LAVA FLOW DEPOSITS Flashcards
lava flow characterized by its rough/rubbly surface of broken lava blocks
Aa flow
what are the broken lava blocks called?
clinker
lava flow characterized by its smooth, billowy, undulating or ropy surface
Pahoehoe
elongated, usually arcuate, ridges on the crust of a lava flow formed by laterally directed pressure.
pressure ridges
an example of a pressure ridge
cerro chao, chile
lava flow when upward pressure of slow-moving molten lava within a flow swells or pushes the overlying crust upward
Tumulus (lava blister)
a cave formed when a lava flow solidifies, leaving behind an empty conduit as the lava drains
lava caves
mineral deposits, like those found in caves, that form within lava tubes
lava speleothems
conical structures built up by lava ejected through an opening in the crust of a lava flow
Hornitos in Hawai’i
mounds/ridges formed from the extrusion of lava through a crack in the solidified crust
lava mounds (squeeze ups)
- deposits of highly fluid basaltic lava
- extruded from linear fissures/rifts or eruptions through multiple vents
lava plateaux and plains
The dark, relatively smooth plains, or “maria,” on the Moon’s surface are formed by extensive eruptions of basaltic lava
lunar flood basalts
volcanic activity caused by unusually hot regions in the Earth’s mantle
pacific hotspot volcanism
large volumes of molten lava are contained in a vent/ crater/ broad depression
lava lakes
form whenever sub-aerial flows of lava enter standing bodies of water
lava deltas
forms when
1. lava emerges underwater
2. lava flow enters the ocean
3. lava erupts beneath glacial ice
pillow lavas
