LB's questions Flashcards
Carrying oxygenated blood form high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas is the primary function of which of the following?
A. Veins
B. Lymph nodes
C. Arteries
D. Capillaries
C. Arteries: Arteries carry oxygenated blood from high-pressure areas. The volume of blood that is carried by the arteries is influenced by the volume of blood in the system, peripheral resistance, and the elasticity of vessel walls.
A. Veins: carry unoxygenated blood to the heart from the tissues.
B. Lymph nodes: part of the lymphatic system and collect cellular debris and bacteria.
D. Capillaries: exchange fluids and nutrients between tissues and blood.
A PT has a pt in supine position with his legs resting on the table. The therapist passively flexes on hip with the leg extended until the pt complains of shooting P. Then the leg is slowly lowered until the pain subsides, and the therapist DF the foot. The therapist is conducting this test in order to identify dysfunction of the LE. Which special lumbar test is the PT performing?
A. Valsalva’s maneuver test
B. Babinski test
C. Lasegue’s test
D. McKenzie’s side glide test
C. Lasegue’s test: is a special lumbar test that is performed with the pt in a supine position and is used to identify if the pt’s neurological structures that supply his LEs are functioning correctly. If the PT is able to reproduce the pt’s pathological neurological symptoms while his/her foot is DF, then the test is deemed positive
A. Valsalva’s maneuver test: used to identify space-occupying lesions.
B. Babinski test: used to identify UMN lesions.
D. McKenzie’s side glide test: used to differentiate between neurological dysfunction and scoliotic curvature that causes the trunk to have abnormal curvature.
A pt presents with peripheral nerve injury after motor vehicle accident. If the patient has the inability to flex a fully extended arm or experienes winging that starts at 90* forward flexion, which peripheral nerve is MOST LIKELY involved?
A. suprascapular N
B. spinal accessory N
C. Axillary N
D. Long thoracic N
D. Long thoracic N: most likely involved when an ind has the inability to flex a fully extended arm or experiences winging that starts at 90* forward flexion. The LTN may also be involved if the ind experience P when flexing a fully extended arm.
A. suprascapular N: most likely involved when a pt experiences increased P with forward shoulder flexion or shoulder weakness.
B. spinal accessory N: most likely involved when an ind has the inability to abd his/her arm beyond 90* or experiences P in his/her shoulder on abduction.
C. Axillary N: most likely involved when an ind has the inability to abduct his/her arm with neutral rotation.
You are evaluating a 62-year old male who complains of shoulder P and decreased functional use of his arm. If you are suspicious of a rotator cuff tear, which special test would most likely confirm this condition?
A. Speed’s test
B. Drop arm test
C. Yergason’s test
D. Clunk test
B. Drop arm test: identifies a tear and/or full rupture of the rotator cuff. This test is performed by having the pt sit with the shoulder passively abducted to 120*. The pt is instructed to slowly bring the arm down to the side, while the therapist guards in case the arm drops. The test is positive if the pt is unable to lower arm to the side with control.
A. Speed’s test: used to identify bicipital tendinopathy
C. Yergason’s test: used to test the integrity of the transverse ligament and also identify bicipital tendinopathy
D. Clunk test: used to identify a glenoid labrum tear
A pt is diagnosed with end stage renal failure and is no longer going to receive care to improve his comfort while resting. Which of the following is a practice environment in which a dying, Medicare-eligible pt receives care from a nurse in an inpatient or home-based setting?
A. Hospice care
B. Subacute care
C. Tertiary care
D. Skilled nursing facility
A. Hospice care: a practice environment in which a dying, Medicare-eligible pt receives care from a nurse in an inpatient or home-based setting.
B. Subacute care: is an intermediate level of health care practice environment in which the patient receives treatment in a hospital or skilled nursing facility by medical, nursing, and rehabilitative service providers.
C. Tertiary care: a practice environment in which the pt receives treatment provided by highly specialized physicians in a hospital setting.
D. Skilled nursing facility: a practice environment in which the patient is continuously cared for by nursing staff and can be freestanding or part of a transitional care unit.
A PT is treating a pt for lateral epicondylitis and would like to position the pt’s humeroulnar elbow joint in a resting position. Which of the following identifies the appropriate resting position of the pt’s humeroulnar elbow joint?
A. 70* flexion and 10* supination
B. 90* flexion and 5* supination
C. Full extension and supination
D. Neutral with no flexion
A. 70* flexion and 10* supination
The humeroulnar elbow joint is in a resting position when it is positioned using a 70* flexion and 10* supination.
The humeroulnar elbow joint is in a close-packed position when it is positioned using full extension and supination. The humeroradial elbow joint is in a resting position when it is positioned using full extension and supination, and it is in a closed packed position when it is positioned using a 90* flexion and 5* supination.
Hemodynamics are important statistics that relate to the function of the heart and its efficiency in pumping blood. The volume of blood that is pumped by the heart per minute is known as which of the following?
A. Stroke volume
B. Atrial filling pressure
C. Cardiac output
D. Ejection fraction
C. Cardiac output: The volume of blood that is pumped by the heart per minute is known as cardiac output. The normal cardiac output for an adult at rest is 4-5 liters per minute.
A. Stroke volume: the volume of blood that is emitted from each myocardial contraction
B. Atrial filling pressure: the variance between that atrial and venous pressure
D. Ejection fraction: the percentage of blood emitted during systole from the ventricle
As part of a cervical examination, a physical therapist is performing the anterior shear test on a pt. What does this special cervical test assess?
A. Cervical nerve root dysfunction
B. Upper cervical spine ligament
C. Spinal cord dysfunction
D. Transverse ligament integrity
B. Upper cervical spine ligament: The anterior shear test is a special cervical test that assesses the upper cervical spine ligament integrity. In order to perform this test, the pt will need to be in a supine position with the head supported on the exam table. The therapist glides C2-7 anteriorly, assessing the end feel.
A. Cervical nerve root dysfunction: The foraminal compression test is used to assess cervical nerve root dysfunction.
C. Spinal cord dysfunction: Lhermitte’s sign is used to assess spinal cord dysfunction.
D. Transverse ligament integrity: used to assess the transverse ligament integrity.
If a PT asks the pt to walk while counting backwards from the number 10. What is being assessed?
A. Memory
B. Emotional response
C. Attention
D. Higher-level cognitive ability
C. Attention: the PT is testing the pt’s attention, specifically his ability to dual-task
A. Memory: can be tested by the pt to recall items that he just seen, recall recent event, or recall past events.
B. Emotional response: can be tested by judging the pt’s judgement, frustration tolerance, or self-centeredness
D. Higher-level cognitive ability: can be tested by examining the pt’s abstract reasoning or problem-solving abilities.
Prostatitis occurs when the prostate gland is infected and inflamed. There are three different types of prostatitis: acute bacterial, chronic, and non bacterial. Which of the following are not a symptom related to acute bacterial prostatitis?
A. Malaise
B. Urethral discharge
C. Impotence
D. Fever and chills
C. Impotence: is not associated with acute bacterial prostatitis; however, it is associated with nonbacterial inflammatory prostatitis.
Urethral discharge, fever and chills, and malaise are all symptoms associated with acute bacterial prostatitis. Other symptoms related to acute bacterial prostatitis include urinary frequency, nocturia, dysuria, myalgia and arthralgia, and pain. Acute bacterial prostatitis is associated with multiple sex partners and catheterization.
Venous ulcers can be found on an individual’s lower leg and are commonly located over a medial malleolus area. Which of the following causes is associated with venous ulcers?
A. Arteriosclerosis obliterans
B. Peripheral neuropathy
C. Vascular incompetence
D. Unrelieved pressure
C. Vascular incompetence: is associated with venous ulcers. Other causes are associated with venous ulcers include chronic venous insufficiency, venous hypertension, and a history of deep venous thrombosis.
A. Arteriosclerosis obliterans: is a cause associated with arterial ulcers.
B. Peripheral neuropathy: is a cause associated with diabetic ulcers.
D. Unrelieved pressure: is a cause associated with pressure ulcers.
A cerebral angiography is a diagnostic procedure that x-rays the patient’s skull after injecting dye into which of the following?
A. Vertebral arteries only
B. Lateral ventricles
C. Spinal subarachnoid space
D. Carotid and/or vertebral arteries
D. Carotid and/or vertebral arteries
A cerebral angiography is a diagnostic procedure that x-rays the patient’s skull after injecting due into the carotid and/or vertebral arteries. This invasive procedure may cause an anaphylactic reaction to the dye, meningeal irritation, vasospasms, or hemorrhage.
During a ventriculography, dye is injected into the lateral ventricles. During a myelography, dye is injected into the spinal subarachnoid space.
A patient presents with discomfort over the lateral upper thigh, over the region of the trochanteric bursa. the PT feels that the pt may have a tightened tensor fascia latae and iliotibial band. Which special test will the PT most likely use to confirm his feelings?
A. Ober’s test
B. Thomas’s test
C. Ely’s test
D. Patrick’s (FABER) test
A. Ober’s test: is a special hip test used to identify IT band tightness or TFL tightness. Ober’s test is deemed positive if the pt’s uppermost limb cannot come to a rest on the examination table.
B. Thomas’s test: a special test used to identify hip flexor tightness.
C. Ely’s test: a special hip test used to identify rectus femoris tightness.
D. Patrick’s (FABER) test: a special test that is used to identify hip dysfunctions, such as restriction in mobility.
Working as a PT, you are conducting pelvic floor strengthening for a man with erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is a male reproductive system disorder that causes the inability to achieve and maintain an erection. Which of the following is a vascular cause associated with erectile dysfunction?
A. Coronary heart disease
B. Cerebral trauma
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Amphetamine use
A. Coronary heart disease: a vascular cause associated with erectile dysfunction. Other vascular causes associated with ED include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, pelvic irradiation, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking.
Amphetamine use is a drug-induced cause with ED. Hypothyroidism is a hormonal cause associated with ED. Cerebral trauma is a neurologic cause associated with ED.
Hypomagnesemia occurs when the blood has decreased concentration of magnesium ions. Hypomagnesemia can cause all expect which of the following?
A. Ventricular arrhythmias
B. Sudden death
C. Coronary artery vasospasm
D. Atrial fibrillation
D. Atrial fibrillation: Hypomagnesemia DOES NOT cause A-fib.
Hypomagnesemia occurs when the blood has decreased concentration of magnesium ions. IT can cause ventricular arrhythmias, coronary artery vasospasm, and sudden death. Decreased magnesium concentrations results in increased intracellular calcium levels, which can lead to increased heart actions such as ventricular arrhythmias, vasospasm, and sudden death.
When a pt suffers from a knee burn, the common deformity is flexion. As a PT, which position should you position the leg to reduce the likelihood of a contracture?
A. Supination and extension
B. Dorsiflexion
C. Knee extension
D. External rotation, abduction, and flexion
C. Knee flexion: the PT goal that should be stressed when a pt has a knee burn. The pt’s knee should be placed in a posterior knee splint and positioned in extension.
ER, abduction, and flexion are the PT goals that should be stressed when a pt has a shoulder burn. Supination and extension are the PT goals that should be stressed when a pt has an elbow burn. DF is the PT goal that should be stressed when a pt has an ankle burn.
A PT is preforming Thompson’s test on a pt by squeezing the pt’s calf muscle. What is the PT accessing the pt for?
A. Abnormal rearfoot
B. The integrity of the Achilles’ tendon
C. Posterior tibial nerve dysfunction
D. Possible presence of a deep vein thrombosis
B. The integrity of the Achilles’ tendon: The Thompson’s test is performed to evaluate the integrity of the pt’s Achilles’ tendon. If the pt’s foot does not move while his calf is being squeezed, then Thompson’s test is positive.
A. Abnormal rearfoot: The neutral subtalar positioning test is used to access patient’s abnormal rearfoot.
C. Posterior tibial nerve dysfunction: Tinel’s sign is a special ankle and foot test that is used to access pts fir posterior tibial nerve dysfunction.
D. Possible presence of a deep vein thrombosis: Homan’s sign is used to assess for DVT.
The femoral nerve traction is a special lumbar test that is used to identify femoral nerve compression anywhere along the course of the nerve. Which of the following findings would deem that test as positive?
A. Neurological symptoms when the foot is DF
B. Neurological symptoms into the buttocks
C. Neurological pain in the anterior thigh
D. Neurological symptoms as the truck’s alignment is corrected
C. Neurological pain in the anterior thigh: The femoral nerve traction test is deemed positive when the test finds neurological pain in the anterior thigh. The femoral nerve traction test is performed by having the pts lie on his non-P side with his truck in a neutral position, his head slightly flexed, and his lower limb’s knee and hip flexed. The PT passively extends the hip.
A. Neurological symptoms when the foot is DF: Lasegue’s test is deemed positive when the test finds neurological symptoms when the foot is DF.
B. Neurological symptoms into the buttocks: Sciatica is indicated with P into the buttocks.
D. Neurological symptoms as the truck’s alignment is corrected: McKenzie’s side glide test is deemed positive when the test finds neurological symptoms as the truck’s alignment is corrected.
An individual’s parasympathetic nervous system is known to do all except which of the following?
A. Relaxes urinary bladder
B. Dilates blood vessels in the gut
C. Stimulate digestion
D. Slow heart rate
A. Relaxes urinary bladder: The PNS does not relax the urinary bladder. The PNS stimulates the urinary bladder to contract.
The PNS is know to dilates blood vessels in the gut, stimulate digestion, and slow heart rate. The PNS is also known to stimulate tearing, constrict pupils, and constrict airways. The PNS is responsible for body functions in the rest-and-digest stage, in non-stressful situations.
A pt ambulates independently, but the therapist motes that she displays supination throughout the stance phase of gait. The PT knows that supination can be a result of which of the following?
A. Genu Valgum
B. Pain in the forefoot
C. Plantar flexor contracture
D. Spastic invertors
D. Spastic invertors: Supination can be a result of spastic invertors. Supination can also be a result of genu varum, pes varus, and weak evertors.
A. Genu Valgum: can cause pronation
B. Pain in the forefoot: can cause an inadequate push-off.
C. Plantar flexor contracture: can cause excessive PF.
Medicare Part A benefits are provided by the federal government and covers all EXCEPT which of the following?
A. Hospice care
B. Inpatient hospital care
C. Primary care physician visits
D. Skilled nursing facility care
C. Primary care physician visits: Medicare Part A does not cover PCP visits. Physicians visits are considered medical care that is covered by Medicare Part B.
Medicare Part A does over inpatient hospital care, hospice care, and skilled nursing facility care. Medicare Part A provides basic health care expense coverage in which the beneficiary is responsible for an annual deductible. Medicare Part A is considered hospital insurance, Medicare Part B is considered medical insurance.
A PT is performing a neurological examination to determine a pt’s level of consciousness. At what level of consciousness is the pt when he can only be aroused from sleep using a painful stimuli, responds slowly, and returns to an unresponsive state once the stimuli has been removed?
A. Coma
B. Stupor
C. Obtundation
D. Lethargy
B. Stupor: the pt’s level of consciousness is categorized as stupor when he can only be aroused from sleep using a painful stimuli, responds slowly, and returns to an unresponsive state once the stimuli has been removed. This pt has minimal awareness of himself or the environment.
A. Coma: is a level of consciousness that is described as an unconscious state in which the pt can not be awakened.
C. Obtundation: is a level of consciousness that is described as a confused state in which the pt can open his eyes and look at the examiner, but is confused.
D. Lethargy: is a level of consciousness that is described as a drowsy state in which the pt can open his eyes and respond, but falls back to sleep quickly.
A central cord lesion is a spinal cord injury of the upper motor neuron that is characterized by which of the following?
A. Lateral corticospinal tract lost
B. Variable nerve root damage
C. Spastic paralysis that occurs below the lesion
D. Cavitation of the central cord in the cervical section
D. Cavitation of the central cord in the cervical section: in the cervical section is a characteristic that is associated with a central cord lesion. A central cord lesion is a spinal cord injury of the upper motor neuron that also causes ventral horn loss with a bilateral loss of motor function.
A. Lateral corticospinal tract lost: is a characteristic of anterior cord syndrome.
B. Variable nerve root damage: is a characteristic of a Cauda Equina injury.
C. Spastic paralysis that occurs below the lesion: is a characteristic of a complete cord lesion, Brown-Sequard syndrome, and anterior cord syndrome.
You are treating a 72-year old woman for gait and balance training. During analysis, you not that your pt displays inadequate push-off. Inadequate push-off is the results of which of the following?
A. Spastic toe flexors
B. Contracture of PF
C. Tightened PF
D. Weakened PF
D. Weakened PF: Inadequate push-off is a common gait deviation that occurs during the stance phase as a result of weakened PF, pain in the forefoot, or decreased ROM.
A. Spastic toe flexors: Toe clawing is a common fait deviation that occurs during the stance phase as a result of spastic toe flexors.
B. Contracture of PF: Excessive PF is a common gait deviation that occurs during the stance phase as a result of the contracture of PF.
C. Tightened PF: Toe first stepping is a common gait deviation that occurs during the stance phase as a result of tightened PF.