Laxatives Flashcards
What are the main types of laxative?
- Stimulant
- Bulk-forming
- Osmotic
Give two examples of stimulant laxatives
- Senna
- Bisacodyl
How do stimulant laxatives work?
Increase the volume of stool in the colon and stimulate peristalsis
Give two examples of bulk-forming laxatives
- Isphagula husk
- Methylcellulose
How do bulk-forming laxatives work?
Increase the stool volume which makes it easier to pass
Give two examples of osmotic laxatives
- Lactulose
- Macrogol
How do osmotic laxatives work?
Increase the amount of water in the large bowel
How can laxatives be administered?
- PO
- PR
When should PR laxatives be avoided?
When haemorrhoids or anal fissures are present
What are the indications of laxatives?
- Constipation
- Bowel preparation
How should patients on laxatives be monitored?
- Ask about symptoms
- Stool chart in hospital
What are the common side-effects of laxatives?
- Diarrhoea
- Abdominal discomfort
- Nausea and vomiting
What are the less common side-effects of laxatives?
Prolonged use of stimulants can cause atonic non-functioning colon and hypokalaemia
What counselling should be given to patients on laxatives?
- Reason for use and mode of action
- Need for compliance
- Frequency of defecation
- Hydration
- Storage
When is compliance with laxatives particularly important?
When using as a bowel preparation for surgery and colonoscopy
