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PTMP 2 > LC7 > Flashcards

LC7 Flashcards

1
Q

uses a lancet to make a small incision into the capillary bed of the skin to obtain a small volume of blood specimen

A

Capillary puncture or skin puncture

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2
Q

sterile, sharp instruments that are intended for one-time use only

A

Lancet/Incision devices

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3
Q

for use in making cuts in the skin for finger or heel puncture

A

Lancet/Incision devices

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4
Q

produces a small hole in the skin by vaporizing water in the skin

A

Laser lancet

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5
Q

eliminates the risk of sharp injury because cauterizing the skin is not necessary

A

Laser lancet

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6
Q

2 types of capillary puncture

A

Finger puncture lancet, hell puncture lancet

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7
Q

small plastic tube used to hold blood specimen collected in the capillary puncture

A

Microcollection container

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8
Q

also referred as bullets for their size and shape

A

Microcollection container

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9
Q

narrow bore tubes which are used for hematocrit determinations

A

Microhematocrit tubes and sealants

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10
Q

volume of blood collected when using Microhematocrit tubes and sealants

A

50-75 microliters of blood

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11
Q

where are Microhematocrit tubes and sealants used

A

Manual hematocrit / Packed cell volume (PCV) determinations

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12
Q

Microhematocrit tubes and sealants
- Color
- Purpose

A
  1. Red - with heparin; directly used from capillary puncture
  2. Blue - plain; for collection of serum samples
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13
Q

used for blood films for hematology determinations

A

Microscope slides

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14
Q

used to increase blood flow seven-fold by warming the puncture site

A

Warming devices

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15
Q

Recommended time for warming device

A

3-5 mins

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16
Q

Temperature recommended for warming device

A

not < 42 C

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17
Q

used for collecting capillary blood gas specimen and contains CBG collection tubes, stirrers, magnet and plastic caps

A

Capillary blood gas (CBG equipment)

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18
Q

Proper method of using CBG

A
  1. Mixed through figure of 8
  2. Minimum time : 20 seconds
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19
Q

What is the mixture of a capillary blood specimen

A

mixture of different blood and fluids - arterial blood, venous blood, capillary blood, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid

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20
Q

bright red blood found in the pulmonary vein, left chamber of the heart and arteries

A

Arterial blood

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21
Q

blood that travels from the peripheral veins passing through the venous system then through the right chamber of the heart

A

Venous blood

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22
Q

preferred specimens for infants, young children, elderly patients and patients with severe burns

A

Capillary blood

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23
Q

fills the spaces around the cells, filtered from the blood capillaries, and drained away as lymph

A

Interstitial fluid

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24
Q

found inside the cells; facilitates the movement of fluid in the membrane and blocks the entrance of unwanted materials

A

Intracellular fluid

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25
Q

Capillary reference values

A
  1. Concentration of glucose - higher
  2. Concentration of TP, Ca and K - lower
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26
Q

Indications for capillary puncture

  • Appropriate choice for adults and older children
A
  1. Veins are fragile and not accessible because of scars and burns
  2. Veins are reserved for another procedure
  3. Clotting tendencies
  4. Extreme fear of needles
  5. Veins will be used for glucose monitoring or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
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27
Q

Indications for capillary puncture

  • Appropriate choice for infants
A
  1. Health risks - anemia and cardiac arrest
  2. Requires only a small volume of blood
  3. Venipuncture - damage veins and tissues surrounding site
  4. Puncturing - hemorrhage, thrombosis, gangrene, and infection
  5. Risk of injury because of restraint
  6. Capillary blood is preferred
28
Q

How many mg of iron is lost for every 10 mL of blood

A

4 mg

29
Q

When is capillary puncture not used

A
  1. ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
  2. Coagulation studies requiring plasma specimens
  3. Blood culture
  4. Tests that require large volume of serum or plasma
30
Q

Order of Draw for Capillary Puncture

A
  1. Slides for PBS
  2. Blood gas specimens (CBGs)
  3. EDTA specimens
  4. Lithium Heparin, Lithium Heparin w gel separator
  5. Sodium Fluoride / Potassium Oxalate
  6. Serum - Clot Activator
  7. Serum - No additive
  8. Newborn Blood Spot Card
31
Q

Position of patient during capillary puncture

  • Finger puncture
A
  • middle or ring finger
  • supported on a firm surface
  • arms extended
  • palms facing up
32
Q

Reason why thumb, index and pinky are not sites for capillary puncture

A
  1. Thumb, Index finger - calluses
  2. Pinky - tissue is thin
33
Q

Position of patient during heel puncture

  • Heel puncture
A
  • supine position
  • foot lower than his/her torso
34
Q

Weight required for Heel-Prick and Finger-Prick

A

Heel Prick - 3-10kg
Finger Prick - <10kg

35
Q

Site selection criteria

A

pink, normal in color, and warm

36
Q

Sites to be avoided

A
  • scars, cuts, bruises or rashes
  • Cyanotic (bluish)
  • Edematous (swollen)
  • Infected : visible swelling
37
Q

Puncture or Incision site for adults and children older than 1 year old

A
  • palmar surface of distal, end segment of middle finger or ring finger of non-dominant hand
  • center or fleshy portion of finger
  • perpendicular tp the grooved in the whorls
38
Q

Puncture/Incision site in infants <1 year old

A
  • plantar surface of the heel; on the median or lateral edge
  • 2.0 mm deep
39
Q

Precautions on the risk of puncturing the bone

A
  1. Osteomyelitis - inflammation of bone marrow
  2. Osteochondritis - inflammation of bones and cartilage
40
Q

usually done when specimen is for pH or blood gas specimen collection

A

Warming

41
Q

Fingers used to grasp patient’s finger

A

nondominant thumb and index finger

42
Q

Fingers used to grasp patient’s heel

A

encircle heel by wrapping index finger around arch and thumb around bottom

43
Q

Fingers used to grasp patient’s heel

A

encircle heel by wrapping index finger around arch and thumb around bottom

44
Q

Reason why first blood drop is wiped away

A

may be contaminated with excess tissue fluid

45
Q

Collections prioritized to avoid clumping and clotting

A
  1. Collection of slides
  2. Platelet counts
  3. Hematology specimens
46
Q

Special handling instructions

A
  1. Cooling of specimen in crushed ice for CBG
  2. Transport at body temperature
  3. Light protection for specimens with bilirubin
47
Q

Capillary blood gas proper collection technique

A
  • minimize exposure to air
  • immediately cap both ends
  • mix specimen
  • place tube in ice
48
Q

blood test used to check abnormalities in the blood cells

A

Routine blood film/smear preparation

49
Q

used to determine if the patient has malaria which is diagnosed by its presence in the peripheral blood smear

A

Thick blood smear preparation

50
Q

quick collection to minimize light exposure and is collected on amber-colored microtainer

A

Neonatal bilirubin collection

51
Q

Why should hemolysis be avoided during neonatal bilirubin collection

A

Hemolysis cause bilirubin to increase

52
Q

performed on infants between 24 to 72 hours

A

Newborn/Neonatal screening

53
Q

determine any liver disorder in infants

A

Neonatal bilirubin collection

54
Q

should be centrifuged within 2 hours of collection

A

Serum gel microtainers

55
Q

should be centrifuged and aliquoted within 2 hours of collection

A

Red-top microtainers

56
Q

inborn disorders that can be detected in Newborn/Neonatal Screening

A

Phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, galactosemia, and cystic fibrosis

57
Q

RA for newborn screening

A

RA 8892

58
Q

used for Newborn/Neonatal screening

A

Newborn screening equipment

59
Q

Length of lancets for adult patients

A

2.2 mm lancets

60
Q

Length of lancets for pediatric and neonatal patients

A

should not go beyond 2.4 mm

61
Q

Length of lancets for premature neonates

A

0.85 mm lancet

62
Q

Recommended depth for finger prick

A
  1. child over 6 months and below 8 yrs old - 1.5 mm
  2. child over 8 yrs - 2.4 mm
63
Q

used to perform a manual differential count

A

Peripheral Blood Film

64
Q

determines the number, type, and characteristics of blood cells

A

Manual Differential Count

65
Q

reason why blood films are collected first

A

avoid platelet clumping

66
Q

Gold Standard Method

A

Malarial Smear

PTMP 2 (10 decks)

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