Laws Of Matter And Atomic Theories

Question 1

Who are the 3 Scientists for the Laws of Matter?

Answer 1

1) Antoine Lavoisier
2) Joseph Louis Proust
3) John Dalton

Question 2

Laws of Matter:

during any physical or chemical change, the total mass of the product remains equal to the total mass of the reactants.

ex:
burning + paper ≠ destroyed paper
burning + paper = gasses

Answer 2

Law of Conservation of Mass

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 3

Laws of Matter:

a specific compound will always contain the exact same ratio (proption) of elements by mass.

ex: mass ratio of hydrogen in water is 2:1, regardless of the quantity of water.

Answer 3

Law of Definite Proportions

Joseph Louis Proust

Question 4

Laws of Matter:

two elements combined with each other form two or more compounds, the ratios of one element that combines with the fixed mass of the other are simple whole numbers.

ex: C0 & C02, both are compounds of carbon and hydrogen.

Answer 4

The Law of Multiple Proportions

John Dalton

Question 5

Atomic Theories:

○ basic building blocks of matter
○ neutrons, protons, electrons
○ Greek “_____” which means _____.

Answer 5

Atoms.

“Atomos” - indivisible.

Question 6

Atomic Theories:

-made on the Greece notion of atoms in 1808
-matter is made of atoms, small indivisible particles
-while atoms of one element are identical, they are totally different from those that make up other elements

Answer 6

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Question 7

Atomic Theories:
-“plum pudding”
-discovering electrons in 1897
-the charge of the positive sphere’s charge is equal to the negative charge of electrons

Answer 7

J.J Thomson’s Theory

Question 8

Atomic Theories:

• all matter is made up of tiny units called atoms
• solid particles without internal structure, came in a variety of shapes and sizes, made some intangible qualities like taste and color.

Answer 8

Ancient Greek Beliefs by Leucippus and Democritus (fifth century B.C)

Question 9

Atomic Theories:

• nuclear model on atoms.
• atoms in a nucleus exists.
• movement of protons and electrons within the central part of the atom.
• the number of protons and electrons are equal in an atom.

Answer 9

Rutherford’s Hypothesis (1910 / 1911)

Question 10

Atomic Theories:

• planetary model; electrons revolve about the nucleus like how planets orbit the sun.
• when the electrons ae in orbit, they posses “constant energy.”

Answer 10

Bohr’s Theory (1913)

Question 11

Atomic Theories:

• atom consists of a central and heavy nucleus centered by a number of electrons
• fixed solid lumps - electrons & other tiny particles.
• statistical clouds - modern quantum theory
• can measure speed exactly along with locations, but not at the same time

Answer 11

Einstein, Heisenberg and Quantum Mechanics

Question 12

Atomic Theories:

in Quantum Mechanics _____ proposed that electrons do not move in a set of paths around the nucleus but in waves

• cloud of probability is impossible to locate the electrons.

Answer 12

Erwin Schrödinger