LAWRS

Question 1

_____ is a routine scheduled observation and is the primary observation code

Answer 1

METAR

Question 2

____ is an unscheduled observation

Answer 2

SPECI

Question 3

_____ shall be made as soon as possible after the relevant special criteria are met or observed.

Answer 3

SPECIs

Question 4

the wind speed is ______, the speed is appended to the VRB

Answer 4

6kt or less

Question 5

The wind data for the most recent _____are evaluated.

Answer 5

10 minutes

Question 6

Gusts are indicated by rapid fluctuations in wind speed with a variation of ____ between peaks and lulls

Answer 6

10 knots or more

Question 7

If the wind direction varies by ___ and wind speed is _____, a variable wind group is also reported.

Answer 7

60° or more
>6 knots

Question 8

A wind shift is indicated by a change in wind direction of _____ in less than ____ with sustained winds of 10 knots or more throughout the wind shift.

Answer 8

45 degrees or more
less than 15 minutes

Question 9

Report squalls in Present Weather (column 9) if there is a sudden increase in the average wind speed of at least 16 knots and sustained at 22 knots or more and continuing for at least 1 minute during the 10minutes prior to the time of observation.

Answer 9

16 knots
22 knots

Question 10

Whenever the visibility is not uniform in all directions and the prevailing visibility and/or the sector visibility is less than ___ report sector visibility.

Answer 10

3 miles

Question 11

Record tower visibility in column 7(b) when it is less than ____ and differs from the surface visibility

Answer 11

4 miles

Question 12

“Occurring at the station” when within___ statute miles of the point of observation.

Answer 12

5

Question 13

“In the vicinity of the station” when between____ statute miles of the point of observation.

Answer 13

5 and 10

Question 14

“Any type of precipitation not occurring at the point of observation, but within ____ statute
miles, is reported as showers in the vicinity (VCSH)”.

Answer 14

10

Question 15

“Distant from the station” when beyond ___ statute miles of the point of observation.

Answer 15

10

Question 16

Present weather in order of decreasing dominance, i.e., the most dominant type is reported first.– Precipitation is always reported before obscurations

Answer 16

10

Question 17

When blowing dust (BLDU) or blowing sand (BLSA) reduces visibility to ___it is then reported as a
duststorm (DS) or sandstorm (SS), respectfively.

Answer 17

5/8

Question 18

Obscurations are reported in the vicinity of the station (VC) when they are located between ____ statute
miles of the point of observation.

Answer 18

5 to 10sm

Question 19

Descriptors

Answer 19

Shallow (MI)
Partial (PR) and Patches (BC)
Low Drifting (DR) Blowing (BL)
Shower(s) (SH)
Thunderstorm (TS)
Freezing (FZ)

Question 20

The most significant restriction is: Descriptors are never
used with____

Answer 20

Mist (BR)

Question 21

Sky condition
VV

Answer 21

8/8

Question 22

SKC

Answer 22

0

Question 23

FEW

Answer 23

less than 1/8 - 2/8

Question 24

SCT

Answer 24

3/8 - 4/8

Question 25

BKN

Answer 25

5/8 - less than 8/8

Question 26

OVC

Answer 26

8/8

Question 27

After determining the sky cover and sky cover contraction for each layer aloft, enter the contractions in
____, Sky Condition, of MF1M-10 in ___ order of height, and enter the sky cover of the
highest layer in column 17, Total Sky Cover

Answer 27

column 10
ascending

Question 28

The prevailing visibility is then the visibility in the____ added to make up 180° or more (i.e.,
greatest distances you can see in at least 180° around your point of observation) and is reported in statute
miles.

Answer 28

last sector

Question 29

Whenever the visibility is not uniform in all directions and the prevailing visibility and/or the sector
visibility is less than ___report sector visibility

Answer 29

3 miles

Question 30

Variable Prevailing Visibility

If the average is ____miles and the variation between the minimum
and maximum is ___mile or more, report the limits of variability in column 14, Remarks

Answer 30

less than 3
1/2

Question 31

Record tower visibility in column 7(b) when it is ____ miles and differs from the surface visibility;
also enter the higher visibility value (SFC or TWR) in column 14, Remarks.

Answer 31

less than 4

Question 32

Squalls are defined as___

Answer 32

Wind speed increases at least 16kts sustained 22kts or more for at least 1min

Question 33

For winds to be variable directions need to vary by

Answer 33

60 degrees

Question 34

The earliest a metar can be made is

Answer 34

45min

Question 35

A speci is required when the prevailing vis decreases to less than

Answer 35

3sm

Question 36

Observed layers greater than 10,000 are reported to the nearest

Answer 36

1000

Question 37

Layers between 5,000 and 10,000 are rounded to the nearest

Answer 37

500ft

Question 38

A special observation is required for sky conditions when a layer of clouds or obscurations aloft is present below___ and no layer aloft was reported below____ in the preceding observation.

Answer 38

1000ft
1000ft

Question 39

Sector visibilities are encoded when the sector visibility differs from the ___ by one or more reportable values and the prevailing visibility is____ statue miles

Answer 39

prevailing visibility
less than 3

Question 40

A special observation is needed when the prevailing visibility decreases to___ statue miles

Answer 40

less than 3

Question 41

A special observation is required when the prevailing visibility decreases to less than__

Answer 41

1sm

Question 42

A special observation is required for sky conditions when a ceiling forms or dissipates below___

Answer 42

1500ft

Question 43

The wind speed data is examined for___ minutes prior to the observation

Answer 43

10

Question 44

When the wind direction and sustained wind speed requirements for a wind shift are met, the wind shift must take place in less than ___ minutes

Answer 44

15

Question 45

Reportable visabilty table

Question 46

Hail