Latin Vocabulary Flashcards
abdo, abdere, abdidi, abditus
hide
absens, absentis
absent
abstineo, abstinere, abstinui, abstentus
keep away from, abstain
accusatio, accusationis, f
accusation
acerbus, acerba, acerbum
bitter, harsh, severe
acuo, acuere, acui, acutus
sharpen, spur on
acutus, acuta, acutum
sharp, pointed, shrill, keen
adhibeo, adhibere, adhibui, adhibitus
apply, make use of, bring in, summon
adimo, adimere, ademi, ademptus
take away (from + dative)
adipiscor, adipisci, adeptus sum
Obtain, get, reach
aditus, aditus, m
approach, entrance, admittance
administro, administrare, administravi, administratus
manage
admiror, admirari, admiratus sum
wonder at, admire, be surprised at
admiratio, admirationis, f
admiration, surprise, astonishment
admitto, admittere, admisi, admissus
admit, allow
admoneo, admonere, admonui, admonitus
warn, advise, remind
adorior, adoriri, adortus sum
attack, address, rise up
adulescentulus, adulescentuli, m
young man
adversarius, adversaria, adversarium
opposed to, opponent, enemy
aeger, aegra, aegrum
sick, ill, troubled
aegre
with difficulty, with regret, with pain
aequalis, aequalis, aequale
Equal, level, even, contemporary
aequo, aequare, aequavi, aequatus
equalise, make level, compare
aequitas, aequitatis, f
Calmness, evenness, uniformity, fairness
aequor, aequoris, n
Level surface, plain, sea
aer, aeris, m
air
aes alienum, aeris alieni, n
debt
aestimo, aestimare, aestimavi, aestimatus
Value, assess, estimate
aevum, aevi, n
age, time, life-time, eternity
afficio, afficere, affeci, affectus
Influence, affect, endow with
affirmo, affirmare, affirmavi, affirmatus
Confirm, declare
affligo, affligere, afflixi, afflictus
Knock down, knock against, crush
aggredior, aggredi, aggressus sum
approach, attack, undertake
agito, agitare, agitavi, agitatus
put in motion, drive, spur on, disturb, consider
alacer, alacris, alacre
Lively, brisk, spirited, cheerful
albus, alba, album
white
alo, alere, alui, alitus/altus
feed, nourish, rear
ambitio, ambitionis, f
striving for favour, ambition
ambitus, ambitus, m
bribery
amentia, amentiae, f
madness, folly
amnis, amnis, m
stream, river
amplitudo, amplitudinis, f
width, size, grandeur, importance
anceps, ancipitis
twofold, uncertain, doubtful, risky
ancora, ancorae, f
anchor
angustiae, angustiarum, f pl
strait, defile, limit
angustus, angusta, angustum
narrow, limited
anima, animae, f
air, wind, breath, life, soul
anulus, anuli, m
ring
appeto, appetere, appetii/appetivi, appetitus
make for, crave for, try to reach
aptus, apta, aptum
fitting, suitable, appropriate
aquila, aquilae, f
eagle, standard
aro, arare, aravi, aratus
plough
arceo, arcere, arcui
keep off
arcus, arcus, m
bow, arch
ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsus
burn, be on fire, be eager
arduus, ardua, arduum
lofty, steel, difficult, laborious
arena, arenae, f
sand, arena, amphitheatre
arguo, arguere, argui, argutus
Declare, prove, accuse
aridus, arida, aridum
Dry, parched
artifex, artificis, m
Skilful, ingenious, craftsman, artist
artificium, artificii, n
Workmanship, work of art, dexterity
asper, aspera, asperum
Rough, uneven, harsh, savage
aspicio, aspicere, aspexi, aspectus
Look at, inspect
asporto, asportare, asportavi, asportatus
carry away
assequor, assequi, assecutus sum
follow after, overtake, gain, comprehend
assiduus, assidua, assiduum
Incessant, persistent
At
But
Atrium, atrii, n
Hall
atrox, atrocis
Horrible, fierce, savage
auctor, auctoris, m
Author, writer, instigator, authority
aura, aurae, f
Breeze, wind
auris, auris, f
Ear
avaritia, avaritiae, f
Greed
averto, avertere, averti, aversus
Avert, divert
avidus, avida, avidum
Greedy, desirous, eager
avus, avi, m
Grandfather, ancestor
balneum, balnei, n
bath
bello, bellare, bellavi, bellatus
wage war
benevolentia, benevolentiae, f
goodwill, kindness
bracchium, bracchii, n
arm
caecus, caeca, caecum
Blind, hidden
calamitas, calamitatis, f
Damage, loss, disaster
calamitosus, calamitosa, calamitosum
disastrous, destructive
calidus, calida, calidum
Warm, hot, impetuous, prompt
candidus, candida, candidum
dazzling white, gleaming, clear, serene, frank, candid
cano, canere, cecini, cantus
sing, play an instrument, predict
canto, cantare, cantavi, cantatus
Sing, play
capillus, capilli, m
Hair
captivus, captivi, m
Captive, prisoner
carcer, carceris, m
Prison
carmen, carminis, n
Song, poem, prophecy
carpo, carpere, carpsi, carptus
Pluck, gather
caveo, cavere, cavi, cautus
beware, guard against
cavus, cava, cavum
Hollow
celebro, celebrare, celebravi, celebratus
attend, fill, honour, do frequently
celeber, celebris, celebre
crowded, frequented, famous
certamen, certaminis, n
contest, rivalry, combat
certo, certare, certavi, certatus
contend, compete
cervix, cervicis, f
Neck
cesso, cessare, cessavi, cessatus
be inactive, be idle
cinis, cineris, m/f
ash
cingo, cingere, cinxi, cinctus
surround, encircle
circiter + acc
about, near
circumdo, circumdare, circumdedi, circumdatus
set round, encircle, surround
cito, citare, citavi, citatus
hurry, excite, summon, put into swift motion
cito, citare, citavi, citatum
swift, rapid, quick
citra + acc
on this side, short of
citerior, citerius
on this side, nearer
civilis, civilis, civile
civic, civil, courteous, gracious
cliens, clientis, m
client
coerceo, coercere, coercui, coercitus
enclose, confine, restrain
coicio, coicere, coieci, coiectus
throw together, fling, conjecture
collega, collegae, m
colleague, associate
colligo, colligere, collegi, collectus
Pick up, gather, collect
collum, colli, n
neck
colloco, collocare, collocavi, collocatus
station, arrange, establish, place together
color, coloris, m
colour, complexion
coma, comae, f
Hair, foliage
commemoro, commemorare, commemoravi, commemoratus
mention, recount, recall
commendo, commendare, commendavi, commendatus
Entrust, reccomend
communico, communicare, communicavi, communicatus
Share, communicate with
comperio, comperire, comperi, compertus
find out ,ascertain, comprehend
complector, complecti, complexus sum
compose, place
compono, componere, composui, compositus
gather, settle, arrange
comprehendo, comprehendere, comprehendi, comprehensus
grasp, seize, comprehend, include
concido, concidere, concidi
Fall, collapse, perish
concilio, conciliare, conciliavi, conciliatus
Unite, win over, bring together
concilium, concilii, n
Meeting, assembly, council
concito, concitare, concitavi, concitatus
stir up, excite, urge
concursus, concursus, m
running together, assembly, collision, rush, charge
condemno, condemnare, condemnavi, condemnatus
condemn
condo, condere, condidi, conditus
found, establish, hide
condicio, condicionis, f
Condition, agreement, arrangement, rank
confido, confidere, confisus sum + dat
have complete trust, feel confidence
confiteor, confiteri, confessus sum
admit, confess
confugio, confugere, confugi
Flee for refuge
conquiro, conquirere, conquisii/conquisivi, conquisitus
seek out, search thoroughly for
conscientia, conscientiae, f
Knowledge, consciousness, conscience
conscius, conscia, conscium
sharing in knowledge, partner, accomplice
consecro, consecrare, consecravi, consecratus
dedicate, consecrate
consentio, consentire, consensi, consensus
agree, conspire
consero, conserere, conserui, consertus
fasten together, connect
conservo, conservare, conservavi, conservatus
Guard closely, keep from harm
consido, considere, consedi, consessus
sit down, settle down, establish oneself
conspectus, conspectus, m
sight, view
conspicio, conspicere, conspexi, conspectus
Catch sight of
conspicuus, conspicua, conspicuum
Visible, remarkable, distinguished
consuesco, consuescere, consuevi, consuetus
become accustomed
consuetudo, consuetudinis, f
Custom, habit
consumo, consumere, consumpsi, consumptus
Use up, consume, devour
contentio, contentionis, f
struggle, dispute, exertion, effort
contentus, contenta, contentum
contented, satisfied
contingo, contingere, contigi, contactus
touch, affect, happen
continuus, continua, continuum
unbroken, continuous
contio, contionis, f
meeting, speech
contumelia, contumeliae, f
Insult, abuse
conventus, conventus, m
Assembly, gathering
converto, convertere, converti, conversus
Turn completely, transform
convoco, convocare, convocavi, convocatus
Call together
cor, cordis, n
Heart, mind
cornu, cornus, n
Horn, trumpet, wing of an army
corripio, corripere, corripui, correptus
Seize, snatch up
corrumpo, corrumpere, corrupi, corruptus
Burst, destroy, corrupt, ruin
cotidianus, cotidiana, cotidianum
Daily
crastinus, crastina, crastinum
Of tomorrow
creo, creare, creavi, creatus
Create, produce, bear, elect
creber, crebra, crebrum
Frequent, crowded
cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus
Arise, increase
crus, cruris, n
Let
cubiculum, cubiculi, n
Bedroom
culpa, culpae, f
Blame, fault
culpo, culpare, culpavi, culpatus
Blame
cultus, cultus, m
Care, worship, dress, education, refinement
cupido, cupidinis, f
Desire, lust, longing
cupidus, cupida, cupidum
Desirous, eager
curia, curiae, f
Senate-house
currus, currus, m
Chariot
cursus, cursus, m
Course, direction, speed
damno, damnare, damnavi, damnatus
Harm, damage, condemn
damnum, damni, n
Loss, damage, defect
declaro, declarare, declaravi, declaratus
Declare, reveal
dedo, dedere, dedidi, deditus
Give up, surrender, yield
deditio, deditionis, f
Surrender
defensio, defensionis, f
Defending, defence
defensor, defensoris, m
Guardian, protector
deficio, deficere, defeci, defectus
Fail, grow weak, run short
delectatio, delectationis, f
Delight, pleasure, charm
deliciae, deliciarum, f pl
Delights, allurements, pet, favourite
deligo, deligere, delegi, delectus
Choose, gather
demens, dementis
Mindless, insane, mad
demo, demere, dempsi, demptus
Take away
demolior, demoliri, demolitus sum
Pull down, demolish
demum
At last, precisely
desero, deserere, deserui, desertus
Abandon, forsake
designo, designare, designavi, designatus
Indicate, elect, choose
desino, desinere, desii/desivi, desitus
Cease, leave off
despero, desperare, desperavi, desperatus
Despair
despicio, despicere, despexi, despectus
Look down on, despise
deterreo, deterrere, deterrui, deterritus
Deter, frighten away
detrimentum, detrimenti, n
Damage, loss, defeat
devoro, devorare, devoravi, devoratus
Devour, consume, squander
differo, differre, distuli, dilatus
Spread, scatter, disperse, display, differ, publish
digitus, digiti, m
Finger
diligo, diligere, dilexi, dilectus
Love, esteem
dimico, dimicare, dimicavi/dimicui, dimicatus
Fight, struggle
dimidium, dimidii, n
Half
disciplina, disciplinae, f
Learning, discipline, training, custom, knowledge
discrimen, discriminis, n
Crisis, danger, risk, distinction
disputo, disputare, disputavi, disputatus
Discuss, examine
dissolvo, dissolvere, dissolvi, dissolutus
Break up, release, pay
distribuo, distribuere, distribui, distributus
Distribute
diutinus, diutina, diutinum
Long-lasting
diversus, diversa, diversum
Separate, different, opposite, opposed
divido, dividere, divisi, divisus
Divide, distribute
dolus, doli, m
Trickery, fraud, guile, stratagem
domo, domare, domui, domitus
Tame, subdue
domesticus, domestica, domesticum
Domestic, of the house
donec
Until, while, so long as
duro, durare, duravi, duratus
Last, harden
effero, efferre, extuli, elatus
Bring forth, carry out, divulge
edo, edere, edidi, editus
Produce, proclaim, publish, give birth to
egeo, egere, egui + abl
Lack, need, be without
elephantus, elephanti, m
Elephant
eludo, eludere, elusi, elusus
Outplay, outmanoeuvre, mock, baffle, foil
epulae, epularum, f pl
Banquet
epulor, epulari, epulatus sum
Attend a banquet, eat
equester, equestris, equestre
Of a horseman, of cavalry, of the equestrian rank
ergo
Therefore
erigo, erigere, erexi, erectus
Raise up, encourage, excite
eruditus, erudita, eruditum
Learned, educated, trained
erumpo, erumpere, erupi, eruptus
Burst out, sally forth
eruptio, eruptionis, f
Bursting forth, sally
evenio, evenire, eveni, eventus
Come out, happen, turn out
eventus, eventus, m
result, event, accident, occurrence
excelsus, excelsa, excelsum
Lofty, high, elevated
excutio, excutere, excussi, excussus
Shake out, shake off, get rid of, banish
exemplum, exempli, n
Example, warning
exerceo, exercere, exercui, exercitus
Train, exercise
exhaurio, exhaurire, exhausi, exhaustus
Use up, drain dry, exhaust
exiguus, exigua, exiguum
Small, meagre, scanty
exilium/exsilium, exilii/exsilii, n
Exile, banishment
existimatio, existimationis, f
Opinion, reputation
exitus, exitus, m
Departure, end, conclusion, result
experior, experiri, expertus sum
Try, test
expleo, explere, explevi, expletus
Fill, complete
expono, exponere, exposui, expositus
Set forth, display
exsequor, exsequi, exsecutus sum
Follow up
exsisto, exsistere, exstiti, exstitus
Exist, appear
exstinguo, exstinguere, exstinxi, exstinctus
Put out, destroy
fabula, fabulae, f
Story, play
facies, faciei, f
Shape, appearance, face, character
factum, facti, n
Deed
fallax, fallacis
Deceitful, treacherous, deceptive
fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsus
Deceive, trick, disappoint
falsus, falsa, falsum
Wrong, mistaken, fictitious
fames, famis, f
Hunger
fas, indeclinable
Divine law, right
fateor, fateri, fassus sum
Admit, reveal
fatigo, fatigare, fatigavi, fatigatus
Weary, exhaust
faveo, favere, favi, fautus + dat
Favour, support
fax, facis, f
Torch
fera, ferae, f
Wild beast
ferus, fera, ferum
Wild, savage, uncivilised
festus, festa, festum
Festal
figo, figere, fixi, fixus
Fix, fasten
figura, figurae, f
Shape, form (noun)
fingo, fingere, finxi, fictus
shape, form (verb)
firmo, firmare, firmavi, firmatus
Strengthen, confirm, encourage
firmus, firma, firmum
Firm, powerful, strong
flagito, flagitare, flagitavi, flagitatus
Demand
flamma, flammae, f
Flame, fire
flecto, flectere, flexi, flexus
Turn, direct, bend
fleo, flere, flevi, fletus
Weep, lament
floreo, florere, florui
Flourish, prosper
flos, floris, m
Flower, bloom, glory
fluctus, fluctus, m
Wave
fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluctus
flow
fluvius, fluvii, m
River, stream
foedus, foeda, foedum
Foul, horrible, disgusting
fons, fontis, m
Spring, fountain, source
foris
Out of doors, abroad
forma, formae, f
Form, shape, beauty
formosus, formosa, formosum
Beautiful, handsome
forsitan
Perhaps
fraus, fraudis, f
Trickery, fraud, harm
fremitus, fremitus, m
Roaring, din
frena, frenorum, n pl
Reins, bridle, restraint
frequens, frequentis
Frequent, repeated, crowded
fretum, freti, n
Straits
fretus, freta, fretum + abl
Relying on
frigidus, frigida, frigidum
Cold
frigus, frigoris, n
Cold, coolness
fruor, frui, fructus/fruitus sum + abl
Enjoy, delight in
fundo, fundere, fudi, fusus
Pour
fungor, fungi, functus sum + acc/abl
Perform
funus, funeris, n
Burial, funeral, death
furor, furoris, m
Fury, madness
furtum, furti, n
Theft, robbery
gemma, gemmae, f
Jewel, gem
gemo, gemere, gemui, gemitus
Groan, sigh
gemitus, gemitus, m
Groan, sigh
gens, gentis, f
Race, clan, people
genus, generis, n
Kind, family, race, birth
gladiator, gladiatoris, m
Gladiator
glorior, gloriari, gloriatus sum
Boast
gracilis, gracilis, gracile
Slender, slim, plain, meagre
gradus, gradus, m
Step, pace
grandis, grandis, grande
Tall, grown-up, large, important, grand
gratiosus, gratiosa, gratiosum
Popular
gratulatio, gratulationis, f
Rejoicing, congratulation
gravitas, gravitatis, f
Weight, influence, seriousness, dignity, importance
grex, gregis, m
Flock, herd, troop
guberno, gubernare, gubernavi, gubernatus
Steer, navigate
haereo, haerere, haesi, haesus
Stick, cling, hold fast, be fixed
hasta, hastae, f
Spear, javelin
hereditas, hereditatis, f
Inheritance
heres, heredis, m/f
Heir, heiress
hesternus, hesterna, hesternum
Of yesterday
hodiernus, hodierna, hodiernum
Of today, modern
horrendus, horrenda, horrendum
Dreadful, terrible, awesome
horreo, horrere, horrui
Shudder, shrink from, bristle
horridus, horrida, horridum
Frightening, rough, uncouth, wild, bristling
hostia, hostiae, f
Sacrificial victim
humilis, humilis, humile
Humble, low, mean
ideo
For that reason, therefore
ignarus, ignara, ignarum
Ignorant, unaware
ignotus, ignota, ignotum
Unknown, obscure
illustris, illustris, illustre
Famous, distinguished, clear, plain
imber, imbris, m
Rain
imitor, imitari, imitatus sum
Imitate, copy
immanis, immanis, immane
Enormous, monstrous
immineo, imminere
Threaten, hang over
impedimentum, impedimenti, n
Hindrance, baggage
impello, impellere, impuli, impulsus
Set in motion, urge on, push
imperitus, imperita, imperitum
Inexperienced, unskilled
impetro, impetrare, impetravi, impetratus
Obtain, accomplish
impiger, impigra, impigrum
Active, energetic
impius, impia, impium
Undutiful, impious, disloyal, unpatriotic
impono, imponere, imposui, impositus
Place upon
improbus, improba, improbum
Bad, perverse, shameless
improvisus, improvisa, improvisum
Unforeseen, unexpected
inanis, inanis, inane
Empty, worthless, poor
incertus, incerta, incertum
Uncertain, doubtful
incido, incidere, incidi, incisus
Cut into, inscribe
incito, incitare, incitavi, incitatus
Rouse, stir up, urge forward
incola, incolae, m/f
Inhabitant
incolo, incolere, incolui
Inhabit
incolumis, incolumis, incolume
Unharmed, safe
incommodum, incommodi, n
Inconvenience, trouble, disadvantage, disaster
indignus, indigna, indignum
Unworthy, undeserving
induo, induere, indui, indutus
Put on, assume
industria, industriae, f
Diligence, hard work
ineo, inire, inii/inivi, initus
Enter, begin
inferior, inferius
Lower, later, inferior
infra + acc
Below
infimus, infima, infimum
Lowest
infestus, infesta, infestum
Hostile, threatening, unsafe
infirmus, infirma, infirmum
Weak, feeble, worthless
ingratus, ingrata, ingratum
Ungrateful, unwelcome, unpleasant
innocens, innocentis
Innocent, blameless, harmless
inopinatus, inopinata, inopinatum
Unexpected
inscius, inscia, inscium
Not knowing, ignorant, unaware
insequor, insequi, insecutus sum
Follow, pursue, reproach
insidiae, insidiarum, f pl
Ambush, plot, artifice
insignis, insignis, insigne
Distinguished, conspicuous
institutum, instituti, n
Regulation, agreement, arrangement, established customs
insto, instare, institi
threaten, press on; stand in/on
instruo, instruere, instruxi, instructus
Draw up, equip, furnish
integer, integra, integrum
Entire, unharmed, intact, blameless, honest
intendo, intendere, intendi, intentus/intensus
stretch, strain, aim at, direct
interdum
Occasionally
interior, interius
Inner, deeper, interior, more hidden
intimus, intima, intimum
Inmost, innermost, most secret, most intimate
intereo, interire, interii, interitus
Pass away, perish
intueor, intueri, intuitus sum
Gaze upon, consider
invideo, invidere, invidi, invisus + dat
envy, begrudge
iugum, iugi, n
Yoke, ridge
iumentum, iumenti, n
Beast of burden
iungo, iungere, iunxi, iunctus
Join, unite, yoke
iuro, iurare, iuravi, iuratus
Swear
iuventus, iuventutis, f
Youth
iuvo, iuvare, iuvi, iutus
Help, delight, please
lacesso, lacessere, lacessii/lacessivi, lacessitus
Provoke, challenge
lacus, lacus, m
Lake
laedo, laedere, laesi, laesus
Hurt, harm
laetor, laetari, laetatus sum
Rejoice
languidus, languida, languidum
Faint, weak, listless
lapis, lapidis, m
Stone
largitio, largitionis, f
Generosity, bribery, corruption
lassus, lassa, lassum
Tired, exhausted
latebrae, latebrarum, f pl
Hiding-place
lateo, latere, latui
Lie hidden
lenis, lenis, lene
Smooth, soft, mild, gentle, moderate
lentus, lenta, lentum
Slow, sluggish, tenacious
liberalitas, liberalitatis, f
Kindness, generosity, courteousness
liberi, liberorum, m pl
Children
lignum, ligni, n
Wood
littera, litterae, f
Letter
litus, litoris, n
Shore
loco, locare, locavi, locatus
Place, put
locuples, locupletis
Rich, wealthy
longinquus, longinqua, longinquum
Far off, remote, long-lasting
luceo, lucere, luxi
Shine, be light
lucidus, lucida, lucidum
Clear, bright, shining
lumen, luminis, n
Light, daylight
luxuria, luxuriae, f
Excess, extravagance
maestus, maesta, maestum
Sad, sorrowful
magnificus, magnifica, magnificum
Splendid, grand
maritimus, maritima, maritimum
Maritime, seafaring, of the sea
maritus, mariti, m
Husband
marmor, marmoris, n
Marble
materia, materiae, f
Matter, theme, subject
maturo, maturare, maturavi, maturatus
Ripen, hasten
maturus, matura, maturum
Ripe, mature, seasonable, early, quick
medicus, medici, m
Doctor, medical
mediocris, mediocris, mediocre
Moderate, ordinary, average
mentior, mentiri, mentitus sum
Lie (like Odysseus does. Deceive, not lie down. Though he does do a lot of that too)
merces, mercedis, f
Pay, recompense, reward
mereo, merere, merui, meritus
Deserve, acquire, earn
meritum, meriti, n
Kindness, service, benefit
merito
Deservedly
meridies, meridiei, m
Midday, south
militia, militiae, f
Military service, warfare
minae, minarum, f pl
Threats, menaces
minor, minari, minatus sum
Threaten, menace
minuo, minuere, minui, minutum
Lesson, reduce, weaken, modify
mirificus, mirifica, mirificum
Wonderful, extraordinary
misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtus/mistus
Mix, mingle
misericordia, misericordiae, f
Pity, compassion, mercy
modestus, modesta, modestum
Moderate, restrained, well-behaved, modest
modicus, modica, modicum
Moderate, ordinary
moles, molis, f
Huge mass, massive structure, pier, burden, difficulty
molestia, molestiae, f
Trouble, annoyance, worry
molestus, molesta, molestum
Troublesome, annoying, burdensome
molior, moliri, molitus sum
Exert oneself, make an effort
mollis, mollis, molle
Soft, flexible, calm, gentle, sensitive
monstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus
Show, point out
mora, morae, f
Delay, hindrance
moror, morari, moratus sum
Delay, linger, stay
mordeo, mordere, momordi, morsus
Bite
motus, motus, m
Motion, impulse, commotion, rebellion
mundus, mundi, m
World, Earth, universe
munio, munire, munii/munivi, munitus
Fortify, defend
nanciscor, nancisci, nactus/nanctus sum
Obtain, find
nefandus, nefanda, nefandum
Wrong, sinful, unspeakable
nefarius, nefaria, nefarium
sin, crime against divine law, wickedness
nefas, indeclinable
Wrong, sinful, unspeakable
nemus, nemoris, n
Grove
nepos, nepotis, m
Grandson, nephew
nequeo nequire nequii/nequivi nequitus
Be unable
neuter, neutra, neutrum
Neither of two
niger, nigra, nigrum
Black, dark
nimbus, nimbi, m
Cloud, storm-cloud, storm
niteo, nitere, nitui
Shine
nix, nivis, f
Snow
noceo, nocere, nocui, nocitus + dat
Hurt, harm, injure
nubes, nubis, f
Cloud
nubo, nubere, nupsi, nuptus + dat
Marry
nudo, nudare, nudavi, nudatus
Bare, expose, uncover
nudus, nuda, nudum
Bare, naked, destitute, needy, unadorned
numen, numinis, n
Divine power, deity, divine will, consent
numero, numerare, numeravi, numeratus
Count, reckon, consider
nummus, nummi, m
Coin, money
obicio, obicere, obieci, obiectus
Present, throw in the way
obeo, obire, obii/obivi, obitus
Meet, go to meet, die, perish
obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus sum
Forget
obruo, obruere, obrui, obrutus
Overwhelm, destroy
obscurus, obscura, obscurum
Dark, gloomy, obscure, covered
obsideo, obsidere, obsedi, obsessus
Blockade, besiege
obstruo, obstruere, obstruxi, obstructus
Block up
occulto, occultare, occultavi, occultatus
Hide, conceal
occurro, occurrere, occurri/occucurri, occursus + dat
Hasten to, meet, occur
odiosus, odiosa, odiosum
Hateful, odious, annoying
offendo, offendere, offendi, offensus
Offend, strike against
offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus
Present, show, offer
omen, ominis, n
Omen, sign
onerarius, oneraria, onerarium
For carrying freight/burdens
onerosus, onerosa, onerosum
Burdensome, heavy, oppressive
operio, operire, operui, opertus
Cover, conceal, overwhelm
opinor, opinari, opinatus sum
Suppose, imagine, conjecture
opportunus, opportuna, opportunum
Convenient, suitable, advantageous
ops, opis, f
Power, help
opes, opum, f pl
Resources, wealth
opto, optare, optavi, optatus
Choose, desire, wish for
ora, orae, f
Border, edge, district, region, coast
oriens, orientis, m
East, morning
orior, oriri, ortus sum
Rise
os, ossis, n
Bone
ovis, ovis, f
Sheep
pabulor, pabulari, pabulatus sum
Forage
pabulum, pabuli, n
Food, fodder
paco, pacare, pacavi, pacatus
Pacify
pactum, pacti, n
Agreement, contract
pagus, pagi, m
Village, country-district
palus, paludis, f
Marsh, swamp
panis, panis, m
Bread
pariter
Equally, simultaneously
partim
Partly, in part
passus, passus, m
Step, pace
paternus, paterna, paternum
Paternal, of a father
patres conscripti, patrum conscriptorum, m pl
Senators
patrius, patria, patrium
Hereditary
patronus, patroni, m
Defender, advocate, protector, patron
paveo, pavere, pavi
Quake, tremble, be in a panic
pavor, pavoris, m
Panic, terror, quaking, dismay
pecus, pecoris, n
Herd, flock, cattle, sheep
pendeo, pendere, pependi
Hang, be suspended, depend on
pergo, pergere, perrexi, perrectus
Go straight on, continue, proceed
peritus, perita, peritum
Experienced, skilled
permaneo, permanere, permansi, permansus
Continue, stay, endure
permitto, permittere, permisi, permissus
Allow, concede, relinquish
pernicies, perniciei, f
Destruction, ruin
perpetuus, perpetua, perpetuum
Perpetual, unbroken, continuous
persequor, persequi, persecutus sum
Follow through, pursue, prosecute
perspicio, perspicere, perspexi, perspectus
Look closely at, examine, see through
pertimesco, pertimescere, pertimui
Become very frightened
perturbo, perturbare, perturbavi, perturbatus
Throw into confusion
pestis, pestis, f
Destruction, plague, ruin, sickness
philosophus, philosophi, m
Philosopher
pietas, pietatis, f
Piety
pius, pia, pium
Pious, dutiful, holy
piger, pigra, pigrum
Unwilling, lingering, sluggish
pilum, pili, n
Javelin
pingo, pingere, pinxi, pictus
Paint, decorate, embroider
piscis, piscis, m
Fish
placo, placare, placavi, placatus
Calm, appease
placidus, placida, placidum
Calm, gentle, tranquil
planus, plana, planum
Level, flat/plain, clear
plerusque, pleraque, plerumque
Most
pluit, pluere, pluit
It rains
poculum, poculi, n
Cup, goblet
pondus, ponderis, n
Weight
pons, pontis, m
Bridge
pontifex, pontificis, m
High-priest
pontus, ponti, m
Sea
populor, populari, populatus sum
Lay waste, devastate, destroy
porro
Moreover, next
porticus, porticus, f
Colonnade, portico
possideo, possidere, possedi, possessus
Possess
posterior, posterius
Next, later
potens, potentis
Powerful, capable
potentia, potentiae, f
Force, power, strength
potior, potiri, potitus sum
Gain possession of
potissimum
Especially
potius
More, rather
praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitus
Present, show, offer
praeceptum, praecepti, n
Maxim, rule, injunction
praecipio, praecipere, praecepi, praeceptus
Direct, teach, warm, anticipate
praecipito, praecipitare, praecipitavi, praecipitatus
throw/fall headlong
praecipuus, praecipua, praecipuum
Especial, extraordinary, distinguished
praedico, praedicare, praedicavi, praedicatus
Proclaim, declare, commend, vaunt
praefectus, praefecti, m
Commander, officer, prefect
praesertim
Especially
praestans, praestantis
Eminent, surpassing, extraordinary
praesum, praeesse, praefui + dat
Be in charge of
praetura, praeturae, f
Praetorship
principatus, principatus, m
First place, chief place, reign, rule
principium, principii, n
Beginning, origin
principia, principiorum, n pl
Headquarters
privatim
Privately, at home
probrum, probri, n
Abuse, invective, shameful action
probus, proba, probum
Proper, excellent, virtuous
profiteor, profiteri, professus sum
Declare, acknowledge
promo, promere, prompsi/promsi, promptus
Bring forth, disclose
promptus, prompta, promptum
Ready, prompt, resolute
propero, properare, properavi, properatus
Hurry
proprius, propria, proprium
One’s own, personal
prosperus, prospera, prosperum
Favourable
prospicio, prospicere, prospexi, prospectus
Look forwards, look out for
prosum, prodesse, profui + dat
Be useful, do good
protinus
Continuously, forthwith
provideo, providere, providi, provisus
Foresee
prudens, prudentis
Sensible, prudent, experienced
prudentia, prudentiae, f
Good sense, sound judgement, knowledge
pulvis, pulveris, m
Dust
purus, pura, purum
Clean, clear, pure
quaestio, quaestionis f
Inquiry, investigation, court
queror, queri, questus sum
Complain
quiesco, quiescere, quievi, quietus
Rest, sleep
quietus, quieta, quietum
Peaceful, calm
ramus, rami, m
Branch
rapax, rapacis
grasping, greedy
rapidus, rapida, rapidum
Impetuous, snatching, seizing
rarus, rara, rarum
Thin, rare, infrequent
ratis, ratis, f
Raft, boat
recedo, recedere, recessi, recessus
Withdraw, retreat, retire
recito, recitare, recitavi, recitatus
Read aloud
recupero, recuperare, recuperavi, recuperatus
Recover, regain
recuso, recusare, recusavi, recusatus
Refuse
reficio, reficere, refeci, refectus
Restore, repair, refresh
regio, regionis, f
Region, district
regius, regia, regium
Royal
reicio, reicere, reieci, reiectus
Fling back/off, reject
religiosus, religiosa, religiosum
Pious, conscientious
removeo, removere, removi, remotus
Move back, withdraw
remus, remi, m
Oar
renovo, renovare, renovavi, renovatus
Renew, restore, repair
repente
Suddenly, unexpectedly
repentinus, repentina, repentinum
Sudden, unexpected, hasty
repudio, repudiare, repudiavi, repudiatus
Reject, repudiate, refuse, scorn
requies, requietis, f
Rest, relaxation
requiro, requirere, requisii/requisivi, requisitus
Seek, inquire after, require
reor, reri, ratus sum
Think, reckon
res familiaris, rerum familiarum, f pl
Property, possessions
reservo, reservare, reservavi, reservatus
Reserve, keep back
resisto, resistere, restiti
Resist (+ dative), come to a halt
respicio, respicere, respexi, respectus
Look back at, be mindful of
responsum, responsi, n
Answer, reply
restituo, restituere, restitui, restitutus
Restore
robur, roboris, n
Oak, strength, vigour
rogatio, rogationis, f
Proposed law
rota, rotae, f
Wheel
ruber, rubra, rubrum
Red
rudis, rudis, rude
Coarse, unskilled, unpolished, awkward
rumor, rumoris, m
Rumour, general opinion
rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptus
Burst, break
ruo, ruere, rui, rutus
Rush, fall down
rursus
Again
saeculum, saeculi, n
Generation, age
saevio, saevire, saevii, saevitus
Be fierce, be angry
sagitta, sagittae, f
Arrow
salto, saltare, saltavi, saltatus
Dance
saltus, saltus, m
pastureland, woodland
saluto, salutare, salutavi, salutatus
Greet
salvere
To be well
salvus, salva, salvum
Safe
sanctus, sancta, sanctum
Holy, sacred, virtuous
sano, sanare, sanavi, sanatus
Heal, cure
sanus, sana, sanum
Healthy, whole, sane, sound
satietas, satietatis, f
Sufficiency, abundance
satisfacio, satisfacere, satisfeci, satisfactus + dat
Satisfy
sceleratus, scelerata, sceleratum
Wicked, criminal
scutum, scuti, n
Shield
seco, secare, secuti, sectus
Cut
secundus, secunda, secundum
Second, following, favourable
securus, secura, securum
Untroubled, free from care, secure
sedes, sedis, f
Home, seat
seges, segetis, f
Corn, crop
segnis, segnis, segne
Sluggish, inactive, lingering, slow
senior, senioris
Elder
sensus, sensus, m
Sensation, feeling, understanding, judgement, meaning
servio, servire, servii/servivi, servitus + dat
serve
servitus, servitutis, f
Slavery
severus, severa, severum
Serious, strict, severe, grim
siccus, sicca, siccum
Dry
sidus, sideris, n
Constellation, star
significo, significare, significavi, significatus
Indicate, mean, signify
sileo, silere, silui
Be silent, rest
simulo, simulare, simulavi, simulatus
Pretend, imitate
sino, sinere, sii/sivi, situs
Allow
singularis, singularis, singulare
Alone, single
singuli, singulae, singula
One each
sinus, sinus, m
Lap, fold, curve, bay
societas, societatis, f
Alliance
sodalis, sodalis, m
Comrade
sol, solis, m
Sun
sollicito, sollicitare, sollicitavi, sollicitatus
Rouse, excite, disturb
sollicitudo, sollicitudinis, f
Anxiety, disquiet
solum, soli, n
Ground, floor, soil
somnus, somni, m
Sleep
somnium, somnii, n
Dream
sono, sonare, sonui, sonitus
Make a noise, resound
sonus, soni, m
Sound, noise
sonitus, sonitus, m
Sound, noise, din
sopor, soporis, m
Sleep, stupor
sordidus, sordida, sordidum
Shabby, dirty, base, vile
sors, sortis, f
Lot, chance, fate, destiny, prophecy
spatium, spatii, n
Space, expanse, distance, interval, opportunity
species, speciei, f
Sight, appearance, likeness, idea
sperno, spernere, sprevi, spretus
Reject, scorn
spiritus, spiritus, m
Spirit, life, inspiration, breath
statio, stationis, f
Post, status
statua, statuae, f
Statue, image
status, status, m
Position, situation; pay, tax, military service
studeo, studere, studui + dat
Be eager, study, be devoted
studiosus, studiosa, studiosum
Keen, eager, devoted, enthusiastic, studious
stultitia, stultitiae, f
Foolishness, folly
stuprum, stupri, n
Disgrace, dishonour
subicio, subicere, subieci, subiectus
Subject, suggest
subigo, subigere, subegi, subactus
Tame, conquer, subjugate, force
subsidium, subsidii, n
Support, aid
succedo, succedere, successi, successus
Come after, follow in succession, approach
succurro, succurrere, succurri, succursus
Help
suffero, sufferre, sustuli, sublatus
Bear up, support
sumptus, sumptus, m
Expense, cost
superbia, superbiae, f
Arrogance
superbus, superba, superbum
Arrogant, overbearing, haughty
superstes, superstitis
Surviving
supersum, superesse, superfui
Remain, survive
superior, superius
Higher, former, older, greater, superior
supra + acc
Above, beyond
supremus, suprema, supremum
Highest, latest, final
supplex, supplicis
Suppliant, in humble entreaty
supplico, supplicare, supplicavi, supplicatus + dat
Entreat, beg humbly
suspicio, suspicere, suspexi, suspectus
Suspect, mistrust, look up at
suspicio, suspicionis, f
Suspicion, mistrust
suspicor, suspicari, suspicatus sum
Suspect, mistrust
taedium, taedii, n
Weariness, boredom
tango, tangere, tetigi, tactus
Touch
tardus, tarda, tardum
Slow, sluggish, deliberate
tectum, tecti, n
Roof, house
tego, tegere, texi, tectus
Cover
tellus, telluris, f
Earth, land
temere
Rashly, heedlessly, at random
temperantia, temperantiae, f
Moderation, self-control
tempero, temperare, temperavi, temperatus
Govern, regulate, show restraint
tendo, tendere, tetendi, tentus/tensus
Stretch, strain, aim at, direct
tenebrae, tenebrarum, f pl
Darkness, gloomy place
tener, tenera, tenerum
Tender, delicate, soft, yielding
tento, tentare, tentavi, tentatus
Try, test, assail
tenuis, tenuis, tenue
Thin, fine, delicate
tergum, tergi, n
Back, rear
terror, terroris, m
Terror, dread
theatrum, theatri, n
Theatre
tolero, tolerare, toleravi, toleratus
Bear, endure
tormentum, tormenti, n
Torture (metaphorical); Siege engine (literal)
tracto, tractare, tractavi, tractatus
Handle, treat, manage
traduco, traducere, traduxi, traductus
Lead across, transfer
transitus, transitus, m
Crossing over, passage
trepido, trepidare, trepidavi, trepidatus
Be agitated, quiver
tribuo, tribuere, tribui, tributus
Assign, classify, allot, grant
tribunus, tribuni, m
Tribune, officer
tribus, tribus, f
Tribe
triumphus, triumphi, m
Triumph
turba, turbae, f
Crowd, throng, disorder
turris, turris, f
Tower
ulciscor, ulcisci, ultus sum
Punish, avenge
ultimus, ultima, ultimum
Farthest, extreme, remotest, final, latest
ultra
Beyond, farther, besides
ultro
Beyond, besides, of one’s own accord
umbra, umbrae, f
Shadow, shade, ghost
umbrosus, umbrosa, umbrosum
Shady
umerus, umeri, m
Shoulder
una cum
Together with
unda, undae, f
Wave, water
urgeo, urgere, ursi
Press on, push forward, crowd
uro, urere, ussi, ustus
Burn
usque
Continuously
vaco, vacare, vacavi, vacatus
Be empty, be free
vacuus, vacua, vacuum
Empty
vadum, vadi, n
Shallow, shoal
vagor, vagari, vagatus sum
Wander, roam
valde
Greatly, very
vallis, vallis, f
Valley, vale
vallum, valli, n
Rampart
vanus, vana, vanum
Empty, idle, useless
varietas, varietatis, f
Difference, diversity
vasto, vastare, vastavi, vastatus
Lay waste
vastus, vasta, vastum
Vast, empty, desolate, uncouth
vates, vatis, m/f
Soothsayer, bard, poet
veho, vehere, vexi, vectus
Carry, convey
venenum, veneni, n
Poison
veneror, venerari, veneratus sum
Revere, worship
venia, veniae, f
Grace, pardon, favour
ver, veris, n
Spring
versus, versus, m
Verse
vesper, vesperis, m
Evening, evening-star
vestio, vestire, vestii/vestivi, vestitus
Dress, clothe
vestis, vestis, f
Clothing, coverlet
veto, vetare, vetui, vetitus
Forbid
vexo, vexare, vexavi, vexatus
Annoy
vicinus, vicina, vicinum
Neighbour, neighbouring
victus, victus, m
Food, nourishment, way of life
vicus, vici, m
Village, street
vigilia, vigiliae, f
Watch, wakefulness
vigilo, vigilare, vigilavi, vigilatus
Keep awake, watch, be vigilant
vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctus
Bind, restrain, encircle
vindico, vindicare, vindicavi, vindicatus
Punish, avenge, lay claim to, set free
vinea, vineae, f
Vineyard, mantlet
vires, virium, f pl
Strength, force
virgo, virginis, f
Maiden, girl
viridis, viridis, viride
Green
viso, visere, visi, visus
Visit, go to see, view
volvo, volvere, volvi, volutus
Roll, turn over, revolve
votum, voti, n
Vow, prayer
vulgo
Publicly, generally
vulgus, vulgi, n
Common people, multitude, throng, rabble
vultus, vultus, m
Face, expression, appearance
a, ab + abl
From, by
absum, abesse, afui
Be absent/away/distant
ac, atque
And
accido, accidere, accidi
Happen
accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus
Accept, take in, receive, hear
acer, acris, acre
Keen, sharp, fierce
acies, aciei, f
Line, battle line, army
ad + acc
To, towards, at, about, near
addo, addere, addidi, additus
Add, join
adeo
So much, so greatly, to such an extent
adhuc
Till now, still
adimo, adimere, ademi, ademptus
Take away, remove
adiuvo, adiuvare, adiuvi, adiutus
Help
adsum, adesse, adfui
Be here, be present
adulescens, adulescentis, m
Youth, young man
advenio, advenire, adveni
Arrive
adversus + acc
Against, towards
adversus
Against, opposite
aedificium, aedificii, n
Building
aedifico, aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatus
Build
aequus, aequa, aequum
Equal, fair, favourable, calm
ager, agri, m
Land, field, territory
agmen, agminis, n
Column of men, army
ago, agere, egi, actus
Do, act, drive
gratias ago, agere, egi, actus
Thank, give thanks
aliquis, aliquid
Someone, something, anyone, anything
alius, alia, aliud
Other, one, another, else
alii … alii
Some … others
alter, altera, alterum
The other, one (of two), another, a second
altus, alta, altum
High, deep
ambulo, ambulare, ambulavi, ambulatus
Walk
amica, amicae, f
Girl-friend, female friend
amicus, amici, m
Friend
amitto, amittere, amisi, amissus
Lose
amo, amare, amavi, amatus
Love, like
amor, amoris, m
Love
an
Or
ancilla, ancillae, f
Slave girl
animadverto, animadvertere, animadverti, animadversus
Notice, observe
animus, animi, m
Spirit, soul, mind, courage
annus, anni, m
Year
ante + acc
Before, in front of
antea
Before, previously
antequam
Before
aperio, aperire, aperui, apertus
Open, reveal, disclose
appareo, apparere, apparui
Appear
appropinquo, appropinquare, appropinquavi + dat
Approach, come near to
apud + acc
Among, at the house of, according to, in the opinion of
aqua, aquae, f
Water
aquila, aquilae, f
Eagle, standard
ara, arae, f
Altar
arbor, arboris, f
Tree
arcesso, arcessere, arcessivi, arcessitus
Summon, send for
argentum, argenti, n
Silver, money
arma, armorum, n pl
Arms, weapons, armour
ars, artis, f
Art, skill
ascendo, ascendere, ascendi, ascensus
Climb, go up
at
But
attonitus, attonita, attonitum
Astonished, thunder-struck
audax, audacis
Bold, daring
audeo, audere, ausus sum
Dare
audio, audire, audivi, auditus
Hear, listen to
aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus
Take away, carry off, steal
augeo, augere, auxi, auctus
Increase, exaggerate
aut
Or, either
autem
But, however
auxilium, auxilii, n
Help; (pl) (auxiliary) troops
bellum, belli, n
War
bene
Well
beneficium, beneficii, n
Kindness, service, favour
bibo, bibere, bibi
Drink
bis
Twice
bona, bonorum, n pl
Goods, possessions, property
bonus, bona, bonum
Good
brevis, breve
Short, brief
cado, cadere, cecidi, casus
Fall, perish
caedes, caedis, f
Slaughter, killing, murder
caelum, caeli, n
Sky, heaven
campus, campi, m
Plain, field
canis, canis, m/f
Dog
capio, capere, cepi, captus (in compounds -icio)
Take, catch, capture, make (a plan)
captivus, captivi, m
Captive, prisoner
caput, capitis, n
Head, person, life, capital
carus, cara, carum
Dear
castra, castrorum, n pl
Camp
causa, causae, f
Cause, reason, case
causa + gen
For the sake of
cedo, cedere, cessi, cessus
Yield, give up
celer, celeris, celere
Quick
celo, celare, celavi, celatus
Hide, conceal
cena, cenae, f
Dinner, meal
centurio, centurionis, m
Centurion
cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus
See, perceive, decree
certus, certa, certum
Certain, sure, fixed
certiorem facere
Inform
ceteri, ceterae, cetera
The rest, the other
cibus, cibi, m
Food
circum, circa + acc
Around, about
civis, civis, m/f
Citizen
civitas, civitatis, f
Citizenship, state, city, tribe
clades, cladis, f
Disaster, loss, defeat
clam
Secretly
clamo, clamare, clamavi, clamatus
Shout, exclaim, proclaim
clamor, clamoris, m
Shout, uproar, noise
clarus, clara, clarum
Clear, famous, distinguished
coepi, coepisse, coeptus
Began
cogito cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatus
Think, consider
cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus
Get to know, find out, learn
cogo, cogere, coegi, coactus
Force, compel, drive, assemble
cohors, cohortis, f
Cohort, company
colo, colere, colui, cultus
Cultivate, worship, honour
comes, comitis, m/f
Comrade, companion
committo, committere, commisi, commissus
Commit, fight, begin (battle)
comparo, comparare, comparavi, comparatus
Prepare, provide, obtain, compare
confero, conferre, contuli, conlatus
Collect, compare, contribute, bestow
conficio, conficere, confeci, confectus
Complete, wear out
coniunx, coniugis, m/f
Husband, wife, spouse
conor, conari, conatus sum
Try
consilium, consilii, n
Council, plan, advice, prudence
consisto, consistere, constiti, constitus
Halt, stand, stand firm
constituo, constituere, constitui, constitutus
Decide, establish
consul, consulis, m
Consul
consulo, consulere, consului, consultus
Consult, consider, advise
contendo, contendere, contendi, contentus
Hurry, march, contend, fight
contra + acc
Against