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PTMP 2 > LC8 > Flashcards

LC8 Flashcards

1
Q

requirements of special procedures

A
  • Special preparation
  • Equipment
  • Handling
  • Timing
  • Additional collection
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2
Q

where blood is collected and stored before it is used for transfusions

A

blood bank

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3
Q

Examples of compatibility testing

A

blood typing, screening for unexpected cell antibodies

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4
Q

tubes used for blood banking

A

pink or lavender EDTA tubes

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5
Q

T/F Blood bank specimens require strict patient identification and specimen labelling procedures.

A

True

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6
Q

Requirements in labeling a blood bank specimen

A
  1. Patient’s full name
  2. Hospital identification number
  3. Date of birth of the patient
  4. Date and time of collection
  5. Phlebotomist’s initials
  6. Room number and bed number
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7
Q

Special identification system used in blood banking

A

ID bracelet with barcoded ID number

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8
Q

Blood product validation (4)

A
  1. Clinician’s identity
  2. Patient’s identification
  3. Product’s unique bar-coded donor identifier
  4. Blood product’s bar code
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9
Q

Commonly performed tests in blood typing and screening

A

ABO and Rh typing

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10
Q

screening for infections and unexpected RBC antibodies

A

Blood typing and screening

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11
Q

compatibility testing and selection of safe blood for transfusion

A

Cross-matching

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12
Q

testing of donor cells with patient/recipient’s serum to detect antibodies in the patient

A

Major cross-match

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13
Q

testing of donor’s serum with patient/recipient’s RBCs to detect antibodies in donor serum

A

Minor cross-match

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14
Q

T/F Cross-matching checks for agglutination and lysis between the donor and the recipient.

A

True

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15
Q

collecting of blood to be used for blood transfusion procedures rather than for diagnostic procedures

A

Blood Donor Collection

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16
Q

amount of blood collected from volunteers

A

units

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17
Q

T/F All potential blood donors must be interviewed to determine the eligibility.

A

True

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18
Q

Factors considered for donor eligibility

A
  1. General appearance
  2. Age
  3. Temperature
  4. Weight
  5. Normal blood pressure
  6. Normal pulse rate
  7. Acceptable hemoglobin levels
  8. Absence of skin lesions
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19
Q

monthly rule for blood collection

A

3 Month Rule

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20
Q

Age requirement for blood donors

A

17-66 years old

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21
Q

Temperature requirement for blood donors

A

less than or equal to 37.5C or 99.5F

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22
Q

Weight requirement for blood donors

A

10.5 mL blood

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23
Q

Normal blood pressure requirement for blood donors

A

180mmHg systolic pressure; 100mmHg diastolic pressure

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24
Q

Normal pulse rate requirement for blood donors

A

between 50-100 bpm

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25
Q

Acceptable hemoglobin levels requirement for blood donors

A

greater than or equal to 12.5 g/dL; HCT = 38%

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26
Q

Skin lesions requirement for blood donors

A

skin disorders that do not cause deferral such as ivy and other rashes

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27
Q

anticoagulant and preservative used in collecting units of blood for transfusion purposes

A

CPD or CPDA1

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28
Q

notification to all blood recipients when a donor for a blood product they have received has turned positive for transmissible disease

A

Lookback Program

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29
Q

gauge used for blood banking

A

16 to 18 gauge needle

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30
Q

where should the bag be placed when blood is collected for blood banking

A

lower than the patient’s arm

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31
Q

normal amount of blood collected for blood banking

A

450-500 mL

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32
Q

process by which a person donates blood for his or her own use

A

Autologous Donation

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33
Q

minimum hours between donation and surgery during autologous donation

A

72 hours before the scheduled surgery

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34
Q

occurs when aqueous solutions, plasma, and serum samples or banked erythrocytes often contain lysed RBCs that have released hemoglobin into the solution

A

Cell Salvaging

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35
Q

indication that too many red cells were destroyed during the salvage process and renal dysfunction could occur if blood were reinfused

A

High free hemoglobin level

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36
Q

presence of bacteria in the blood

A

Bacteremia

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37
Q

presence of microorganisms or their toxins in the blood

A

Septicemia

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38
Q

3 purposes of blood culture

A
  1. Presence and extent of infection
  2. Indication of the type of organism responsible
  3. Antibiotic that is susceptible
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39
Q

when should blood culture be collected

A

during 30 minutes to 2 1/2 hours prior to fever peak

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40
Q

why should blood culture be collected prior to fever peak

A

before the body can eliminate some of the microorganisms

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41
Q

2 sets of specimen collected for blood culture

A

Aerobic and Anaerobic

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42
Q

Difference of Aerobic and Anaerobic bottles

A
  1. Aerobic - filled first if winged blood collection is done
  2. Anaerobic - filled first when syringe is used
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43
Q

why is EDTA, heparin, and sodium citrate not used for blood culture collection

A

these anticoagulants inhibits the growth of microorganisms

44
Q

specimen requirements for blood cultures to detect bacteremia and fungemia

A
  1. 2-4 blood cultures
  2. drawn 30 to 60 minutes apart
  3. drawn consecutively and immediately from different sites
  4. ratio of blood to broth = 1:5 - 1:10
45
Q

blood volume collected for blood cultures in adults

A

20-30 mL per culture with a minimum of 10 mL per draw

46
Q

blood volume collected for blood cultures in pediatric patients

A

1% to 4% of patient’s total blood volume

47
Q

Skin antisepsis for blood culture

A
  1. 30-60 seconds friction rub
  2. 10% povidone iodine
  3. cover 3-4 in diameter at the puncture site
48
Q

3 types of media inoculation methods

A
  1. Direct Inoculation - use of butterfly and a designed holder
  2. Syringe Inoculation - use of syringe and a safety transfer device
  3. Intermediate Collection Tube - yellow top SPS tube
49
Q

4 Keypoints when collecting specimens for coagulation tests

A
  1. Draw a discard tube before a blue top
  2. Sodium citrate tubes must be filled correctly for a 9:1 ratio of blood to coagulant
  3. Cooling on ice may be required for some samples
50
Q

tests for the evaluation of hemostasis

A

APTT, PT

51
Q

anticoagulant used for most coagulation tests

A

Trisodium citrate

52
Q

Special procedures for coagulation tests (in relation to time of collection)

A
  1. Tests should be done within 4 hrs of sample collection
  2. Plasma should be frozen within 1 hr of harvesting
53
Q

measurement of blood glucose exactly 2 hours after eating a meal

A

2-Hour Postprandial Glucose Blood

54
Q

Purpose of 2HPPBS

A
  1. screening test for diabetes mellitus
  2. for monitoring of insulin levels
55
Q

Preparation done during 2HPPBS

A
  1. High carbohydrate diet for 2-3 days
  2. Patient should be tested for FBS
  3. Patient should eat a meal
  4. Blood sample drawn 2 hrs after patient finished eating
56
Q

Morse Type

In normal patients, blood glucose levels peak within 30 minutes to 1 hour following glucose ingestion.The peak in glucose levels triggers release of insulin which bring glucose levels back up to fasting levels.

A

T, F

57
Q

Condition when blood glucose is increased than normal glucose

A

Hyperglycemia

58
Q

Condition when blood glucose is decreased than normal glucose

A

Hypoglycemia

59
Q

used to diagnose problems of carbohydrate metabolism

A

Glucose Tolerance test

60
Q

primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels

A

Insulin

61
Q

used to determine if a patient lacks the enzyme necessary to convert lactose, or milk sugar into glucose and galactose

A

Lactose Tolerance Test

62
Q

what happens to the glucose curve when lactose is intolerant

A

Glucose curve is flat, rising no more than a few mg/dL from the fasting level

63
Q

done to determine the probability that a specific individual fathered a particular child

A

Paternity/Parentage Testing

64
Q

samples used for paternity testing

A

blood samples and buccal/cheek swabs

65
Q

requirement for paternity testing

A
  1. chain of custody protocol
  2. specific identification procedures = fingerprinting
  3. mother, child, and father should be tested
66
Q

used in management of patients being treated with certain drugs to establish and maintain drug dosage

A

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

67
Q

T/F Timing of blood sample collection is not critical in TDM

A

False

68
Q

Sample collection for trough levels

A

blood sample should be drawn right before next dose is administered

69
Q

Sample collection for peak levels

A
  1. blood sample collected 1 hr after oral administration
  2. blood sample collected 0.5 ht after completion of IV administration
70
Q

Determinant for drug to be beneficial

A
  1. Peak level must not exceed toxic levels
  2. Trough level must remain within therapeutic range
71
Q

withdrawal of approximately 500 mL of blood

A

Therapeutic Phlebotomy

72
Q

condition when there is an overproduction of RBC count

A

Polycythemia

73
Q

disease of iron metabolism that is characterized by excess deposition of iron in tissues

A

Hemochromatosis

74
Q

examine blood, hair, urine, and other body substances for the presence of toxins

A

Toxicology tests

75
Q

detection of toxins and treatment for the effects they produce

A

Clinical Toxicology

76
Q

concerned with the legal consequences of toxin exposure

A

Forensic Toxicology

77
Q

test collected when individual is involved in a traffic accident

A

Blood Alcohol Concentration

78
Q

antisepsis used to collect blood alcohol specimens

A

Aqueous Povidone-iodine and aqueous benzalkonium chloride (BZK)

79
Q

tube used to collect blood alcohol specimens

A

Gray-top sodium fluoride tube

80
Q

typically performed on urine rather than blood as it is easy to obtain a wide variety of drugs and their metabolites

A

Drug Screening

81
Q

Patient preparation requirements for drug screening

A
  1. Explain test purpose and procedure
  2. Advise patient of their legal rights
  3. Obtain a witnessed, signed consent form
82
Q

Specimen collection requirements for drug screening

A
  1. Special area maintained for urine collection
  2. Proctor is required to be present
  3. Split sample may be required
  4. Specimen should be labeled properly
  5. Specimen should be sealed and placed in a locked container during transport
83
Q

Metals that are detected for trace elements

A

aluminum, arsenic, copper, lead, iron, and zinc

84
Q

tube used to collect trace element samples

A

Royal Blue Top

85
Q

Alternative names for Point-of-care Testing

A
  1. alternate site testing
  2. ancillary
  3. bedside
  4. near-patient testing
  5. patient-focused testing
86
Q

utilized small, portable and handheld testing devices

A

Point of Care Testing

87
Q

POCT used for coagulation monitoring

A
  1. PT and INR
  2. PTT/APTT
  3. ACT
  4. Platelet Function
  5. Bleeding Time
88
Q

used to monitor warfarin therapy and the activity of coagulation factors involved in the extrinsic coagulation pathway

A

Prothrombin Time (PT)

89
Q

used to monitor unfractionated heparin therapy and clot-based screening test for intrinsic regulation

A

Activated Partial Thrombin Time (APTT) or Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

90
Q

whole blood clotting time test used in cardiac surgical suites

A

Activated Clotting Time (ACT)

91
Q

allows clinician to determine a patient’s response to medication before open heart surgery

A

Platelet function testing

92
Q

time interval required fir blood to stop flowing from a puncture wound on the volar surface of the forearm

A

Bleeding Time

93
Q

measured by POCT methods which include pH, PCO2, SO2, and PO2

A

Arterial blood gas (ABGs)

94
Q

most common electrolytes measured by POCT

A

sodium, potassium, chloride bicarbonate ion, and ionized calcium

95
Q

proteins specific to heart muscle

A

Cardiac Troponin T and troponin I

96
Q

analytes utilized to assess the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI)

A

Cardiac Markers

97
Q

most common POCT procedure and most often performed to monitor glucose levels of patients with diabetes mellitus

A

Glucose Testing

98
Q

instrument used for glucose testing

A

Glucometer

99
Q

primary constituent of red blood cell cytoplasm and transports molecular oxygen from the lungs to the tissues

A

Hemoglobin

100
Q

Normal value of hemoglobin

A

12.5 g/dL

101
Q

where blood is placed during hemoglobin testing

A

special microcuvette

102
Q

measure the volume of RBCs in a patients blood

A

Hematocrit

103
Q

instrument used to collect sample for Hct testing

A

Microhematocrit capillary tubes

104
Q

hormone detected for Pregnancy Testing

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

105
Q

describes the results of a series of screening tests capable of detecting renal, urinary tract and metabolic and systemic diseases

A

Urinalysis

106
Q

instrument usually used for urinalysis

A

Dipstick

PTMP 2 (10 decks)

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