Anti-Virals Flashcards
Give 4 examples of anti-virals
- Aciclovir
- Valaciclovir
- Ganciclovir
- Famciclovir
What is the mechanism of action of anti-virals?
Prevent DNA replication by terminating nucleotide chains
Are anti-virals broad or narrow spectrum?
Narrow - active against viruses (obviously)
What are the routes of deliveries of anti-virals?
- Herpes simplex and herpes zoster
- Varicella zoster
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
What anti-viral is used in CMV?
Gangciclovir
Who should anti-virals be used with caution in?
Elderly
What should be done if anti-virals are given in renal impairment?
Reduce dose and advise patient to maintain hydration
What are the routes of delivery of anti-virals?
- PO
- IV
- Topical
What monitoring is required with anti-virals?
- Look for clinical signs of improvement
- Monitor renal function if elderly or have long-term treatment
What might anti-virals interact with?
- Theophylline
- Methotrexate
- Cephalosporins
- Ciclosporins
- Tacrolimus
- NSAIDs
What might happen if anti-virals are given with risk of theophylline?
Increased plasma concentration if theophylline
What might happen if anti-virals are given with methotrexate, cephalosporins, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, and NSAIDs?
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity
What are the common side effects of anti-virals?
- GI disturbances
- Fatigue
- Rash
- Headache
- Photosensitivity
What are the rare side effects of anti-virals?
- Tremors
- Fever
- Psychosis
What patient counselling is required with anti-virals?
- Complete anti-viral course
- Drink plenty of fluids
