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8th Grade SS > Launching a Nation Review > Flashcards

Launching a Nation Review Flashcards

1
Q

How did Americans feel about George Washington before his presidency?

A

They saw him as an honest man and a Rev. War hero. They wanted him to be president

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2
Q

Who are the people that actually voted for George Washington?

A

The electoral college, a body of electors who represent each state’s vote in choosing the president.

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3
Q

Washington’s votes were based on…

How many?

A

Votes based on population, Washington won unanimously (got all 69 votes)

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4
Q

Who was the vice president in Washington’s first presidency?

A

John Adams

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5
Q

What was the official presidential home of George and Martha Washington?

A

A Mt. Vernon Mansion

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6
Q

What did ppl hope for women in the new nation?

A

That they would be able to receive an education and play a greater role than Martha Washington did

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7
Q

What does the word inauguration mean?

A

The formal admission of someone into office

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8
Q

What were all of Washington’s precedents? (list them)

A
  1. Served only two terms as president
  2. Added “so help me god” in the oath of office
  3. Established a cabinet of advisors
  4. Started tradition of farewell address
  5. Policy of Neutrality
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9
Q

Before a president can govern a country, they must be…

The president takes an… at the inauguration

A

inaugurated, oath

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10
Q

Why did Washington create a cabinet to help govern the country?

A

Because he knew that he could not accomplish all of this on his own

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11
Q

What is a cabinet?

A

A team of advisors that will help the president help govern the country.

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12
Q

The secretary of state was… and his job was …

A

Thomas Jefferson, the advisor of foreign affairs

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13
Q

The secretary of treasury was… and his job was to…

A

Alexander Hamilton, handle the nation’s money and be in charge of the National Bank

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14
Q

The secretary of war was… and his job was to…

A

Henry Knox, handle the affairs of the US army

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15
Q

Atourney General was… and his job was to…

A

Edmund Randolph, to represent the US in legal matters

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16
Q

What were some problems that Washington faced as president and what were his solutions to those problems?

A
  1. How would Washington use the power of the new government?
    - he used his power to end the Whiskey Rebellion and gain respect
  2. How would Washington repay a very large national debt?
    - 1 collecting taxes 2 build bank 3 loan 4 pay
  3. How would Washington deal with foreign nations?
    - Neutrality Proclamation
  4. How would Washington protect the Native Americans?
    - Treaty of Greenville
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17
Q

How did the development of political parties affect America?

A

Caused division but also brought ppl together and so they could share and bounce ideas.

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18
Q

What did Americans expect from George Washington as president?

A

Farmers wanted fair tax laws and the right to settle in lands to the West. Merchants, laborers, and tax ppl wanted help with their buisnesses.

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19
Q

When was Washington DC officially named the capital?

A

July 16, 1790

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20
Q

What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 do?

A
  • created 3 levels of federal courts
  • defined their powers and relationships to the state courts
  • set up federal districts
  • set up circuit court of appeals
  • made it so that all states had to follow the same federal interpretation of the law
  • determined how many justices are on the supreme court
  • says that disputes between the states must be settled in the supreme court
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21
Q

What 3 things did Hamilton’s plan to reduce debt focus on?

A
  1. Tariffs
  2. Excise Taxes
  3. Setting up a national banking system
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22
Q

What do tariffs do?

A

Makes foreign goods more expensive, homemade goods cheaper.

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23
Q

What is excise tax?

A

Taxes on domestic goods, inside the country, like on property or car

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24
Q

What 3 things would a National Banking System do?

A
  • gives gov. a place to store money
  • allows gov. to print money
  • can issue loans and create revenue from interest
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25
Q

Why would the federal gov. want to consolidate all of the states’ debts into one strong national debt?

A

Unity, a strong government, get them paid off, they formed them as a country so they needed to get rid of them as a country

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26
Q

What was the Northern-Southern Compromise

A

The government wanted to combine all the state debts and pay them off together as a national debt. This made the Southern states angry because they had already paid off their debts. The South agreed to pay the debts if the capital was moved into the South. (from Philadelphia to Washington DC)

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27
Q

Why would some ppl be against the banking system?

A

Bc the constitution never actually said that you could do that and that was a strict constructionist pov

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28
Q

What is the elastic clause? Which political party used this?

A

Says that congress can make, “all laws necessary” for the success of the country. The Federalists used this.

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29
Q

Alexander Hamilton vs. Thomas Jefferson. Who used the strict interpretation and who used the loose interpretation?

A

Alexander Hamilton- Loose

Thomas Jefferson- Strict

30
Q

Who were the leaders of the Federalist Party?

A

Alexander Hamilton and John Adams

31
Q

Who were the leaders of the Democratic-Republican party?

A

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

32
Q

Did Federalists believe in a strong or weak central gov?

A

Strong

33
Q

Did Demo-Republicans believe in a strong or weak central gov?

A

weak

34
Q

The federalists foreign policy was pro…

A

British

35
Q

The demo-republican’s foreign policy was pro…

A

French

36
Q

Did the federalists want a large or small peacetime military?

A

Large

37
Q

Did the Demo-republicans want a large or small peacetime army?

A

small

38
Q

What type of ppl mainly supported the federalists?

A

Northern businessmen

Large Landowners

39
Q

What type of ppl mainly supported the Democratic-Republicans?

A

Small farmers
skilled workers
plantation owners

40
Q

What did Jay’s Treaty do?

A
  • made it so that GB would pay damages on seized US ships
  • so that they gave up their forts in the NW territory
  • the US agreed to pay their debt to Britain
41
Q

Why was Jay’s Treaty unpopular?

A

-ppl thought it would hurt trade and didn’t punish GB enough

Washington didin’t even like it

42
Q

Why did the US make Jay’s Treaty? (What were the British doing?)

A

-Britain was seizing neutral ships
-They were helping the natives fight US settlers
Washington responded by sending John Jay to London…
GB knew that the US lacked a strong army and navy to fight them, but they didn’t want a war either.

43
Q

Why was Pinckney’s Treaty formed? (What did Spain do and why did it hurt the US?)

A

Pinckney’s Treaty was formed bc there was a border dispute between the US and Spain that caused Spain to close the border. This hurt the US economy bc all goods moving down the Mississippi R. had to pass through New Orleans.

44
Q

What did the US ask for in Pinckney’s Treaty?

A
  • asked for NOLA to be reopened for US trade

- US goods to pass though NOLA w/out cargo fees

45
Q

What was the outcome of Pinckney’s Treaty?

A

The border dispute was settled and agreed to recognize the border as 31 degrees N Latitude.

46
Q

Who met with the Spanish in Pinckney’s Treaty?

A

Thomas Pinckney

47
Q

What were the circumstances of the Treaty of Greenville?

A

Little Turtle (chief of the Miami (Ohio) Indians attacked a supply train near the fort. Gen. Wayne responded by burning the Indians crops. Little Turtle realized that GB wasn’t going to help them and moved toward peace. Natives fought Wayne’s troops in the Battle of Fallen Timbers and lost. The Treaty of Greenville gave US claim to most Indian lands in the NW territory and protection for citizens already living there. The Native Americans received $20,000 in goods and guarantee of the lands they still had.

48
Q

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Greenville?

A

Gave US claim to most Indian lands in the NW territory and protection for citizens already living there. In exchange, the Native Americans received $20,000 in goods and a guarantee of the lands they still held.

49
Q

Who built Fort Greenville?

A

General Anthony Wayne

(mad)

50
Q

Who was Little Turtle?

A

Cheif Little Turtle was cheif of the Miami (Ohio) Indians.

51
Q

What did Washington warn against in his farewell speech? (4 things, two important ones)

A

Washington warned against forming perminant ties with other countries because choosing sides could draw the US into war.

  • also thought that political party disagreements could weaken the government.
  • he didn’t want the US to get further in debt by borrowing money
  • insisted on a peaceful transition between presidents to keep the constitution viable.
52
Q

Describe John Adams when he was president.

A

Short and a bit pudgy, outspoken, got angry easily (would often throw his wig on the floor)
BUT….
he was honest, intelligent, and did what he believed was right despite the consequences.

(He was the first president to live in the White House)

53
Q

Where is the government house moved from?

A

From New York to the newly built Washington DC.

All of Washington city was built by slave labor

54
Q

Describe the XYZ Affair.

A

The French were seizing American ships in the West Indies making the American ppl want war w/ the French. Bc of this, Adams sent diplomats to France to discuss the issue. The three officials attempted to bribe America, wanting money for stopping seizure of American ships. AMERICA WAS FURIOUS! The three officials became known as X, Y, and Z to hide their identities in Federal documents. America built up their defenses but never declared war. Bc of this the French backed down.

55
Q

Why was America angry at the French involving the X, Y, Z Affair?

A

Bc they had tried to bribe the US in order to stop seizing US ships.

56
Q

Why did the Federalist party (Hamilton & Adams) split?

A

Hamilton thought Adams should’ve declared war with the French and he led a campaign against Adams.

57
Q

What was the Alien Act?

A
  • The Alien Act said that the President could expel any foreigner thought to be dangerous to the country.
  • It made it take longer (14 years) for a noncitizen to become a citizen
  • made it so that ppl who were Democratic-Republicans (most immigrants) couldn’t vote.
58
Q

What were the Sedition Acts?

A
  • Citizens could be jailed for critizing the government.

- (made it so that newspaper writers could be jailed for speaking out)

59
Q

What were the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions?

A

Kentucky and Virginia passed resolutions to the Alien and Sedition acts, but they ended up not being important because the Alien and Sedition acts ended up not being enforced due to public outcry.

60
Q

Who did the Alien and Sedition Acts target?

A

French Americans and immigrants. (Demo-Republicans)

61
Q

How did the Alien and Sedition Acts violate the constitution?

A

It went against your right to freedom of speech because you could be jailed just for speaking negatively about the gov.

62
Q

How was the French Revolution involved w/ Washington and the beginning of the US?

A

The French were having their own revolution and wanted help bc they had allied with America during the American Revolution. Washington responded with the neutrality proclamtion saying that the US would remain neutral. Hamilton supported Washington.
-The US didn’t have a strong enough military to fight anyway

63
Q

Did Thomas Jefferson support or oppose the Neutrality Proclamtion?

A

OPPOSED IT - wanted to help the French

64
Q

What party did Alexander Hamilton help found?

A

Federalist party

65
Q

(BLANK) defeated John Adams as president in the election of 1800.

A

Thomas Jefferson

66
Q

What was the purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts?

A

Federalists wanted to protect the US from treasonous ideas, actions, and people.

67
Q

Who finally had to decide the election of 1800?

A

The House of Representatives Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr had tied.

68
Q

Who was given command of the US army at Fort Greenville?

A

Anthony Wayne

69
Q

Who led Miami Indians against the Americans in the Battle of Fallen Timbers?

A

Cheif Little Turtle

70
Q

Who was giving weapons to Native Americans in the NW territory?

A

The British

8th Grade SS (7 decks)

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