LB 12-13 Flashcards
situations that require blood transfusion
- Medical operations or surgeries
- Blood transfusion in newborns
- Injuries or accidents
have the responsibility to collect blood only from donors who are at low risk for any infection that could be transmitted through transfusion and unlikely to jeopardize their own health by blood donation
Blood transfusion services
guidelines that consist of an interview and SOP
WHO 2012 Guidelines
acute and chronic infection of thte blood stream characterized by fever, anemia and splenomegaly
Malaria
parasite of Malaria
Plasmodium (plasmodium falcifarum)
how malaria is spread in the human population
bites of infected female anopheles mosquitoes
sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum that may be accute or chronic
Syphilis
4 phases of Syphilis
- Primary Phase - initial inoculation
- Secondary Phase - bacteremia and wide dissemination
- Tertiary Phase - asymptomatic; no signs and symptoms
- Latent Phase - stage 4; high risk
lentivirus in the family Retroviridae and the causative agent of AIDS
HIV
what does HIV target which leaves the body susceptible to many opportunistic infections
CD4+ lymphocytes
complication caused by HIV
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
condition when liver becomes inflamed causing the tissue to scar
Hepatitis
most common blood-borne nosocomial infection according to CDC
Hepatitis B
liver coma which no longer handles ammonia in the body
Hepacoma
Blood borne hepatitis
Hepa B, Hepa C, Hepa D
Food and water borne hepatitis
Hepa A, Hepa E
human TSE that emerged from an epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy as a result of cattle
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD)
3 factors of the pre-donation process
- Registration
- Identification Card
- Registration Form
Identification Cards for Blood Donation
- Driver’s license
- Passport
- School identification card
Important details on a registration form
- Name
- Date and time of donation
- Address
- Telephone
- Gender
- Age or Date of birth
key tool in donor selection which is standardized incorporating selection criteria necessary for uniformity and consistency
Donor Questionnaire
Age for allogenic and autologous donation
- Allogenic - 16/17-60 years old
- Autologous - no age restriction
a voluntary agreement given by the prospective donor to the donation of blood
Informed consent
Donor is unable to donate blood for a limited period of time
Temporary Deferral
Donor is unable to donate blood for an unspecified period of time due to current regulatory requirements
Indefinite Deferral
Donor will never be eligible to donate blood
Permanent Deferral
Use of antiseptic technique using
iodine compounds or chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol
Gently scrubs puncture site in an outward concentric manner for
30 seconds
Apply tourniquet or blood pressure cuff at
40-60 mmHg
Needle gauge
16
Instruct donor to open/close fist every
10-12 seconds
Mix the blood bag from time to time for
1-2 per minute
Blood to be collected
450mL + 10mL
Time frame of collection
8 minutes
laboratory section that performs most tests such as blood collection and blood storage
Blood Bank Section
detects abnormal antibodies in serum
Antibody (Ab) screen / IAT - Indirect Antiglobulin Test
detects abnormal antibodies on red blood cells
Direct antihuman globulin test (DAT) or direct Coombs
ABO and Rh typing
Group and type
identifies abnormal antibodies in serum
Panel
ABO, Rh typing and compatibility test
Type and crossmatch (T&C)
ABO, Rh typing and antibody screen
Type and screen
tubes that can’t be used for blood unit collection
Serum Separator - cause insipient coating of RBC
when is EDTA used for blood unit collection
IAT, DAT, and blood typing to chelate calcium
important activator of complement
Calcium
fundamental procedure for safe blood transfusion
Cross-matching
test patient’s serum against donor’s red cell (PSDR)
Major crossmatch
test patient’s red cell against the donor’s serum (PRDS)
Minor cross-match
Antigen and Antibody
Type A
Antigen : A
Antibody : B
Antigen and Antibody
Type B
Antigen : B
Antibody : A
Antigen and Antibody
Type AB
Antigen : A&B
Antibody : None
Antigen and Antibody
Type O
Antigen : none
Antibodies : A & B
Blood components and products must be stored within the temperature range specified for the particular component or product
Blood Storage
