits Proopiomelanocortin neurons
    c. Leptin activates neuropeptide Y
    d. insulin activates neuropeptide Y
A

a. Leptin activates Proopiomelanocortin neurons

21
Q

70.. Lalas body weight has gene over her normal baseline weight. which of the following events should take place in order for her weight to normalize?
a. increased energy expenditure & food intake
b. decreased energy expenditure & food intake
c. decreased energy expenditure & increase food intake d. Increased energy expenditure & decreased food intake

A

d. Increased energy expenditure & decreased food intake

22
Q
  1. Nelson is having a hard time adjusting to his break up with his girlfriend and resorts to binge eating to relieve himself of his anxiety. all of the following events may taking place in him except for
    a. Corticotropin releasing hormone stimulates dopamine neurons at the nucleus accumbens
    b. glucocorticoids increased fat deposits c. Glucocorticoid decreased fat deposit
    d. cortisol stimulates dopamine neurons at the nucleus accumbens
A

c. Glucocorticoid decreased fat deposit

23
Q
  1. which of the following regions communicates with the cerebral cortex to modulate food seeking behavior?
    a. basal ganglia
    b. Paraventricular nucleus c. lateral hypothalamus
    d. Nucleus accumbens
A

c. lateral hypothalamus

24
Q
  1. gerard notices that every time he uses Marijuana his appetite for food increases. what can explain this phenomenon?
    a. endocannabinoids increased the activity of leptin
    b. endocannabinoids decreased the activity of ghrelin c. Endocannabinoids increase dopamine released at the nucleus accumbens
    d. endocannabinoids decrease dopamine released at the nucleus accumbens
A

c. Endocannabinoids increase dopamine released at the nucleus accumbens

25
Q
  1. the inability of the set point theories two account for the basic phenomena of hunger and eating has led to the development of?
    a. dual center theories
    b. feedback theories
    c. homeostatic theories d. positive incentive theories
A

d. positive incentive theories

26
Q
  1. gluconeogenesis is stimulated by
    a. High levels of glycogen
    b. high insulin levels c. Low levels of glucagon
    d. Low insulin levels
A

c. Low levels of glucagon

27
Q
  1. Glucose levels do not increase greatly following a meal in part because
    a. Insulin promotes the conversion of glucose to ketones b. insulin promotes the use of glucose by the body
    c. glucagon promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen
    d. Glucagon promotes lipogenesis
A

b. insulin promotes the use of glucose by the body

28
Q
  1. mike has not been eating since he broke up with his girlfriend a week ago. most of mike’s energy in this state is derived from
    a. amino acid b. Glycogen
    c. Free fatty acids
    d. Glucose
A

b. Glycogen

29
Q
  1. pain does not exist in our body but is created in our brain and projected onto our body a. True
    b. False
A

a. True

30
Q
  1. Pain is an output from our body and an input to our brain
    a. True b. False
A

b. False

31
Q
  1. 1 in 2 people from chronic pain
    a. True
    b. False
A

???

32
Q
  1. Match the item with appropriate type of person
    Choices: Resilient person, Victim, Catastrophizer
    Blames others for his/her pain:
    believes that others should fix his/her pain from him/her:
    takes ownership of the future:
    preoccupied with the past:
    takes ownership with his/her future:
    does things in the present in order to make his/her future better:
    does not feel accountable for his/her pain:
    paralyzed with worry about doing anything about their pain:
    obsessed with the future:
A

???

33
Q
  1. the neurotransmitter that is believed to respond to novelty is
    a. Endorphin
    b. Serotonin
    c. Oxytocin
    d. Dopamine
A

d. Dopamine

34
Q
  1. Match the item with the type of behaviour that is associated with it
    Choices: Appetitive behaviour, Consummatory behaviour
    Deals with existing resources in the present:
    concerned with what is out there in the future:
    concerned about the here and now:
    aims four resources in the future:
A

???

35
Q
  1. Match the item with the appropriate neurochemicals
    Choices: Endorphin, Oxytocin, Serotonin, Endocannabinoid
    Pleasure:
    Mood:
    Satisfaction:
    Anxiety:
    Happiness:
    Delight:
    Bonding:
A

???

36
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about the reward prediction error is true?
    a. Dopamine levels rise when the actual reward is less than the expected reward b. dopamine levels rise when the actual reward is greater than the expected reward. (?)
    c. dopamine levels decrease when the actual reward is less than the expected reward
    d. dopamine levels decrease when the actual reward is greater than the expected reward
A

b. dopamine levels rise when the actual reward is greater than the expected reward. (?)

Psychiatry (12 decks)

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