Latin Vocabulary Flashcards
abdo, abdere, abdidi, abditus
hide
absens, absentis
absent
abstineo, abstinere, abstinui, abstentus
keep away from, abstain
accusatio, accusationis, f
accusation
acerbus, acerba, acerbum
bitter, harsh, severe
acuo, acuere, acui, acutus
sharpen, spur on
acutus, acuta, acutum
sharp, pointed, shrill, keen
adhibeo, adhibere, adhibui, adhibitus
apply, make use of, bring in, summon
adimo, adimere, ademi, ademptus
take away (from + dative)
adipiscor, adipisci, adeptus sum
Obtain, get, reach
aditus, aditus, m
approach, entrance, admittance
administro, administrare, administravi, administratus
manage
admiror, admirari, admiratus sum
wonder at, admire, be surprised at
admiratio, admirationis, f
admiration, surprise, astonishment
admitto, admittere, admisi, admissus
admit, allow
admoneo, admonere, admonui, admonitus
warn, advise, remind
adorior, adoriri, adortus sum
attack, address, rise up
adulescentulus, adulescentuli, m
young man
adversarius, adversaria, adversarium
opposed to, opponent, enemy
aeger, aegra, aegrum
sick, ill, troubled
aegre
with difficulty, with regret, with pain
aequalis, aequalis, aequale
Equal, level, even, contemporary
aequo, aequare, aequavi, aequatus
equalise, make level, compare
aequitas, aequitatis, f
Calmness, evenness, uniformity, fairness
aequor, aequoris, n
Level surface, plain, sea
aer, aeris, m
air
aes alienum, aeris alieni, n
debt
aestimo, aestimare, aestimavi, aestimatus
Value, assess, estimate
aevum, aevi, n
age, time, life-time, eternity
afficio, afficere, affeci, affectus
Influence, affect, endow with
affirmo, affirmare, affirmavi, affirmatus
Confirm, declare
affligo, affligere, afflixi, afflictus
Knock down, knock against, crush
aggredior, aggredi, aggressus sum
approach, attack, undertake
agito, agitare, agitavi, agitatus
put in motion, drive, spur on, disturb, consider
alacer, alacris, alacre
Lively, brisk, spirited, cheerful
albus, alba, album
white
alo, alere, alui, alitus/altus
feed, nourish, rear
ambitio, ambitionis, f
striving for favour, ambition
ambitus, ambitus, m
bribery
amentia, amentiae, f
madness, folly
amnis, amnis, m
stream, river
amplitudo, amplitudinis, f
width, size, grandeur, importance
anceps, ancipitis
twofold, uncertain, doubtful, risky
ancora, ancorae, f
anchor
angustiae, angustiarum, f pl
strait, defile, limit
angustus, angusta, angustum
narrow, limited
anima, animae, f
air, wind, breath, life, soul
anulus, anuli, m
ring
appeto, appetere, appetii/appetivi, appetitus
make for, crave for, try to reach
aptus, apta, aptum
fitting, suitable, appropriate
aquila, aquilae, f
eagle, standard
aro, arare, aravi, aratus
plough
arceo, arcere, arcui
keep off
arcus, arcus, m
bow, arch
ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsus
burn, be on fire, be eager
arduus, ardua, arduum
difficult, laborious
arena, arenae, f
sand, arena, amphitheatre
arguo, arguere, argui, argutus
Declare, prove, accuse
aridus, arida, aridum
Dry, parched
artifex, artificis, m
Skilful, ingenious, craftsman, artist
artificium, artificii, n
Workmanship, work of art, dexterity
asper, aspera, asperum
Rough, uneven, harsh, savage
aspicio, aspicere, aspexi, aspectus
Look at, inspect
asporto, asportare, asportavi, asportatus
carry away
assequor, assequi, assecutus sum
follow after, overtake, gain, comprehend
assiduus, assidua, assiduum
Incessant, persistent
At
But
Atrium, atrii, n
Hall
atrox, atrocis
Horrible, fierce, savage
auctor, auctoris, m
Author, writer, instigator, authority
aura, aurae, f
Breeze, wind
auris, auris, f
Ear
avaritia, avaritiae, f
Greed
averto, avertere, averti, aversus
Avert, divert
avidus, avida, avidum
Greedy, desirous, eager
avus, avi, m
Grandfather, ancestor
balneum, balnei, n
bath
bello, bellare, bellavi, bellatus
wage war
benevolentia, benevolentiae, f
goodwill, kindness
bracchium, bracchii, n
arm
caecus, caeca, caecum
Blind, hidden
calamitas, calamitatis, f
Damage, loss, disaster
calamitosus, calamitosa, calamitosum
disastrous, destructive
calidus, calida, calidum
Warm, hot, impetuous, prompt
candidus, candida, candidum
dazzling white, gleaming, clear, serene, frank, candid
cano, canere, cecini, cantus
sing, play an instrument, predict
canto, cantare, cantavi, cantatus
Sing, play
capillus, capilli, m
Hair
captivus, captivi, m
Captive, prisoner
carcer, carceris, m
Prison
carmen, carminis, n
Song, poem, prophecy
carpo, carpere, carpsi, carptus
Pluck, gather
caveo, cavere, cavi, cautus
beware, guard against
cavus, cava, cavum
Hollow
celebro, celebrare, celebravi, celebratus
attend, fill, honour, do frequently
celeber, celebris, celebre
crowded, frequented, famous
certamen, certaminis, n
contest, rivalry, combat
certo, certare, certavi, certatus
contend, compete
cervix, cervicis, f
Neck
cesso, cessare, cessavi, cessatus
be inactive, be idle
cinis, cineris, m/f
ash
cingo, cingere, cinxi, cinctus
surround, encircle
circiter + acc
about, near
circumdo, circumdare, circumdedi, circumdatus
set round, encircle, surround
cito, citare, citavi, citatus
hurry, excite, summon, put into swift motion
cito, citare, citavi, citatum
swift, rapid, quick
citra + acc
on this side, short of
citerior, citerius
on this side, nearer
civilis, civilis, civile
civic, civil, courteous, gracious
cliens, clientis, m
client
coerceo, coercere, coercui, coercitus
enclose, confine, restrain
coicio, coicere, coieci, coiectus
throw together, fling, conjecture
collega, collegae, m
colleague, associate
colligo, colligere, collegi, collectus
Pick up, gather, collect
collum, colli, n
neck
colloco, collocare, collocavi, collocatus
station, arrange, establish, place together
color, coloris, m
colour, complexion
coma, comae, f
Hair, foliage
commemoro, commemorare, commemoravi, commemoratus
mention, recount, recall
commendo, commendare, commendavi, commendatus
Entrust, reccomend
communico, communicare, communicavi, communicatus
Share, communicate with
comperio, comperire, comperi, compertus
find out, ascertain, comprehend
complector, complecti, complexus sum
compose, place
compono, componere, composui, compositus
gather, settle, arrange
comprehendo, comprehendere, comprehendi, comprehensus
grasp, seize, comprehend, include
concido, concidere, concidi
Fall, collapse, perish
concilio, conciliare, conciliavi, conciliatus
Unite, win over, bring together
concilium, concilii, n
Meeting, assembly, council
concito, concitare, concitavi, concitatus
stir up, excite, urge
concursus, concursus, m
running together, assembly, collision, rush, charge
condemno, condemnare, condemnavi, condemnatus
condemn
condo, condere, condidi, conditus
found, establish, hide
condicio, condicionis, f
Condition, agreement, arrangement, rank
confido, confidere, confisus sum + dat
have complete trust, feel confidence
confiteor, confiteri, confessus sum
admit, confess
confugio, confugere, confugi
Flee for refuge
conquiro, conquirere, conquisii/conquisivi, conquisitus
seek out, search thoroughly for
conscientia, conscientiae, f
Knowledge, consciousness, conscience
conscius, conscia, conscium
sharing in knowledge, partner, accomplice
consecro, consecrare, consecravi, consecratus
dedicate, consecrate
consentio, consentire, consensi, consensus
agree, conspire
consero, conserere, conserui, consertus
fasten together, connect
conservo, conservare, conservavi, conservatus
Guard closely, keep from harm
consido, considere, consedi, consessus
sit down, settle down, establish oneself
conspectus, conspectus, m
sight, view
conspicio, conspicere, conspexi, conspectus
Catch sight of
conspicuus, conspicua, conspicuum
Visible, remarkable, distinguished
consuesco, consuescere, consuevi, consuetus
become accustomed
consuetudo, consuetudinis, f
Custom, habit
consumo, consumere, consumpsi, consumptus
Use up, consume, devour
contentio, contentionis, f
struggle, dispute, exertion, effort
contentus, contenta, contentum
contented, satisfied
contingo, contingere, contigi, contactus
touch, affect, happen
continuus, continua, continuum
unbroken, continuous
contio, contionis, f
meeting, speech
contumelia, contumeliae, f
Insult, abuse
conventus, conventus, m
Assembly, gathering
converto, convertere, converti, conversus
Turn completely, transform
convoco, convocare, convocavi, convocatus
Call together
cor, cordis, n
Heart, mind
cornu, cornus, n
Horn, trumpet, wing of an army
corripio, corripere, corripui, correptus
Seize, snatch up
corrumpo, corrumpere, corrupi, corruptus
Burst, destroy, corrupt, ruin
cotidianus, cotidiana, cotidianum
Daily
crastinus, crastina, crastinum
Of tomorrow
creo, creare, creavi, creatus
Create, produce, bear, elect
creber, crebra, crebrum
Frequent, crowded
cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus
Arise, increase
crus, cruris, n
Let
cubiculum, cubiculi, n
Bedroom
culpa, culpae, f
Blame, fault
culpo, culpare, culpavi, culpatus
Blame
cultus, cultus, m
Care, worship, dress, education, refinement
cupido, cupidinis, f
Desire, lust, longing
cupidus, cupida, cupidum
Desirous, eager
curia, curiae, f
Senate-house
currus, currus, m
Chariot
cursus, cursus, m
Course, direction, speed
damno, damnare, damnavi, damnatus
Harm, damage, condemn
damnum, damni, n
Loss, damage, defect
declaro, declarare, declaravi, declaratus
Declare, reveal
dedo, dedere, dedidi, deditus
Give up, surrender, yield
deditio, deditionis, f
Surrender
defensio, defensionis, f
Defending, defence
defensor, defensoris, m
Guardian, protector
deficio, deficere, defeci, defectus
Fail, grow weak, run short
delectatio, delectationis, f
Delight, pleasure, charm
deliciae, deliciarum, f pl
Delights, allurements, pet, favourite
deligo, deligere, delegi, delectus
Choose, gather
demens, dementis
Mindless, insane, mad
demo, demere, dempsi, demptus
Take away
demolior, demoliri, demolitus sum
Pull down, demolish
demum
At last, precisely
desero, deserere, deserui, desertus
Abandon, forsake
designo, designare, designavi, designatus
Indicate, elect, choose
desino, desinere, desii/desivi, desitus
Cease, leave off
despero, desperare, desperavi, desperatus
Despair
despicio, despicere, despexi, despectus
Look down on, despise
deterreo, deterrere, deterrui, deterritus
Deter, frighten away
detrimentum, detrimenti, n
Damage, loss, defeat
devoro, devorare, devoravi, devoratus
Devour, consume, squander
differo, differre, distuli, dilatus
Spread, scatter, disperse, display, differ, publish
digitus, digiti, m
Finger
diligo, diligere, dilexi, dilectus
Love, esteem
dimico, dimicare, dimicavi/dimicui, dimicatus
Fight, struggle
dimidium, dimidii, n
Half
disciplina, disciplinae, f
Learning, discipline, training, custom, knowledge
discrimen, discriminis, n
Crisis, danger, risk, distinction
disputo, disputare, disputavi, disputatus
Discuss, examine
dissolvo, dissolvere, dissolvi, dissolutus
Break up, release, pay
distribuo, distribuere, distribui, distributus
Distribute
diutinus, diutina, diutinum
Long-lasting
diversus, diversa, diversum
Separate, different, opposite, opposed
divido, dividere, divisi, divisus
Divide, distribute
dolus, doli, m
Trickery, fraud, guile, stratagem
domo, domare, domui, domitus
Tame, subdue
domesticus, domestica, domesticum
Domestic, of the house
donec
Until, while, so long as
duro, durare, duravi, duratus
Last, harden
effero, efferre, extuli, elatus
Bring forth, carry out, divulge
edo, edere, edidi, editus
Produce, proclaim, publish, give birth to
egeo, egere, egui + abl
Lack, need, be without
elephantus, elephanti, m
Elephant
eludo, eludere, elusi, elusus
Outplay, outmanoeuvre, mock, baffle, foil
epulae, epularum, f pl
Banquet
epulor, epulari, epulatus sum
Attend a banquet, eat
equester, equestris, equestre
Of a horseman, of cavalry, of the equestrian rank
ergo
Therefore
erigo, erigere, erexi, erectus
Raise up, encourage, excite
eruditus, erudita, eruditum
Learned, educated, trained
erumpo, erumpere, erupi, eruptus
Burst out, sally forth
eruptio, eruptionis, f
Bursting forth, sally
evenio, evenire, eveni, eventus
Come out, happen, turn out
eventus, eventus, m
result, event, accident, occurrence
excelsus, excelsa, excelsum
Lofty, high, elevated
excutio, excutere, excussi, excussus
Shake out, shake off, get rid of, banish
exemplum, exempli, n
Example, warning
exerceo, exercere, exercui, exercitus
Train, exercise
exhaurio, exhaurire, exhausi, exhaustus
Use up, drain dry, exhaust
exiguus, exigua, exiguum
Small, meagre, scanty
exilium/exsilium, exilii/exsilii, n
Exile, banishment
existimatio, existimationis, f
Opinion, reputation
exitus, exitus, m
Departure, end, conclusion, result
experior, experiri, expertus sum
Try, test
expleo, explere, explevi, expletus
Fill, complete
expono, exponere, exposui, expositus
Set forth, display
exsequor, exsequi, exsecutus sum
Follow up
exsisto, exsistere, exstiti, exstitus
Exist, appear
exstinguo, exstinguere, exstinxi, exstinctus
Put out, destroy
fabula, fabulae, f
Story, play
facies, faciei, f
Shape, appearance, face, character
factum, facti, n
Deed
fallax, fallacis
Deceitful, treacherous, deceptive
fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsus
Deceive, trick, disappoint
falsus, falsa, falsum
Wrong, mistaken, fictitious
fames, famis, f
Hunger
fas, indeclinable
Divine law, right
fateor, fateri, fassus sum
Admit, reveal
fatigo, fatigare, fatigavi, fatigatus
Weary, exhaust
faveo, favere, favi, fautus + dat
Favour, support
fax, facis, f
Torch
fera, ferae, f
Wild beast
ferus, fera, ferum
Wild, savage, uncivilised
festus, festa, festum
Festal
figo, figere, fixi, fixus
Fix, fasten
figura, figurae, f
Shape, form (noun)
fingo, fingere, finxi, fictus
shape, form (verb)
firmo, firmare, firmavi, firmatus
Strengthen, confirm, encourage
firmus, firma, firmum
Firm, powerful, strong
flagito, flagitare, flagitavi, flagitatus
Demand
flamma, flammae, f
Flame, fire
flecto, flectere, flexi, flexus
Turn, direct, bend
fleo, flere, flevi, fletus
Weep, lament
floreo, florere, florui
Flourish, prosper
flos, floris, m
Flower, bloom, glory
fluctus, fluctus, m
Wave
fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluctus
flow
fluvius, fluvii, m
River, stream
foedus, foeda, foedum
Foul, horrible, disgusting
fons, fontis, m
Spring, fountain, source
foris
Out of doors, abroad
forma, formae, f
Form, shape, beauty
formosus, formosa, formosum
Beautiful, handsome
forsitan
Perhaps
fraus, fraudis, f
Trickery, fraud, harm
fremitus, fremitus, m
Roaring, din
frena, frenorum, n pl
Reins, bridle, restraint
frequens, frequentis
Frequent, repeated, crowded
fretum, freti, n
Straits
fretus, freta, fretum + abl
Relying on
frigidus, frigida, frigidum
Cold
frigus, frigoris, n
Cold, coolness
fruor, frui, fructus/fruitus sum + abl
Enjoy, delight in
fundo, fundere, fudi, fusus
Pour
fungor, fungi, functus sum + acc/abl
Perform
funus, funeris, n
Burial, funeral, death
furor, furoris, m
Fury, madness
furtum, furti, n
Theft, robbery
gemma, gemmae, f
Jewel, gem
gemo, gemere, gemui, gemitus
Groan, sigh
gemitus, gemitus, m
Groan, sigh
gens, gentis, f
Race, clan, people
genus, generis, n
Kind, family, race, birth
gladiator, gladiatoris, m
Gladiator
glorior, gloriari, gloriatus sum
Boast
gracilis, gracilis, gracile
Slender, slim, plain, meagre
gradus, gradus, m
Step, pace
grandis, grandis, grande
Tall, grown-up, large, important, grand
gratiosus, gratiosa, gratiosum
Popular
gratulatio, gratulationis, f
Rejoicing, congratulation
gravitas, gravitatis, f
Weight, influence, seriousness, dignity, importance
grex, gregis, m
Flock, herd, troop
guberno, gubernare, gubernavi, gubernatus
Steer, navigate
haereo, haerere, haesi, haesus
Stick, cling, hold fast, be fixed
hasta, hastae, f
Spear, javelin
hereditas, hereditatis, f
Inheritance
heres, heredis, m/f
Heir, heiress
hesternus, hesterna, hesternum
Of yesterday
hodiernus, hodierna, hodiernum
Of today, modern
horrendus, horrenda, horrendum
Dreadful, terrible, awesome
horreo, horrere, horrui
Shudder, shrink from, bristle
horridus, horrida, horridum
Frightening, rough, uncouth, wild, bristling
hostia, hostiae, f
Sacrificial victim
humilis, humilis, humile
Humble, low, mean
ideo
For that reason, therefore
ignarus, ignara, ignarum
Ignorant, unaware
ignotus, ignota, ignotum
Unknown, obscure
illustris, illustris, illustre
Famous, distinguished, clear, plain
imber, imbris, m
Rain
imitor, imitari, imitatus sum
Imitate, copy
immanis, immanis, immane
Enormous, monstrous
immineo, imminere
Threaten, hang over
impedimentum, impedimenti, n
Hindrance, baggage
impello, impellere, impuli, impulsus
Set in motion, urge on, push
imperitus, imperita, imperitum
Inexperienced, unskilled
impetro, impetrare, impetravi, impetratus
Obtain, accomplish
impiger, impigra, impigrum
Active, energetic
impius, impia, impium
Undutiful, impious, disloyal, unpatriotic
impono, imponere, imposui, impositus
Place upon
improbus, improba, improbum
Bad, perverse, shameless
improvisus, improvisa, improvisum
Unforeseen, unexpected
inanis, inanis, inane
Empty, worthless, poor
incertus, incerta, incertum
Uncertain, doubtful
incido, incidere, incidi, incisus
Cut into, inscribe
incito, incitare, incitavi, incitatus
Rouse, stir up, urge forward
incola, incolae, m/f
Inhabitant
incolo, incolere, incolui
Inhabit
incolumis, incolumis, incolume
Unharmed, safe
incommodum, incommodi, n
Inconvenience, trouble, disadvantage, disaster
indignus, indigna, indignum
Unworthy, undeserving
induo, induere, indui, indutus
Put on, assume
industria, industriae, f
Diligence, hard work
ineo, inire, inii/inivi, initus
Enter, begin
inferior, inferius
Lower, later, inferior
infra + acc
Below
infimus, infima, infimum
Lowest
infestus, infesta, infestum
Hostile, threatening, unsafe
infirmus, infirma, infirmum
Weak, feeble, worthless
ingratus, ingrata, ingratum
Ungrateful, unwelcome, unpleasant
innocens, innocentis
Innocent, blameless, harmless
inopinatus, inopinata, inopinatum
Unexpected
inscius, inscia, inscium
Not knowing, ignorant, unaware
insequor, insequi, insecutus sum
Follow, pursue, reproach
insidiae, insidiarum, f pl
Ambush, plot, artifice
insignis, insignis, insigne
Distinguished, conspicuous
institutum, instituti, n
Regulation, agreement, arrangement, established customs
insto, instare, institi
threaten, press on; stand in/on
instruo, instruere, instruxi, instructus
Draw up, equip, furnish
integer, integra, integrum
Entire, unharmed, intact, blameless, honest
intendo, intendere, intendi, intentus/intensus
stretch, strain, aim at, direct
interdum
Occasionally
interior, interius
Inner, deeper, interior, more hidden
intimus, intima, intimum
Inmost, innermost, most secret, most intimate
intereo, interire, interii, interitus
Pass away, perish
intueor, intueri, intuitus sum
Gaze upon, consider
invideo, invidere, invidi, invisus + dat
envy, begrudge
iugum, iugi, n
Yoke, ridge
iumentum, iumenti, n
Beast of burden
iungo, iungere, iunxi, iunctus
Join, unite, yoke
iuro, iurare, iuravi, iuratus
Swear
iuventus, iuventutis, f
Youth
iuvo, iuvare, iuvi, iutus
Help, delight, please
lacesso, lacessere, lacessii/lacessivi, lacessitus
Provoke, challenge
lacus, lacus, m
Lake
laedo, laedere, laesi, laesus
Hurt, harm
laetor, laetari, laetatus sum
Rejoice
languidus, languida, languidum
Faint, weak, listless
lapis, lapidis, m
Stone
largitio, largitionis, f
Generosity, bribery, corruption
lassus, lassa, lassum
Tired, exhausted
latebrae, latebrarum, f pl
Hiding-place
lateo, latere, latui
Lie hidden
lenis, lenis, lene
Smooth, soft, mild, gentle, moderate
lentus, lenta, lentum
Slow, sluggish, tenacious
liberalitas, liberalitatis, f
Kindness, generosity, courteousness
liberi, liberorum, m pl
Children
lignum, ligni, n
Wood
littera, litterae, f
Letter
litus, litoris, n
Shore
loco, locare, locavi, locatus
Place, put
locuples, locupletis
Rich, wealthy
longinquus, longinqua, longinquum
Far off, remote, long-lasting
luceo, lucere, luxi
Shine, be light
lucidus, lucida, lucidum
Clear, bright, shining
lumen, luminis, n
Light, daylight
luxuria, luxuriae, f
Excess, extravagance
maestus, maesta, maestum
Sad, sorrowful
magnificus, magnifica, magnificum
Splendid, grand
maritimus, maritima, maritimum
Maritime, seafaring, of the sea
maritus, mariti, m
Husband
marmor, marmoris, n
Marble
materia, materiae, f
Matter, theme, subject
maturo, maturare, maturavi, maturatus
Ripen, hasten
maturus, matura, maturum
Ripe, mature, seasonable, early, quick
medicus, medici, m
Doctor, medical
mediocris, mediocris, mediocre
Moderate, ordinary, average
mentior, mentiri, mentitus sum
Lie (like Odysseus does. Deceive, not lie down. Though he does do a lot of that too)
merces, mercedis, f
Pay, recompense, reward
mereo, merere, merui, meritus
Deserve, acquire, earn
meritum, meriti, n
Kindness, service, benefit
merito
Deservedly
meridies, meridiei, m
Midday, south
militia, militiae, f
Military service, warfare
minae, minarum, f pl
Threats, menaces
minor, minari, minatus sum
Threaten, menace
minuo, minuere, minui, minutum
Lesson, reduce, weaken, modify
mirificus, mirifica, mirificum
Wonderful, extraordinary
misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtus/mistus
Mix, mingle
misericordia, misericordiae, f
Pity, compassion, mercy
modestus, modesta, modestum
Moderate, restrained, well-behaved, modest
modicus, modica, modicum
Moderate, ordinary
moles, molis, f
Huge mass, massive structure, pier, burden, difficulty
molestia, molestiae, f
Trouble, annoyance, worry
molestus, molesta, molestum
Troublesome, annoying, burdensome
molior, moliri, molitus sum
Exert oneself, make an effort
mollis, mollis, molle
Soft, flexible, calm, gentle, sensitive
monstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus
Show, point out
mora, morae, f
Delay, hindrance
moror, morari, moratus sum
Delay, linger, stay
mordeo, mordere, momordi, morsus
Bite
motus, motus, m
Motion, impulse, commotion, rebellion
mundus, mundi, m
World, Earth, universe
munio, munire, munii/munivi, munitus
Fortify, defend
nanciscor, nancisci, nactus/nanctus sum
Obtain, find
nefandus, nefanda, nefandum
Wrong, sinful, unspeakable
nefarius, nefaria, nefarium
sin, crime against divine law, wickedness
nefas, indeclinable
Wrong, sinful, unspeakable
nemus, nemoris, n
Grove
nepos, nepotis, m
Grandson, nephew
nequeo nequire nequii/nequivi nequitus
Be unable
neuter, neutra, neutrum
Neither of two
niger, nigra, nigrum
Black, dark
nimbus, nimbi, m
Cloud, storm-cloud, storm
niteo, nitere, nitui
Shine
nix, nivis, f
Snow
noceo, nocere, nocui, nocitus + dat
Hurt, harm, injure
nubes, nubis, f
Cloud
nubo, nubere, nupsi, nuptus + dat
Marry
nudo, nudare, nudavi, nudatus
Bare, expose, uncover
nudus, nuda, nudum
Bare, naked, destitute, needy, unadorned
numen, numinis, n
Divine power, deity, divine will, consent
numero, numerare, numeravi, numeratus
Count, reckon, consider
nummus, nummi, m
Coin, money
obicio, obicere, obieci, obiectus
Present, throw in the way
obeo, obire, obii/obivi, obitus
Meet, go to meet, die, perish
obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus sum
Forget
obruo, obruere, obrui, obrutus
Overwhelm, destroy
obscurus, obscura, obscurum
Dark, gloomy, obscure, covered
obsideo, obsidere, obsedi, obsessus
Blockade, besiege
obstruo, obstruere, obstruxi, obstructus
Block up
occulto, occultare, occultavi, occultatus
Hide, conceal
occurro, occurrere, occurri/occucurri, occursus + dat
Hasten to, meet, occur
odiosus, odiosa, odiosum
Hateful, odious, annoying
offendo, offendere, offendi, offensus
Offend, strike against
offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus
Present, show, offer
omen, ominis, n
Omen, sign
onerarius, oneraria, onerarium
For carrying freight/burdens
onerosus, onerosa, onerosum
Burdensome, heavy, oppressive
operio, operire, operui, opertus
Cover, conceal, overwhelm
opinor, opinari, opinatus sum
Suppose, imagine, conjecture
opportunus, opportuna, opportunum
Convenient, suitable, advantageous
ops, opis, f
Power, help
opes, opum, f pl
Resources, wealth
opto, optare, optavi, optatus
Choose, desire, wish for
ora, orae, f
Border, edge, district, region, coast
oriens, orientis, m
East, morning
orior, oriri, ortus sum
Rise
os, ossis, n
Bone
ovis, ovis, f
Sheep
pabulor, pabulari, pabulatus sum
Forage
pabulum, pabuli, n
Food, fodder
paco, pacare, pacavi, pacatus
Pacify
pactum, pacti, n
Agreement, contract
pagus, pagi, m
Village, country-district
palus, paludis, f
Marsh, swamp
panis, panis, m
Bread
pariter
Equally, simultaneously
partim
Partly, in part
passus, passus, m
Step, pace
paternus, paterna, paternum
Paternal, of a father
patres conscripti, patrum conscriptorum, m pl
Senators
patrius, patria, patrium
Hereditary
patronus, patroni, m
Defender, advocate, protector, patron
paveo, pavere, pavi
Quake, tremble, be in a panic
pavor, pavoris, m
Panic, terror, quaking, dismay
pecus, pecoris, n
Herd, flock, cattle, sheep
pendeo, pendere, pependi
Hang, be suspended, depend on
pergo, pergere, perrexi, perrectus
Go straight on, continue, proceed
peritus, perita, peritum
Experienced, skilled
permaneo, permanere, permansi, permansus
Continue, stay, endure
permitto, permittere, permisi, permissus
Allow, concede, relinquish
pernicies, perniciei, f
Destruction, ruin
perpetuus, perpetua, perpetuum
Perpetual, unbroken, continuous
persequor, persequi, persecutus sum
Follow through, pursue, prosecute
perspicio, perspicere, perspexi, perspectus
Look closely at, examine, see through
pertimesco, pertimescere, pertimui
Become very frightened
perturbo, perturbare, perturbavi, perturbatus
Throw into confusion
pestis, pestis, f
Destruction, plague, ruin, sickness
philosophus, philosophi, m
Philosopher
pietas, pietatis, f
Piety
pius, pia, pium
Pious, dutiful, holy
piger, pigra, pigrum
Unwilling, lingering, sluggish
pilum, pili, n
Javelin
pingo, pingere, pinxi, pictus
Paint, decorate, embroider
piscis, piscis, m
Fish
placo, placare, placavi, placatus
Calm, appease
placidus, placida, placidum
Calm, gentle, tranquil
planus, plana, planum
Level, flat/plain, clear
plerusque, pleraque, plerumque
Most
pluit, pluere, pluit
It rains
poculum, poculi, n
Cup, goblet
pondus, ponderis, n
Weight
pons, pontis, m
Bridge
pontifex, pontificis, m
High-priest
pontus, ponti, m
Sea
populor, populari, populatus sum
Lay waste, devastate, destroy
porro
Moreover, next
porticus, porticus, f
Colonnade, portico
possideo, possidere, possedi, possessus
Possess
posterior, posterius
Next, later
potens, potentis
Powerful, capable
potentia, potentiae, f
Force, power, strength
potior, potiri, potitus sum
Gain possession of
potissimum
Especially
potius
More, rather
praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitus
Present, show, offer
praeceptum, praecepti, n
Maxim, rule, injunction
praecipio, praecipere, praecepi, praeceptus
Direct, teach, warm, anticipate
praecipito, praecipitare, praecipitavi, praecipitatus
throw/fall headlong
praecipuus, praecipua, praecipuum
Especial, extraordinary, distinguished
praedico, praedicare, praedicavi, praedicatus
Proclaim, declare, commend, vaunt
praefectus, praefecti, m
Commander, officer, prefect
praesertim
Especially
praestans, praestantis
Eminent, surpassing, extraordinary
praesum, praeesse, praefui + dat
Be in charge of
praetura, praeturae, f
Praetorship
principatus, principatus, m
First place, chief place, reign, rule
principium, principii, n
Beginning, origin
principia, principiorum, n pl
Headquarters
privatim
Privately, at home
probrum, probri, n
Abuse, invective, shameful action
probus, proba, probum
Proper, excellent, virtuous
profiteor, profiteri, professus sum
Declare, acknowledge
promo, promere, prompsi/promsi, promptus
Bring forth, disclose
promptus, prompta, promptum
Ready, prompt, resolute
propero, properare, properavi, properatus
Hurry
proprius, propria, proprium
One’s own, personal
prosperus, prospera, prosperum
Favourable
prospicio, prospicere, prospexi, prospectus
Look forwards, look out for
prosum, prodesse, profui + dat
Be useful, do good
protinus
Continuously, forthwith
provideo, providere, providi, provisus
Foresee
prudens, prudentis
Sensible, prudent, experienced
prudentia, prudentiae, f
Good sense, sound judgement, knowledge
pulvis, pulveris, m
Dust
purus, pura, purum
Clean, clear, pure
quaestio, quaestionis f
Inquiry, investigation, court
queror, queri, questus sum
Complain
quiesco, quiescere, quievi, quietus
Rest, sleep
quietus, quieta, quietum
Peaceful, calm
ramus, rami, m
Branch
rapax, rapacis
grasping, greedy
rapidus, rapida, rapidum
Impetuous, snatching, seizing
rarus, rara, rarum
Thin, rare, infrequent
ratis, ratis, f
Raft, boat
recedo, recedere, recessi, recessus
Withdraw, retreat, retire
recito, recitare, recitavi, recitatus
Read aloud
recupero, recuperare, recuperavi, recuperatus
Recover, regain
recuso, recusare, recusavi, recusatus
Refuse
reficio, reficere, refeci, refectus
Restore, repair, refresh
regio, regionis, f
Region, district
regius, regia, regium
Royal
reicio, reicere, reieci, reiectus
Fling back/off, reject
religiosus, religiosa, religiosum
Pious, conscientious
removeo, removere, removi, remotus
Move back, withdraw
remus, remi, m
Oar
renovo, renovare, renovavi, renovatus
Renew, restore, repair
repente
Suddenly, unexpectedly
repentinus, repentina, repentinum
Sudden, unexpected, hasty
repudio, repudiare, repudiavi, repudiatus
Reject, repudiate, refuse, scorn
requies, requietis, f
Rest, relaxation
requiro, requirere, requisii/requisivi, requisitus
Seek, inquire after, require
reor, reri, ratus sum
Think, reckon
res familiaris, rerum familiarum, f pl
Property, possessions
reservo, reservare, reservavi, reservatus
Reserve, keep back
resisto, resistere, restiti
Resist (+ dative), come to a halt
respicio, respicere, respexi, respectus
Look back at, be mindful of
responsum, responsi, n
Answer, reply
restituo, restituere, restitui, restitutus
Restore
robur, roboris, n
Oak, strength, vigour
rogatio, rogationis, f
Proposed law
rota, rotae, f
Wheel
ruber, rubra, rubrum
Red
rudis, rudis, rude
Coarse, unskilled, unpolished, awkward
rumor, rumoris, m
Rumour, general opinion
rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptus
Burst, break
ruo, ruere, rui, rutus
Rush, fall down
rursus
Again
saeculum, saeculi, n
Generation, age
saevio, saevire, saevii, saevitus
Be fierce, be angry
sagitta, sagittae, f
Arrow
salto, saltare, saltavi, saltatus
Dance
saltus, saltus, m
pastureland, woodland
saluto, salutare, salutavi, salutatus
Greet
salvere
To be well
salvus, salva, salvum
Safe
sanctus, sancta, sanctum
Holy, sacred, virtuous
sano, sanare, sanavi, sanatus
Heal, cure
sanus, sana, sanum
Healthy, whole, sane, sound
satietas, satietatis, f
Sufficiency, abundance
satisfacio, satisfacere, satisfeci, satisfactus + dat
Satisfy
sceleratus, scelerata, sceleratum
Wicked, criminal
scutum, scuti, n
Shield
seco, secare, secuti, sectus
Cut
secundus, secunda, secundum
Second, following, favourable
securus, secura, securum
Untroubled, free from care, secure
sedes, sedis, f
Home, seat
seges, segetis, f
Corn, crop
segnis, segnis, segne
Sluggish, inactive, lingering, slow
senior, senioris
Elder
sensus, sensus, m
Sensation, feeling, understanding, judgement, meaning
servio, servire, servii/servivi, servitus + dat
serve
servitus, servitutis, f
Slavery
severus, severa, severum
Serious, strict, severe, grim
siccus, sicca, siccum
Dry
sidus, sideris, n
Constellation, star
significo, significare, significavi, significatus
Indicate, mean, signify
sileo, silere, silui
Be silent, rest
simulo, simulare, simulavi, simulatus
Pretend, imitate
sino, sinere, sii/sivi, situs
Allow
singularis, singularis, singulare
Alone, single
singuli, singulae, singula
One each
sinus, sinus, m
Lap, fold, curve, bay
societas, societatis, f
Alliance
sodalis, sodalis, m
Comrade
sol, solis, m
Sun
sollicito, sollicitare, sollicitavi, sollicitatus
Rouse, excite, disturb
sollicitudo, sollicitudinis, f
Anxiety, disquiet
solum, soli, n
Ground, floor, soil
somnus, somni, m
Sleep
somnium, somnii, n
Dream
sono, sonare, sonui, sonitus
Make a noise, resound
sonus, soni, m
Sound, noise
sonitus, sonitus, m
Sound, noise, din
sopor, soporis, m
Sleep, stupor
sordidus, sordida, sordidum
Shabby, dirty, base, vile
sors, sortis, f
Lot, chance, fate, destiny, prophecy
spatium, spatii, n
Space, expanse, distance, interval, opportunity
species, speciei, f
Sight, appearance, likeness, idea
sperno, spernere, sprevi, spretus
Reject, scorn
spiritus, spiritus, m
Spirit, life, inspiration, breath
statio, stationis, f
Post, status
statua, statuae, f
Statue, image
status, status, m
Position, situation; pay, tax, military service
studeo, studere, studui + dat
Be eager, study, be devoted
studiosus, studiosa, studiosum
Keen, eager, devoted, enthusiastic, studious
stultitia, stultitiae, f
Foolishness, folly
stuprum, stupri, n
Disgrace, dishonour
subicio, subicere, subieci, subiectus
Subject, suggest
subigo, subigere, subegi, subactus
Tame, conquer, subjugate, force
subsidium, subsidii, n
Support, aid
succedo, succedere, successi, successus
Come after, follow in succession, approach
succurro, succurrere, succurri, succursus
Help
suffero, sufferre, sustuli, sublatus
Bear up, support
sumptus, sumptus, m
Expense, cost
superbia, superbiae, f
Arrogance
superbus, superba, superbum
Arrogant, overbearing, haughty
superstes, superstitis
Surviving
supersum, superesse, superfui
Remain, survive
superior, superius
Higher, former, older, greater, superior
supra + acc
Above, beyond
supremus, suprema, supremum
Highest, latest, final
supplex, supplicis
Suppliant, in humble entreaty
supplico, supplicare, supplicavi, supplicatus + dat
Entreat, beg humbly
suspicio, suspicere, suspexi, suspectus
Suspect, mistrust, look up at
suspicio, suspicionis, f
Suspicion, mistrust
suspicor, suspicari, suspicatus sum
Suspect, mistrust
taedium, taedii, n
Weariness, boredom
tango, tangere, tetigi, tactus
Touch
tardus, tarda, tardum
Slow, sluggish, deliberate
tectum, tecti, n
Roof, house
tego, tegere, texi, tectus
Cover
tellus, telluris, f
Earth, land
temere
Rashly, heedlessly, at random
temperantia, temperantiae, f
Moderation, self-control
tempero, temperare, temperavi, temperatus
Govern, regulate, show restraint
tendo, tendere, tetendi, tentus/tensus
Stretch, strain, aim at, direct
tenebrae, tenebrarum, f pl
Darkness, gloomy place
tener, tenera, tenerum
Tender, delicate, soft, yielding
tento, tentare, tentavi, tentatus
Try, test, assail
tenuis, tenuis, tenue
Thin, fine, delicate
tergum, tergi, n
Back, rear
terror, terroris, m
Terror, dread
theatrum, theatri, n
Theatre
tolero, tolerare, toleravi, toleratus
Bear, endure
tormentum, tormenti, n
Torture (metaphorical); Siege engine (literal)
tracto, tractare, tractavi, tractatus
Handle, treat, manage
traduco, traducere, traduxi, traductus
Lead across, transfer
transitus, transitus, m
Crossing over, passage
trepido, trepidare, trepidavi, trepidatus
Be agitated, quiver
tribuo, tribuere, tribui, tributus
Assign, classify, allot, grant
tribunus, tribuni, m
Tribune, officer
tribus, tribus, f
Tribe
triumphus, triumphi, m
Triumph
turba, turbae, f
Crowd, throng, disorder
turris, turris, f
Tower
ulciscor, ulcisci, ultus sum
Punish, avenge
ultimus, ultima, ultimum
Farthest, extreme, remotest, final, latest
ultra
Beyond, farther, besides
ultro
Beyond, besides, of one’s own accord
umbra, umbrae, f
Shadow, shade, ghost
umbrosus, umbrosa, umbrosum
Shady
umerus, umeri, m
Shoulder
una cum
Together with
unda, undae, f
Wave, water
urgeo, urgere, ursi
Press on, push forward, crowd
uro, urere, ussi, ustus
Burn
usque
Continuously
vaco, vacare, vacavi, vacatus
Be empty, be free
vacuus, vacua, vacuum
Empty
vadum, vadi, n
Shallow, shoal
vagor, vagari, vagatus sum
Wander, roam
valde
Greatly, very
vallis, vallis, f
Valley, vale
vallum, valli, n
Rampart
vanus, vana, vanum
Empty, idle, useless
varietas, varietatis, f
Difference, diversity
vasto, vastare, vastavi, vastatus
Lay waste
vastus, vasta, vastum
Vast, empty, desolate, uncouth
vates, vatis, m/f
Soothsayer, bard, poet
veho, vehere, vexi, vectus
Carry, convey
venenum, veneni, n
Poison
veneror, venerari, veneratus sum
Revere, worship
venia, veniae, f
Grace, pardon, favour
ver, veris, n
Spring
versus, versus, m
Verse
vesper, vesperis, m
Evening, evening-star
vestio, vestire, vestii/vestivi, vestitus
Dress, clothe
vestis, vestis, f
Clothing, coverlet
veto, vetare, vetui, vetitus
Forbid
vexo, vexare, vexavi, vexatus
Annoy
vicinus, vicina, vicinum
Neighbour, neighbouring
victus, victus, m
Food, nourishment, way of life
vicus, vici, m
Village, street
vigilia, vigiliae, f
Watch, wakefulness
vigilo, vigilare, vigilavi, vigilatus
Keep awake, watch, be vigilant
vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctus
Bind, restrain, encircle
vindico, vindicare, vindicavi, vindicatus
Punish, avenge, lay claim to, set free
vinea, vineae, f
Vineyard, mantlet
vires, virium, f pl
Strength, force
virgo, virginis, f
Maiden, girl
viridis, viridis, viride
Green
viso, visere, visi, visus
Visit, go to see, view
volvo, volvere, volvi, volutus
Roll, turn over, revolve
votum, voti, n
Vow, prayer
vulgo
Publicly, generally
vulgus, vulgi, n
Common people, multitude, throng, rabble
vultus, vultus, m
Face, expression, appearance
a, ab + abl
From, by
absum, abesse, afui
Be absent/away/distant
ac, atque
And
accido, accidere, accidi
Happen
accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus
Accept, take in, receive, hear
acer, acris, acre
Keen, sharp, fierce
acies, aciei, f
Line, battle line, army
ad + acc
To, towards, at, about, near
addo, addere, addidi, additus
Add, join
adeo
So much, so greatly, to such an extent
adhuc
Till now, still
adimo, adimere, ademi, ademptus
Take away, remove
adiuvo, adiuvare, adiuvi, adiutus
Help
adsum, adesse, adfui
Be here, be present
adulescens, adulescentis, m
Youth, young man
advenio, advenire, adveni
Arrive
adversus + acc
Against, towards
adversus
Against, opposite
aedificium, aedificii, n
Building
aedifico, aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatus
Build
aequus, aequa, aequum
Equal, fair, favourable, calm
ager, agri, m
Land, field, territory
agmen, agminis, n
Column of men, army
ago, agere, egi, actus
Do, act, drive
gratias ago, agere, egi, actus
Thank, give thanks
aliquis, aliquid
Someone, something, anyone, anything
alius, alia, aliud
Other, one, another, else
alii … alii
Some … others
alter, altera, alterum
The other, one (of two), another, a second
altus, alta, altum
High, deep
ambulo, ambulare, ambulavi, ambulatus
Walk
amica, amicae, f
Girl-friend, female friend
amicus, amici, m
Friend
amitto, amittere, amisi, amissus
Lose
amo, amare, amavi, amatus
Love, like
amor, amoris, m
Love
an
Or
ancilla, ancillae, f
Slave girl
animadverto, animadvertere, animadverti, animadversus
Notice, observe
animus, animi, m
Spirit, soul, mind, courage
annus, anni, m
Year
ante + acc
Before, in front of
antea
Before, previously
antequam
Before
aperio, aperire, aperui, apertus
Open, reveal, disclose
appareo, apparere, apparui
Appear
appropinquo, appropinquare, appropinquavi + dat
Approach, come near to
apud + acc
Among, at the house of, according to, in the opinion of
aqua, aquae, f
Water
aquila, aquilae, f
Eagle, standard
ara, arae, f
Altar
arbor, arboris, f
Tree
arcesso, arcessere, arcessivi, arcessitus
Summon, send for
argentum, argenti, n
Silver, money
arma, armorum, n pl
Arms, weapons, armour
ars, artis, f
Art, skill
ascendo, ascendere, ascendi, ascensus
Climb, go up
at
But
attonitus, attonita, attonitum
Astonished, thunder-struck
audax, audacis
Bold, daring
audeo, audere, ausus sum
Dare
audio, audire, audivi, auditus
Hear, listen to
aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus
Take away, carry off, steal
augeo, augere, auxi, auctus
Increase, exaggerate
aut
Or, either
autem
But, however
auxilium, auxilii, n
Help; (pl) (auxiliary) troops
bellum, belli, n
War
bene
Well
beneficium, beneficii, n
Kindness, service, favour
bibo, bibere, bibi
Drink
bis
Twice
bona, bonorum, n pl
Goods, possessions, property
bonus, bona, bonum
Good
brevis, breve
Short, brief
cado, cadere, cecidi, casus
Fall, perish
caedes, caedis, f
Slaughter, killing, murder
caelum, caeli, n
Sky, heaven
campus, campi, m
Plain, field
canis, canis, m/f
Dog
capio, capere, cepi, captus (in compounds -icio)
Take, catch, capture, make (a plan)
captivus, captivi, m
Captive, prisoner
caput, capitis, n
Head, person, life, capital
carus, cara, carum
Dear
castra, castrorum, n pl
Camp
causa, causae, f
Cause, reason, case
causa + gen
For the sake of
cedo, cedere, cessi, cessus
Yield, give up
celer, celeris, celere
Quick
celo, celare, celavi, celatus
Hide, conceal
cena, cenae, f
Dinner, meal
centurio, centurionis, m
Centurion
cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus
See, perceive, decree
certus, certa, certum
Certain, sure, fixed
certiorem facere
Inform
ceteri, ceterae, cetera
The rest, the other
cibus, cibi, m
Food
circum, circa + acc
Around, about
civis, civis, m/f
Citizen
civitas, civitatis, f
Citizenship, state, city, tribe
clades, cladis, f
Disaster, loss, defeat
clam
Secretly
clamo, clamare, clamavi, clamatus
Shout, exclaim, proclaim
clamor, clamoris, m
Shout, uproar, noise
clarus, clara, clarum
Clear, famous, distinguished
coepi, coepisse, coeptus
Began
cogito cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatus
Think, consider
cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus
Get to know, find out, learn
cogo, cogere, coegi, coactus
Force, compel, drive, assemble
cohors, cohortis, f
Cohort, company
colo, colere, colui, cultus
Cultivate, worship, honour
comes, comitis, m/f
Comrade, companion
committo, committere, commisi, commissus
Commit, fight, begin (battle)
comparo, comparare, comparavi, comparatus
Prepare, provide, obtain, compare
confero, conferre, contuli, conlatus
Collect, compare, contribute, bestow
conficio, conficere, confeci, confectus
Complete, wear out
coniunx, coniugis, m/f
Husband, wife, spouse
conor, conari, conatus sum
Try
consilium, consilii, n
Council, plan, advice, prudence
consisto, consistere, constiti, constitus
Halt, stand, stand firm
constituo, constituere, constitui, constitutus
Decide, establish
consul, consulis, m
Consul
consulo, consulere, consului, consultus
Consult, consider, advise
contendo, contendere, contendi, contentus
Hurry, march, contend, fight
contra + acc
Against
copiae, copiarum, f pl
Troops, forces, supplies
corpus, corporis, n
Body
cotidie
Every day, daily
cras, indeclinable
Tomorrow
credo credere, credidi, creditus + dat
Believe, trust, entrust
crimen, criminis, n
Accusation, charge, crime
crudelis, crudele
Cruel
cum + subjunctive
When, since, although
cum + abl
With
cunctus, cuncta, cunctum
All, whole
cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitus
Desire, wish, want
cur?
Why?
cura, curae, f
Care, charge, anxiety
curo, curare, curavi, curatus
to care for, to cure; with gerundive = to get something done
curro, currere, cucurri, cursus
Run
custodio, custodire, custodivi, custoditus
Guard
custos, custodis, m/f
Guard
de + abl
About, from, down from
dea, deae, f
Goddess
debeo, debere, debui, debitus
Owe, ought
decipio, decipere, decepi, deceptus
Deceive
defendo, defendere, defendi, defensus
Defend
defessus, defessa, defessum
Tired
deinde, dein
Then, next, afterwards
deleo, delere, delevi, deletus
Destroy
denique, indeclinable
At last, finally, in short
descendo, descendere, descendi, descensus
Descend, come down
deus, dei, m
God
dexter, dextra, dextrum
Right, on the right, right hand
dextra, dextrae, f
Right hand, right side
dico, dicere, dixi, dictus
Say, speak, tell
dies, diei, m (occasionally f)
Day
difficilis, difficile
Difficult
dignitas, dignitatis, f
Rank, dignity, importance, honour
dignus, digna, dignum + abl
Worthy/deserving of
diligens, diligentis
Careful, diligent
dimitto, dimittere, dimisi, dimissus
Dismiss, scatter
dirus, dira, dirum
Dreadful
discedo, discedere, discessi, discessus
Depart, leave
disco, discere, didici
Learn
dissimilis, dissimile
Different
diu
For a long time
dives, divitis
Rich
divitiae, divitiarum, f pl
Riches, wealth
do, dare, dedi, datus
give
doceo, docere, docui, doctus
Teach, inform
doleo, dolere, dolui
Hurt, be in pain, lament
dolor, doloris, m
Pain, sorrow, anger
domina, dominae, f
Mistress
dominus, domini, m
Master
domus, domus, f
House, home
donum, doni, n
Gift, present
dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormitus
Sleep
dubito, dubitare, dubitavi, dubitatus
Doubt, hesitate
dubius, dubia, dubium
Doubtful, unwavering, certain
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus
Lead, take, marry, consider
dum
While, until, provided that
durus, dura, durum
Hard, harsh, rough
dux, ducis, m
Leader, general, ruler
e, ex + abl
From, out of, out
efficio, efficere, effeci, effectus
Carry out, accomplish
effugio, effugere, effugi
Escape
ego, mei
I, me
egredior, egredi, egressus sum
Go out, come out
emo, emere, emi, emptus
Buy
enim
For
eo
Thither, to there
eo, ire, ii/ivi
Go
epistula, epistulae, f
Letter
eques, equitis, m
Knight, horseman, (pl) cavalry
equus, equi, m
Horse
erga + acc
Towards
erro, errare, erravi, erratus
Wander, make a mistake
et
And, both
etiam
Also, even, still
etsi
Although
excipio, excipere, excepi, exceptus
Receive, take in, welcome, catch
excito, excitare, excitavi, excitatus
Wake, rouse, excite
exercitus, exercitus, m
Army
exitium, exitii, n
Ruin, destruction
exspecto, exspectare, exspectavi, exspectatus
Wait for, expect
extra + acc
Outside, beyond
facilis, facile
Easy
facinus, facinoris, n
Crime, deed, outrage
facio, facere, feci, factus (in compounds -ficio)
Make, do
fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsus
Deceive, cheat
fama, famae, f
Rumor, fame, glory
familia, familiae, f
Family, household
felix, felicis
Fortunate, happy, prosperous
femina, feminae, f
Woman
fere
Nearly, about
fero, ferre, tuli, latus
Bear, carry, bring, say
ferox, ferocis
Fierce, cruel, brave
ferrum, ferri, n
Iron, sword
festino, festinare, festinavi
Hurry
fidelis, fidele
Trustworthy, faithful, loyal
fides, fidei, f
Trust, faith, confidence, loyalty
fido fidere, fisus sum + dat/abl
Trust, rely upon
filia, filiae, f
Daughter
filius, filii, m
Son
finis, finis, m
End, boundary, (pl) territory
fio, fieri, factus sum
Become, be made, happen
flumen, fluminis, n
River
foedus, foederis, n
Treaty, agreement
fortasse
Perhaps
forte
By chance
fortis, forte
Brave, strong, bold
fortuna, fortunae, f
Fate, luck, fortune
forum, fori, n
Forum, market place
frango, frangere, fregi, fractus
Break, crush
frater, fratris, m
Brother
frigus, frigoris, n
Cold
frumentum, frumenti, n
Corn, grain
frustra
In vain
fuga, fugae, f
Flight, escape
fugio, fugere, fugi
Flee, run away, avoid
furor, furoris, m
Rage, fury, passion, madness
gaudeo, gaudere, gavisus sum
Rejoice
gaudium, gaudii, n
Joy, delight
gens, gentis, f
Race, family, tribe, people, nation
genus, generis, n
Race, descent, birth, kind
gero, gerere, gessi, gestus
Bear, wear, wage war, manage
gladius, gladii, m
Sword
gratia, gratiae, f
Favour, thanks, esteem
gravis, grave
Heavy, serious, painful, important
haud
Not
heri, indeclinable
Yesterday
hic
Here
hiems, hiemis, f
Winter, storm
hinc
From here, hence, henceforth
homo, hominis, m
Man, person
honor, honoris, m
Honour, esteem, glory
hora, horae, f
Hour
hortor, hortari, hortatus sum
Urge, encourage
hospes, hospitis, m
Guest, host
huc
Here, to this place
humus, humi, f
Ground, Earth
iaceo, iacere, iacui
Lie down
iacio, iacere, ieci, iactus
Throw
iam
Now, already
non iam
No longer
idem, eadem, idem
The same
Ibi
There, then
idoneus, idonea, idoneum
Suitable, convenient
igitur
Therefore, and so
ignis, ignis, m
Fire
ignoro, ignorare, ignoravi, ignoratus
not know, be ignorant, misunderstand
illic
There
impedio, impedire, impedivi, impeditus
Delay, hinder, prevent, hamper
imperium, imperii, n
Command, power, empire
impero, imperare, imperavi, imperatus + dat
Order, command
impetus, impetus, m
Attack, impulse
incendium, incendii, n
Fire
incendo, incendere, incendi, incensus
Burn, set on fire, inflame, rouse
incipio, incipere, incepi, inceptus
Begin
inde
From there, thereupon, next
infero, inferre, intuli, illatus/inlatus
Inflict, bring to, cause, carry against
signa inferre
Charge, attack
bellum inferre + dat
Make war on
ingenium, ingenii, n
Character, ability
ingens, ingentis
Huge
ingredior, ingredi, ingressus sum
Enter, undertake
inimicus, inimici, m
Personal enemy
iniquus, iniqua, iniquum
Unfair, unjust, unfavourable
initium, initii, n
Beginning
iniuria, iniuriae, f
Injury, injustice, wrong
inopia, inopiae, f
Shortage, lack, poverty
inspicio, inspicere, inspexi, inspectus
Look at, inspect, examine
insula, insulae, f
Island, block of flats
intellego, intellegere, intellexi, intellectus
Understand, perceive, realise
intra + acc
Inside, within
intro, intrare, intravi, intratus
Enter
invenio, invenire, inveni, inventus
Find, discover
invito, invitare, invitavi, invitatus
Invite
invitus, invita, invitum
Unwilling, reluctant
ira, irae, f
Anger
iter, itineris, n
Journey, march , way
iterum
Again
iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus
Order, command
iudex, iudicis, m/f
Judge, juror
iustus, iusta, iustum
Just, right, lawful, complete
labor, labi, lapsus sum
Glide, slip, fall
labor, laboris, m
Work, toil, trouble
laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus
Work, toil
laetus, laeta, laetum
Happy, glad
latus, lata, latum
Wide, broad
latus, lateris, n
Side, wing
laus, laudis, f
Praise, honour, credit
legatus, legati, m
Commander, ambassador, envoy
lego, legere, legi, lectus
Read, choose
levis, leve
Light, slight
libens, libentis
Willing, glad
libero, liberare, liberavi, liberatus
Set free
libertas, libertatis, f
Freedom
libertus, liberti, m
Freedman
licet, licere, licuit + dat
It is allowed
littera, litterae, f (usually pl. with sg. meaning)
Letter
locus, loci, m
Place, position, situation, opportunity
loquor, loqui, locutus sum
Speak, talk
magister, magistri, m
Teacher, master
magnopere
Very much, greatly
magis
More, rather
malo, malle, malui
Prefer
mando, mandare, mandavi, mandatus
Commit, entrust, command
mane
In the morning, early
maneo, manere, mansi, mansus
Remain, stay
manus, manus, f
Hand, band
mare, maris, n
sea
medius, media, medium
Middle (of)
mens, mentis, f
Mind
mensis, mensis, m
Month
metus, metus, m
Fear
mirabilis, mirabile
Strange, wonderful
miror, mirari, miratus sum
Wonder at, admire
modo
Just now, only
modus, modi, m
Manner, way, kind
moenia, moenium, n pl
City walls, city
moneo, monere, monui, monitus
Warn, advise, teach
mons, montis, m
Mountain
morbus, morbi, m
Sickness, disease
mos, moris, m
Custom, habit, morals, (pl) character
mulier, mulieris, f
Woman
multitudo, multitudinis, f
Crowd, multitude
munio, munire, munivi, munitus
Fortify, defend, guard
munus, muneris, n
Service, duty, present
murus, muri, m
Wall, rampart
muto, mutare, mutavi, mutatus
Change, alter
nascor, nasci, natus sum
am born
natura, naturae, f
Nature
nauta, nautae, m
Sailor
navigo, navigare, navigavi, navigatus
Sail
navis longa
Warship
navis oneraria
Merchant ship
ne
Lest, that not
necesse
Necessary
neglego, neglegere, neglexi, neglectus
Neglect, disregard
nego, negare, negavi, negatus
Say no, deny, refuse, say that…not
negotium, negotii, n
Business
nemo, nullius
No one, nobody
nisi
Unless, if not, except
nobilis, nobile
Noble, famous
nomen, nominis, n
Name
nondum
Not yet
nonne?
Surely?
nonnulli, nonnullae, nonnulla
Some, several
notus, nota, notum
Known, well-known, famous
novi, notus (perfect with present meaning)
Know
num
Surely…not, whether
numerus, numeri, m
Number
nuntio, nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatus
Announce, report
nuntius, nuntii, m
Messenger, message, news
ob + acc
Because of, on account of
obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus sum
Forget
obses, obsidis, m/f
Hostage
obsideo, obsidere, obsedi, obsessus
Besiege, blockade
obviam eo, ire, ii/ivi + dat
Meet, go to meet, oppose, resist
occasio, occasionis, f
Opportunity, occasion
occupo, occupare, occupavi, occupatus
Seize, take possession of, occupy
odi, odisse (perfect with present meaning)
Hate
odium, odii, n
Hatred
odio est + dat
Be hated by
officium, officii, n
Duty, task, function
olim
Once, formerly, one day
omitto, omittere, omisi, omissus
Neglect, disregard, make no mention of, let go
omnino
Altogether, at all, entirely
onus, oneris, n
Burden, load
opera, operae, f
Work, effort, attention, trouble
operam do
Take pains, give attention (to)
oportet, oportere, oportuit
Be necessary, ought, must
oppidum, oppidi, n
Town
opprimo, opprimere, oppressi, oppressus
Overwhelm, crush, weigh down
oppugno, oppugnare, oppugnavi, oppugnatus
Attack
(ops) opis, f
help; (pl) resources, riches
opus, operis, n
Work, toil, construction
opus est, esse, fuit + abl (impersonal)
There is need of
oratio, orationis, f
Speech
ordo, ordinis, m
Rank, order, line
orno, ornare, ornavi, ornatus
Adorn, decorate, provide, equip
oro, orare, oravi, oratus
Beg
os, oris, n
Mouth, face
ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, ostentus
Show, point out, indicate
otium, otii, n
Leisure, idleness, peace
paene
Almost, nearly
palam
Openly
par, paris
Equal
parco, parcere, peperci + dat
Spare
parens, parentis, m/f
Parent; (pl) relations
pareo, parere, parui + dat
Obey
pario, parere, peperi, partus
Bear, win, acquire, gain, secure
paro, parare, paravi, paratus
Prepare, provide
pars, partis, f
Part, some, directif
parvus, parva, parvum
Small
passim
In all directions, far and wide, everywhere
passus, passus, m
Pace
mille passus (pl milia passuum)
Mile
patior, pati, passus sum
Suffer, endure, allow
patria, patriae, f
Native land, homeland
pauci, paucae, pauca
Few, a few
paulatim
Gradually, little by little
paulisper
For a short time
paulum, paulo
A little, somewhat
pauper, pauperis
Poor
pedes, peditis, m
Infantry
pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsus
Push, drive, rout
perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditus
Destroy, lose
pereo, perire, perii
Die, perish, be ruined
perficio, perficere, perfeci, perfectus
Bring about, complete, perfect
peritus, perita, peritum + gen/abl
Skilled (in)
persuadeo, persuadere, persuasi + dat
Persuade, convince
perterritus, perterrita, perterritum
Very frightened, terrified
pervenio, pervenire, perveni
Reach, arrive
pes, pedis, m
Foot
peto, petere, petivi, petitus
Seek, ask for, make for, attack
placet, placere, placuit + dat
It pleases, it suits, it is resolved
plebs, plebis, f
The people, common people
plenus, plena, plenum
Full, filled
plerique, pleraeque, pleraque
Most, the majority
poena, poenae, f
Punishment, penalty
poenas do
Pay the penalty, be punished
polliceor, polliceri, pollicitus sum
Promise
pono, ponere, posui, positus
Put, place, set up
populus, populi, m
People, nation
porta, portae, f
Gate
porto, portare, portavi, portatus
Carry, bear, take
portus, portus, m
Harbour, port
posco, poscere, poposci
Demand, ask for
postremus, postrema, postremum
Last
postridie
On the next day
postulo, postulare, postulavi, postulatus
Demand, ask
potestas, potestatis, f
Power, authority, opportunity
potior, potiri, potitus sum + gen/abl
Seize, get possession of
potius
Rather, more
praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitus
Provide, give, show, offer
praeda, praedae, f
Booty, plunder
praemium, praemii, n
Prize, reward
praeficio, praeficere, praefeci, praefectus
Put in charge (of)
praesidium, praesidii, n
Protection, garrison, fortification
praeter + acc
Beyond, except, besides
praeterea
Besides, moreover, in addition
precor, precari, precatus sum
Pray, pray to, beg
pretium, pretii, n
Price, value
primus, prima, primum
First, chief
prior, prioris
Previous, former
prius
Before, previously
priusquam
Before, until
pro + abl
In front of, for, on behalf of, in return for
procedo, procedere, processi
Advance, proceed
procul
Far away, distant
prodo, prodere, prodidi, proditus
Betray, surrender
proelium, proelii, n
Battle
proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum
Set out, depart
progredior, progredi, progressus sum
Advance, proceed
promitto, promittere, promisi, promissus
Promise
propter + acc
On account of, because of
provincia, provinciae, f
Province
proximus, proxima, proximum
Nearest, next, last
publicus, publica, publicum
Public, common
pudor, pudoris, m
Shame, modesty, honour, disgrace
punio, punire, punivi, punitus
Punish
puto, putare, putavi, putatus
Think, consider, reckon
quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus
Search for, ask for, ask, inquire
qualis? quale?
What sort of
quam
How, than, as
quam + superlative
As … as possible
quando?
When
quantus, quanta, quantum?
How big? How much?
quasi
As if, just as, nearly
quia
Because
quidam, quaedam, quoddam
One, a certain, some
quidem
Indeed, in fact, however
ne … quidem
Not … even
quies, quietis, f
Rest, peace, quiet
quis? quid?
Who? What? Any
quisquam, quicquam
Anyone, anything
quisque, quaeque, quidque
Each, each one, every
quisquis, quicquid
Whoever, whatever
quo?
Where to?
quoad
As long as, until
quod
Because
quod si
But if
quomodo?
How? In what way?
quoniam
Since
quot?
How many?
quotiens?
How often? as often as
rapio, rapere, rapui, raptus
Seize, grab, carry off, plunder
ratio, rationis, f
Account, reckoning, manner, reason
recens, recentis
Recent, fresh
recipio, recipere, recepi, receptus
Regain, receive, welcome
me recipio
Retreat, withdraw
recito, recitare, recitavi, recitatus
Recite, read aloud
rectus, recta, rectum
Straight, direct, right, proper
reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditus
Give back, restore, hand over, make
redeo, redire, redii
Return, go back, come back
refero, referre, rettuli, relatus
Bring back, report, refer
pedem/me refero
Retreat
reficio, reficere, refeci, refectus
Repair, restore, refresh
rego, regere, rexi, rectus
Rule, direct
regredior, regredi, regressus sum
Go back, return
relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictus
Leave, leave behind, abandon
reliquus, reliqua, reliquum
The rest of, the other
res publica, rei publicae, f
State, republic
respondeo, respondere, respondi, responsus
Answer, reply
retineo, retinere, retinui, retentus
Hold back, restrain, keep
ripa, ripae, f
Bank
rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus
Ask, ask for
rus, ruris, n
Country, countryside
sacerdos, sacerdotis, m/f
Priest, priestess
saevus, saeva, saevum
Savage, cruel
salus, salutis, f
Health, safety, greeting
saluto, salutare, salutavi, salutatus
Greet, salute
sanguis, sanguinis, m
Blood
sapiens, sapientis
Wise, sensible
sapientia, sapientiae, f
wisdom, good sense
satis
Enough
scelus, sceleris, n
Crime, wickedness
scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus
Write
scutum, scuti, n
Shield
secundus, secunda, secundum
Following, second, next, favourable
sedes, sedis, f
Seat, temple, home
semel
Once
senatus, senatus, m
Senate
sententia, sententiae, f
Opinion, judgement, sentence
sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus
Feel, hear, notice, judge
sequor, sequi, secutus sum
Follow, pursue, attend
servo, servare, servavi, servatus
Save, protect, keep
sic
Thus, in this way
sicut
Just as, like, as, as if
signum, signi, n
Sign, signal, standard
silentium, silentii, n
Silence
silva, silvae, f
Wood, forest
similis, simile
Similar, like
simul
At the same time, together
simulac, simulatque
As soon as
sinister, sinistra, sinistrum
Left, on the left, unfavourable
sinistra, sinistrae, f
Left hand, left side
sino, sinere, sivi, situs
Allow, permit
sive, seu
Or if, whether
socius, socii, m
Ally, comrade, companion
soleo, solere, solitus sum
Be accustomed
solum
Only
solus, sola, solum
Alone, only, lonely, single
solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus
Loose, pay
navem solvo
Set sail
soror, sororis, f
Sister
specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatus
Look at, watch
spero, sperare, speravi, speratus
Hope, expect
spes, spei, f
Hope
spolium, spolii, n
Booty, spoil(s)
statim
At once, immediately
statuo, statuere, statui, statutus
Fix, determine, decide, arrange
sto, stare, steti, status
Stand, stand firm
studium, studii, n
Eagerness, study, devotion
sub + abl/acc
Under, beneath; up to
subito
Suddenly
summus, summa, summum
Highest, greatest, top
sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptus
Take, take up
supero, superare, superavi, superatus
Overcome, overpower
superus, supera, superum
Upper, higher
surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectus
Get up, stand up, rise
suscipio, suscipere, suscepi, susceptus
Take up, undertake, begin, bear
tacitus, tacita, tacitum
Quiet, silent, in silence
talis, tale
Such
tam
So
tamen
However, nevertheless, yet
tandem
At last, finally
tantum
Only
tantus, tanta, tantum
So great, such a great, so much
telum, teli, n
Weapon, javelin, missile
tempestas, tempestatis, f
Weather, storm, time
tempus, temporis, n
Time
teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus
Hold, keep, maintain
terra, terrae, f
Ground, land, earth
terreo, terrere, terrui, territus
Frighten
timeo, timere, timui
Fear, be afraid
timor, timoris, m
Fear, anxiety
tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus
Raise, lift up, remove, destroy
tot
So many
totus, tota, totum
Whole, entire, all
trado, tradere, tradidi, traditus
Hand over, entrust, hand down, surrender
traho, trahere, traxi, tractus
Pull, drag, draw
trans + acc
Across, over
tristis, triste
Sad, gloomy, grim
tumultus, tumultus, m
Uproar, disturbance, civil war
tutus, tuta, tutum
Safe
ubique
Everywhere
ullus, ulla, ullum
Any
ultimus, ultima, ultimum
Furthest, last, utmost
umquam
Ever
una
Together
unde
From where, whence
undique
From all sides, on all sides
usque
All the way, right up to, continuously
usus, usus, m
Use, experience, practice
usui est
It is useful
ut + indicative
As, where, when, how
uter, utra, utrum?
Which (of two)?
uterque, utraque, utrumque
Each (of two), both
utrum
Whether
utor, uti, usus sum + abl
Use, enjoy
valeo, valere, valui
Be strong, have influence
validus, valida, validum
Strong, powerful
vehementer
Violently, loudly, strong
vel
Or, either
velut
Just as, like, as, as if
ventus, venti, m
Wind
vereor, vereri, veritus sum
Fear, be afraid
vero
Indeed, in fact, however
verto, vertere, verti, versus
Turn
terga verto
Retreat
verus, vera, verum
True, real
vester, vestra, vestrum
Your (pl)
vetus, veteris
Old
victor, victoris, m
Victor, conqueror
victoria, victoriae, f
Victory
videor, videri, visus sum
Seem, appear, be seen
vinco, vincere, vici, victus
Conquer, defeat, win, be victorious
virtus, virtutis, f
Courage, virtue
vis pl vires, f
force, violence; (pl) strength, forces
vito, vitare, vitavi, vitatus
Avoid
vivo, vivere, vixi
Live, be alive, (+abl) to live on
vivus, viva, vivum
Alive, living
vix
Hardly, scarcely, with difficulty
voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus
Call, summon, invite, name
vox, vocis, f
Voice, shout, word
vulnero, vulnerare, vulneravi, vulneratus
Wound, injure
vulnus, vulneris, n
Wound, injury
vultus, vultus, m
Face, expression, appearance, character
abicio, abicere, abieci, abiectus
Throw down/away
abrumpo, abrumpere, abrupi, abruptus
Break off/sever
absumo, absumere, absumpsi, absumptus
Reduce, consume
accumbo, accumbere, accubui
Lie down
acer, aceris, n
Maple tree
acervus, acervi, m
Heap, pile
acus, acus, m
Hairpin, needle
adaperio, adaperire, adaperui, adapertus
Open fully
adedo, adedere, adedi, adesus
Consume
adfecto, adfectare, adfectavi, adfectatus
Strive after, grasp at
adiungo, adiungere, adiunxi, adiunctus
Join, connect
admitto, admittere, admisi, admissus
Send to, admit, allow
admoveo, admovere, admovi, admotus
Move/bring to
adsuetus, adsueta, adsuetum
Usual, customary
adulter, adultera, adulterum
Unchaste
aestus, aestus, m
Heat; wave, tide
agilis, agile
Light, agile
ales, alitis, m/f
Bird
amator, amatoris, m
Lover
ambiguus, ambigua, ambiguum
Uncertain, doubtful
ambitiosus, ambitiosa, ambitiosum
Twisting; ambitious, eager
anilis, anile
Old woman
animosus, animosa, animosum
Courageous, bold
annuus, annua, annuum
Of the year, yearly
anus, anus, f
Old woman
apertus, aperta, apertum
Uncovered, open, public
apis, apis, f
Bee
appono, apponere, apposui, appositus
Place near, appoint
aranea, araneae, f
Spider
aratrum, aratri, f
Plough
arca, arcae, f
Chest, box
arcanus, arcana, arcanum
Secret, mysterious, hidden
aries, arietis, m
Ram
armilla, armillae, f
Bracelet
artus, artus, m
Limb, leg
abripio, abripere, abripui, abreptus
Take away violently
abrogo, abrogare, abrogavi, abrogatus
Annul in all its parts
absolvo, absolvere, absolvi, absolutus
Absolve (someone of), complete
accelero, accelerare, acceleravi, acceleratus
Hasten
adhortator, adhortatoris, m
Exhorter, encourager
adhortor, adhortari, adhortatus sum
Urge on
admiratio, admirationis, f
Admiration
adoleo, adolere, adolui, adultus
Cause to increase
adsurgo, adsurgere, adsurrexi, adsurrectus
Adulterer
adulterium, adulterii, n
Adultery
adventus, adventus, m
Arrival
advocatio, advocationis, f
Consoling, comforting
advocatus, advocati, m
A friend who supports a party in a trial
alieno, alienare, alienavi, alienatus
Make other, alienate
aliquamdiu
For some time
aliquot, indeclinable
Some, several
anteeo -ire -ivi (-ii) -ire
Go before, surpass
antesignanus, antesignani, m
Leader, commander
antiquus, antiqua, antiquum
Ancient, old
appello, appellere, appuli, appulsus
drive to, bring to
apto, aptare, aptavi, aptatus
Adapt, prepare; fit together, join
ardor, ardoris, m
Burning, heat, eagerness
argumentum, argumenti, n
Evidence, proof, argument
armatura, armaturae, f
Armour, equipment
arrepo, arrepere, arrepsi, arreptus
Creep towards
arvum, arvi, n
Field
asper, aspera, asperum
Rough
asto, astare, astiti
Stand near
atavus, atavi, m
Grandfather
ater, atra, atrum
Black
attenuo, attenuare, attenuavi, attenuatus
Make thin, weaken
aurifer, aurifera, auriferum
Gold-bearing, gold-producing
auro, aurare, auravi, auratus
Gild
aurora, aurorae, f
Dawn, aurora
auspicium, auspicii, n
Divination, authority
aveho, avehere, avectus
Carry off, bear away
axis, axis, m
Axel, sky
bidens, bidentis, m
Mattock, hoe
blandior, blandiri, blanditus sum
Flatter, charm
blanditia, blanditiae / blandities, blanditiei, f
Flattery, endearment
blandus, blanda, blandum
Flattering, pleasant
bos, bovis, m/f
Ox, cow
bubo, bubonis, m
Owl
canesco, canescere
Become white/old
cardo, cardinis, m
Hinge
carina, carinae, f
Keel; ship
cariosus, cariosa, cariosum
Decayed, rotten
carnifex, carnificis, m
Executioner
castigatus, castigata, castigatum
Checked, restrained
caterva, catervae, f
Band, crowd
causor, causari, causatus sum
Plead, pretend, blame
cautus, cauta, cautum
Cautious, careful, prudent
cedrus, cedri, f
Cedar
census, census, m
Census, wealth
cesso, cessare, cessavi, cessatus
Cease
cicuta, cicutae, f
Hemlock
claustrum, claustri, n
Bolt, bar
clipeus/clipeum, clipei, m/n
Round shield
clivosus, clivosa, clivosum
Steep, hilly
cognitor, cognitori, m
Attorney
cohaereo, cohaerere, cohaesi, cohaesus
Cling/adhere to
coloratus, colorata, coloratum
Coloured
columba, columbae, f
Pigeon, dove
artus, arta, artum
Straitened, narrow
arx, arcis, f
Summit, citadel
assero, asserere, assevi, assitus
Plant near
assertor, assertoris, m
Defender, protector, champion
avolo, avolare, avolavi, avolatus
Fly away
bellator, bellatoris, m
Warrior
biduum, bidui, n
Two day period
caedo, caedere, cecidi, caesus
Kill, strike, cut
calcar, calcaris, n
Spur
caligo, caliginis, f
Mist
capesso, capessere, capessivi, capessitus
Seize
castigator, castigatoris, m
Corrector, reprover
castitas, castitatis, f
Purity of morals, morality
castus, casta, castum
Pure
centurio, centuriare
Divide into centuries, organise
ceterum
Otherwise, but, however
circumduco, circumducere, circumduxi, circumductus
Lead around, mislead
circumeo, circumire, circumii/circumivi, circumitus
Go around
circumvenio, circumvenire, circumveni, circumventus
Surround
citatus, citata, citatum
Swiftly driven, running
cloaca, cloacae, f
Sewer, drain
coacervo, coacervare, coacervavi, coacervatus
Pile up
cohibeo, cohibere, cohibui, cohibitus
Hold together
collis, collis, m
Hill
comissatio, comissationis, f
Revelry, rioting
comiter
in a friendly manner
comitium, comitii, n
Assembly
comito, comitare, comitavi, comitatus
Accompany, follow
commeatus, commeatus, m
Commerce, provisions, leave of absence
commeatus, commeatus, m
Commerce, provisions, leave of absence
commentarius, commentarii, m
Notebook, commentary
commentarius, commentarii, m
Notebook, commentary
commentarius, commentarii, m
Notebook, commentary
communis, communis, commune
Common, general
competo, competere, competii/competivi, competitus
Coincide with
comploratio, complorationis, f
Lamentation, complaint
comprimo, comprimere, compressi, compressus
Compress
concilio, conciliare, conciliavi, conciliatus
Advise, reconcile
conclamo, conclamare, conclamavi, conclamatus
Shout
concubitus, concubitus, m
Lying together, concubinage
concursus, concursus, m
Concourse, crowd
confercio, confercire, confersi, confertus
Cram together
conglobo, conglobare, conglobavi, conglobatus
Crowd together
consequor, consequi, consecutus sum
Overtake, attain
considero, considerare, consideravi, consideratus
Consider
consolor, consolari, consolatus sum
Comfort, console
conspectus, conspectus, m
Look, sight, view
constantia, constantiae, f
Firmness, perseverance
consulatus, consulatus, m
Consulship
consulto, consultare, consultavi, consultatus
Reflect, deliberate
contionabundus, a, um
Speaking in public
convello, convellere, convelli, convulsus
Pull violently, pluck
convicium, convicii, n
Clamour, abuse, mockery
convivium, convivii, n
Banquet, feast
coram (adv. or prep. + abl.)
Personally; openly, publicly
corruo, corruere, corrui, corrutus
Fall completely, fall down
culter, cultri, m
Plowshare; knife
cumulus, cumuli, m
Heap, flood
cunctor, cunctari, cunctatus sum
Delay
custodia, custodiae, f
Custody, protection, prisoner
custos, custodis, m
Guardian
committo, committere, commisi, commissus
Join, entrust
commodum, commodi, n
Benefit
como, comere, compsi, comptus
Arrange, adorn
conductor, conductoris, m
Contractor
confero, conferre, contuli, collatus
Collect, transfer, move
congero, congerere, congessi, congestus
Gather together
conscius, conscia, conscium
Conscious
conserva, conservae, f; conservus, conservi, m
Fellow slave
consonus, consona, consonum
Harmonious
consuetus, consueta, consuetum
Accustomed, usual
consultus/ iuris consultus/ iurisconsultus, -i, m
Legal expert, jurist
contineo, continere, continui, contentus
Contain, restrain
continuo, continuare, continuavi, continuatus
Connect, unite
contrarius, contraria, contrarium
Opposite
contundo, contundere, contudi, contusus
Beat, crush, bruise, destroy
convinco, convincere, convici, convictus
Prove wrong, find guilty
conviva, convivae, m
Guest at meal
corneus, cornea, corneum
Made of horn
cortex, corticis, m
Bark, shell, cork
cothurnus/conturnus, conthurni, m
Buskin
credibilis, credibile
Believable, credible
crepusculum, crepusculi, m
Evening, twilight
crinis, crinis, m
Hair
crux, crucis, f
Cross
cubo, cubare, cubui, cubitus
Lie down, recline
cuspis, cuspidis, f
Sharp point, spear
decens, decentis
Attractive, seemly
dedecet, dedecere, dedecuit
It disgraces
dedico, dedicare, dedicavi, dedicatus
Declare, dedicate
dedignor, dedignari, dedignatus sum
Refuse scornfully
defungor, defungi, defunctus sum
Finish, complete
depereo, deperire, deperii/deperivi, deperitus
Destroy completely
deprehendo, deprehendere, deprehendi, deprehensus
Catch, seize, understand
deripio, deripere, deripui, dereptus
Snatch away, tear down
deripio, deripere, deripui, dereptus
Snatch away, tear down
deservio, deservire, deservivi, deservitus
Serve, be devoted to
desidia, desidiae, f
Idleness, inactivity
desidiosus, desidiosa, desidiosum
Idle, lazy
desisto, desistere, destiti, destitus
Cease, desist
desultor, desultoris, m
Acrobat
detracto, detractare, detractavi, detractatus
Decline, refuse
detraho, detrahere, detraxi, detractus
Take away from
devoveo, devovere, devovi, devotus
Dedicate
diduco, diducere, diduxi, diductus
Draw apart, separate
digero, digere, digessi, digestus
Separate, arrange
dirigo (derigo) dirigere, direxi, directus
Lay straight
discinctus, discincta, discinctum
Easygoing, undisciplined
disertus, diserta, disertum
Eloquent, expressive
dispendium, dispendii, n
Expenditure, loss
dispono, disponere, disposui, dispositus
Place, arrange, distribute
dividuus, dividua, dividuum
Divided
docilis, docile
Teachable, responsive
dos, dotis, f
Gift, endowment, dowry
dummodo
Provided that
duplico, duplicare, duplicavi, duplicatus
Fold over, double
edax, edacis
Voracious, greedy
edisco, ediscere, edidici
Learn thoroughly, study
eloquium, eloquii, n
Eloquence
emodulor, emodulari, emodulatus sum
Mesure out, put into metre
ephemeris, ephemeridis, f
Day-book, account-book
equa, equae, f
Mare
error, erroris, m
Wandering, error
erubesco, erubescere, erubui
Grow red, blush
erudio, erudire, erudii, eruditus
Teach, train, instruct
evoco, evocare, evocavi, evocatus
Call out, summon
exanimus -a -um or exanimis -e
Breathless, lifeless
excludo, excludere, exclusi, exclusus
Shut out, exclude; leave uncovered
excubiae, excubiarum, f pl
The keeping of a watch, a watch
excubiae, excubiarum, f pl
The keeping of a watch, a watch
eximo, eximere, exemi, exemptus
Take away, remove
experiens, experientis
Active, enterprising
exsulto (exulto), exsulatre, exsultavi, exsultatus
Be ecstatic, exult
externus, externa, externum
Outside, foreign, strange
extero, exterere, exterivi, exteritus
Rub out, wear away
exterritus, exterrita, exterritum
Badly frightened
fabrilis, fabrile
Skilfully made
fallax, fallacis
Deceitful, treacherous, false
debitum, debiti, n
Debt
decedo, decedere, decessi, decessus
Move away; withdraw
decemviri -orum or -um, m
Decemviri/decemvirs (commission of ten men)
declaro, declarare, declaravi, declaratus
Make clear, reveal
decretum, decreti, n
Decision, decree
dedecus, dedecoris, n
Shame, disgrace
deficio, deficere, defeci, defectus
Fail, revolt from
defigo, defigere, defixi, defixus
Fix
dehinc
Then, next
deinceps
In order
delenio, delenire, delenii, delenitus
Soothe, soften
delictum, delicti, n
Wrong
demergo, demergere, demersi, demersus
Dip, plunge
denuntio, denuntiare, denuntiavi, denuntiatus
Denounce
deploro, deplorare, deploravi, deploratus
Lament
depopulor, depopulari/depopulo, depopulare
Ravage
despondeo, despondere, despondi, desponsus
Promise, betroth, pledge
digredior, digredi, digressus sum
Walk/go apart
dimicatio, dimicationis, f
Fight, struggle
dimoveo, dimovere, dimovi, dimotus
Move apart/away; remove
dispello, dispellere, dispuli, dispulsus
Drive away, separate
dissentio, dissentire, dissensi, dissensus
Disagree
dissonus, dissona, dissonum
Discordant
distraho, distrahere, distraxi, distractus
Pull apart, tear to pieces
dito, ditare, ditavi, ditatus
Enrich
diverto, divertere, diverti, diversus
Turn one’s self
ducenti -ae -a; ducentesimus -a -um
200; 200th
duplex, duplicis
Double
effodio, effodere, effodi, effossus
Dig out
effundo, effundere, effudi, effusus
Pour out
emitto, emittere, emisi, emissus
Send out
equitatus, equitatus, m
Cavalry
escendo, escendere, escendi, escensus
Climb up, mount
exsto, exstare, exstavi, exstatus (also exto etc)
Stand forth/out; rise above
exanimo, exanimare, exanimavi, exanimatus
Deprive of life
excello, excellere, excellui, excelsus
Excel
excio/excieo, excire, excivi/excii, excitus
Summon, rouse up/forth; call forth
exigo, exigere, exegi, exactus
Drive out, collect, achieve, complete
exigo, exigere, exegi, exactus
Drive out, collect, achieve, complete
exorior, exoriri, exortus sum
Rise up, proceed
expedio, expedire, expedivi, expeditus
Set free; (impersonal) be useful
expello, expellere, expuli, expulsus
Propel, drive out, expel
explorator, exploratoris, m
Scout
expugno, expugnare, expugnavi, expugnatus
Assault, capture, storm, take by force
exsanguis, exsangue
Without blood
exsecror, exsecrari, exsecratus sum
Curse bitterly, execrate
exspectatio, exspectationis, f
Expectation
exsul, exsulis, m/f
Exile, banished person
exsulo, exsulare, exsulavi, exsulatus
Be in exile
extra + acc
Outside, beyond
extraho, extrahere, extraxi, extractus
Drag out, draw out
faber, fabri, m
Craftsman
facinus, facinoris, n
Deed, crime
fames, famis, f
Hunger, famine
faux, faucis, f
Mouth
ferme
Almost, nearly
ferocia, ferociae, f
Wildness, fierceness
ferociter
Ferociously, fiercely
fertilis, fertile
Productive, fertile
firmus, firma, firmum
Firm, strong
fletus, fletus, m
Weeping
foeditas, foeditatis, f
Foulness
foedus, foeda, foedum
Foul
fors, fortis, f
Chance, luck
furiae, furiarum, f
Rage
globus, globi, m
Sphere, globe
grassor, grassari, grassatus sum
Loiter, attack, riot
gratia, gratiae, f
Favour, influence, gratitude
gratulor, gratulari, gratulatus sum
Congratulate, rejoice
gratus, grata, gratum
Pleasant, grateful
gurges, gurgitis, m
Whirlpool
hastatus, hastata, hastatum
Armed with a spear
falx, falcis, f
Scythe, sickle
fatus/fatum, fati, m/n
Destiny, fate
femineus, feminea, femineum
Feminine
femur, femoris, n
Thigh
ferreus, ferrea, ferreum
Made of iron
fervidus, fervida, fervidum
Intensely hot, blazing
fidus, fida, fidum
Faithful, trustworthy
filum, fili, n
Thread, string
findo, findere, fidi, fissus
Split apart
finio, finire, finivi, finitus
Finish, limit
flagito, flagitare, flagitavi, flagitatus
Demand
flamen, flaminis, n
Gust, blast (of wind)
flavens, flaventis, flavus, flava, flavum
Golden, yellow
flexus, flexus, m
Curl, wave
flumineus, fluminea, flumineum
Of a river
foras
Out of doors
foris, foris, f
Door
formido, formidinis, f
Fear
foveo, fovere, fovi, fotus
Warm, favour
frux, frugis, f
Fruit
fulcio, fulcire, fulsi, fultus
Strengthen, fortify, reinforce
fulgeo, fulgere, fulsi, fulsus
Shine
fulmen, fulminis, n
Lightning
fulmino, fulminare, fulminavi, fulminatus
Flash/strike like lightning
funebris, funebre
Funereal
furtim
Stealthily
furtivus, furtiva, furtivum
Secret, furtive
futurum, futuri, n
Future
galea, galeae, f
Helmet
garrulus, garrula, garrulum
Talkative, chatty, babbling
garrulus, garrula, garrulum
Talkative, chatty, babbling
gena, genae, f
Cheek
genitor, genitoris, m
Father
genu, genus, n
Knee
glomero, glomerare, glomeravi, glomeratus
Form into a ball
gramen, graminis
Grass, plant, herb
graphium, graphii, n
Stylus
haudquaquam
By no means whatsoever, not at all
hospitalis, hospitale
Hospitable
honestus, honesta, honestum
Honourable, decent
hostilis, hostile
Hostile
iactura, iacturae, f
loss (of stature/prestige); sacrifice
ideo
For this reason
ignosco, ignoscere, ignovi, ignotus
Pardon, forgive
imbecillis, imbecille, imbecillus, imbecilla, imbecillum
Weak, feeble
immergo, immergere, immersi, immersus
Plunge into
immo
No indeed
impavidus, impavida, impavidum
Not afraid
imploratio, implorationis, f
An imploring
imploro, implorare, imploravi, imploratus
Implore
improbus, improba, improbum
Bad
impudicus, impudica, impudicum
Shameless
impune
With impunity
incalesco, incalescere, incalui
Grow warm
incedo, incedere, incessi, incessus
go, happen, proceed, walk
incido, incidere, incidi
Fall in/on
inclemens, inclementis
Harsh, fair
inclino, inclinare, inclinavi, inclinatus
Influence, bend, tilt
incolumis, incolumis, incolume
Uninjured
inconsultus, inconsulta, inconsultum
Without advice
indicium, indicii, n
Information, evidence
indico, indicere, indixi, indictus
Proclaim, announce
indignor, indignari, indignatus sum
Deem unworthy; fret
indignor, indignari, indignatus sum
Deem unworthy; fret
indignus, indigna, indignum
Unworthy (of)
industria, industriae, f
Diligence
iners, inertis
Unskilled, lazy
inexploratus, inexplorata, inexploratum
Unexplored
infandus, infanda, infandum
Not to be uttered
infestus, infesta, infestum
Hostile, aggressive
iniquus, iniqua, iniquum
Uneven
iniurosus, iniurosa, iniurosum
Wrongful, unfair, harmful
gremium, gremii, n
Lap, bosom
grex, gregis, m
Herd, flock
guttur, gutturis, n
Windpipe, throat
habilis, habile
Suited
harundo, harundinis, f
Reed, stick
herba, herbae, f
Grass, herb
heu
Alas! Oh!
ianitor, ianitoris, m
Doorkeeper
icio, icere, ici, ictus
Strike
imbellis, imbelle
Unwarlike, peaceful
immitis, immite
Hard, harsh, cruel
immundus, immunda, immundum
Unclean, foul
imprimo, imprimere, impressi, impressus
Apply with pressure, imprint
imprimo, imprimere, impressi, impressus
Apply with pressure, imprint
incertus, incerta, incertum
Uncertain
inclamo, inclamare, inclamavi, inclamatus
Shout abuse at (+ dative)
includo, includere, inclusi, inclusus
Enclose
incurvus, incurva, incurvum
Bent, curved
inemptus, inempta, inemptum
Unbought
ineptus, inepta, ineptum
Silly
inermis, inermis, inerme
Unarmed
infamis, infamis, infame
Infamous
inferus, infera, inferum
Low, vile; inhabitant of the underworld
inferus, infera, inferum
Low, vile; inhabitant of the underworld
inferus, infera, inferum
Low, vile; inhabitant of the underworld
infirmus, infirma, infirmum
Weak, feeble
ingeniosus, ingeniosa, ingeniosum
Talented, naturally clever
ingeniosus, ingeniosa, ingeniosum
Talented, naturally clever
innumerus, innumera, innumerum
Countless
innumerus, innumera, innumerum
Countless
inoffensus, inoffensa, inoffensum
Unhindered
inops, inopis
Lacking, poor
instar
The equivalent, just like (+ gen)
inutilis, inutile
Useless
invidiosus, invidiosa, invidiosum
Envious
invidus, invida, invidum
Envious, jealous
invisus, invisa, invisum
Unseen, secret
io
Hurrah! Oh!
iucundus, iucunda, iucundum
Pleasant, delightful, agreeable
iucundus, iucunda, iucundum
Pleasant, delightful, agreeable
iugosus, iugosa, iugosum
Hilly, mountainous
iurgium, iurgii, n
Altercation, quarrel
iuvencus, iuvenci, m
Young bull, bullock
labellum, labelli, n
Lip, small basin
inquiro, inquirere, inquisivi, inquisitus
Seek after
insigne, insignis, n
Medal, decoration
insilio, insilire, insilui/insilivi, insultus
Jump into, jump onto
insitus, insita, insitum
Implanted, fixed
insons, insontis
Innocent
instituo, instituere, institui, institutus
Undertake, equip, educate
insum, inesse, infui
Be in
insuper
Above, overhead
intento, intentare, intentavi, intentatus
Stretch
interfor, interfari, interfatus sum
Speak between, interrupt
intericio, intericere, interieci, interiectus
Introduce; insert
interpono, interponere, interposui, interpositus
Place between, include
interpono, interponere, interposui, interpositus
Place between, include
intersum, interesse, interfui
Be between, be present
intersum, interesse, interfui
Be between, be present
intervenio, intervenire, interveni, interventus
Come between, intervene
intervenio, intervenire, interveni, interventus
Come between, intervene
intervenio, intervenire, interveni, interventus
Come between, intervene
interventus, interventus, m
Intervention
intono, intonare, intonui
Thunder forth
intueor, intueri, intuitus sum
Look at
inviso, invisere, invisi, invisus
Go to see, visit
invoco, invocare, invocavi, invocatus
Call upon, invoke
invoco, invocare, invocavi, invocatus
Call upon, invoke
invoco, invocare, invocavi, invocatus
Call upon, invoke
iugulo, iugulare, iugulavi, iugulatus
Cut the throat, slay
ius, iuris, n
Broth, juice
iuventa, iuventae, f
Youth
lacrimabundus, lacrimabunda, lacrimabundum
Bursting into tears
lamentabilis, lamentabile
Deplorable
lana, lanae, f
Wool
lanius, lanii, m
Butcher
lapicida, lapicidae, m
Stone-cutter
lapsus, lapsus, m
Slipping, gliding
lapsus, lapsus, m
Slipping, gliding
lator, latoris, m
A proposer of a law
laus, laudis, f
Praise, glory
lectus, lecta, lectum
Gathered
lectus, lecti, m
Bed, couch
legio, legionis, f
Legion
liberator, liberatoris, m
Deliverer, liberator
lacertus, lacerti, m
arm (especially the upper arm)
lacrimosus, lacrimosa, lacrimosum
Tearful
lanificus, lanifica, lanificum
Wool-working, spinning
lanio, laniare, laniavi, laniatus
Lacerate
lanugo, lanuginis, f
Soft hair, down
lascivia, lasciviae, f
Playfulness, wantonness, licentiousness
lasso, lassare, lassavi, lassatus
Tire/wear out
lassus, lassa, lassum
Tired, weary
laudabilis, laudabile
Praiseworthy, laudable
laudabilis, laudabile
Praiseworthy, laudable
laurus, lauri, f
Laurel
laxus, laxa, laxum
Wide, loose, spacious, (of bows) unstrung
lena, lenae, f
Brothel-keeper
leno, lenonis, m
Pimp
levo, levare, levavi, levatus
Raise, make light
levo, levare, levavi, levatus
Raise, make light
libellus, libelli, m
Little book, document
libo, libare, libavi, libatus
Pour, taste
libum, libi, n
Cake
liceor, liceri, licitus sum
Bid for
licet
Even though
licium, licii, n
End of a thread, a thread
lignum, ligni, n
Firewood
lis, litis, f
Lawsuit, quarrel
litoreus, litorea, litoreum
Littoral, of the sea shore
liveo, livere
To be livid/black and blue with bruises
liveo, livere
To be livid/black and blue with bruises
livor, livoris, m
Bruising, envy
livor, livoris, m
Thong, strap
lucrosus, lucrosa, lucrosum
Lucrative, profitable
luctor, luctari, luctatus sum
Wrestle, struggle, strive
lupa, lupae, f
She-wolf
lusus, lusus, m
Play, game
lyra, lyrae, f
Lyre
madeo, madere, madui
Be wet, be damp
madidus, madida, madidum
Moist, wet, drunk
magus, magi, m
Wise man, magician
male
Badly
malignus, maligna, malignum
Malignant, wicked, malicious, grudging
malignus, maligna, malignum
Malignant, wicked, malicious, grudging
marceo, marcere
Wither, droop, be feeble
margo, marginis, m
Rim, border, edge, margin
manifestus, manifesta, manifestum
Clear, manifest
licentia, licentiae, f
License, freedom, liberty
lictor, lictoris, m
Lictor
lucubro, lucubrare, lucubravi, lucubratus
Work by lamp-light
luxus, luxus, m
Luxury, splendour
maestitia, maestitiae, f
Grief
magistratus, magistratus, m
Magistracy
magnificentia, magnificentiae, f
Grandeur
maiestas, maiestatis, f
Greatness, majesty
mancipium, mancipii, n
Property, possession, slave
mancipium, mancipii, n
Property, possession, slave
maritus, marita, maritum
Matrimonial
matrona, matronae, f
Matron
melior, melius
Better
mentio, mentionis f
Mention
militia, militiae, f
Military service
minime
No, not at all
miseria, miseriae, f
Wretchedness, misery
molio, molire
Build, erect
moribundus, moribunda, moribundum
Ready to die
moror, morari, moratus sum
Delay
muliebris, muliebre
Feminine, female
multa, multae, f
Penalty
multiplex, multiplicis
Manifold
multo
By much, greatly
multo
By much, greatly
ne quidem
Not even
nebula, nebulae, f
Cloud
necessitas, necessitatis, f
Necessity, need
necopinatus/nec opinatus -a -um
Unexpected
nequaquam
By no means
nequeo nequire nequii/nequivi nequitus
Be unable
Nequiquam
In vain
maternus, materna, maternum
Maternal
Medico, medicare, medicavi, medicatus (medicor)
treat, mediate (with), dye (with)
mel, mellis, n
Honey
Membrum, membri, n
Limb
Memor, memoris
Remembering
Menda, mendae, f
Fault, defect, blemish
Mercabilis, mercabile
Purchasable
Meretrix, meretricis, f
Prostitute
Merito
Deservedly
Merito
Deservedly
merum, meri, n
Wine; wine unmixed with water
merum, meri, n
Wine; wine unmixed with water
merx, mercis, f
commodity
milito, militare, militavi, militatus
Serve as a soldier
milito, militare, militavi, militatus
Serve as a soldier
ministra, ministrae, f
servant, attendant
Ministro, ministrare, ministravi, ministratus
Attend, serve
minuo, minuere, minui, minutus
Lessen
mitis, mite
Mild, ripe
moderabilis, moderabile
Controllable
modestus, modesta, modestum
Modest, restrained
modicus, modica, modicum
moderate, modest, temperate
mollio, mollire, mollivi, mollitus
soften, soothe
monile, monilis, n
Necklace
mortalis, mortale
Mortal
munimen, muniminis, n
Protection, defence, fortification
mustum, musti, n
must (fermenting grape juice)
mustum, musti, n
must (fermenting grape juice)
nativus, nativa, nativum
Native, natural
nativus, nativa, nativum
Native, natural
nativa, nativae, m
Sailor, mariner
necto, nectere, nexi, nexus
tie, bind, connect, weave
nempe
Indeed
nervus, nervi, m
Muscle, tendon, cord, string
nexilis, nexile
Plaited, intertwined
niteo, nitere, nitui
Shine
nix, nivis, f
Snow
nocens, nocentis
Guilty
nonnumquam
sometimes
nota, notae, f
mark, note
nota, notae, f
mark, note
noto, notare, notavi, notatus
mark, sign
nubilim, nubili, n
darkness, cloud
neu/neve
or not, and not, nor, neither
nimis
Very much
nimius, nimia, nimium
Excessive
no, nare, navi
Swim
nobilis, nobile
Illustrious, famous
nocturnus, nocturna, nocturnum
Nocturnal
noscito, noscitare, noscitavi, noscitatus
recognise (frequentative of nosco)
noxa, noxae, f
harm, injury
num
Whether
nuntium, nuntii, n
Announcement
nuptiae, nuptiarum, f pl
Marriage
oborior, oboriri, obortus sum
arise, appear
obsidio, obsidionis, f
siege, blockade
obsoletus, obsoleta, obsoletum
Worn out, poor
obstino, obstinare, obstinavi, obstinatus
persist
obtorpesco, obtorpescere, obtorpui
grow stiff
obtrunco, obtruncare, obtruncavi, obtruncatus
Lop off, cut down, cut to pieces
obtrunco, obtruncare, obtruncavi, obtruncatus
Lop off, cut down, cut to pieces
obviam
In the way of
obvius, obvia, obvium
in the way
occasus, occasus, m
going down; setting; the west
occido, occidere, occidi, occisus
go down, set, fall
omen, ominis, n
omen
opera, operae, f
Work
opifex, opificis, m
Worker
opperior, opperiri, oppertus/opperitus sum
wait, expect
opulentus, opulenta, opulentum
rich, opulent
oratio, orationis, f
Speech
oratio, orationis, f
Speech
Orbitas, orbitatis, f
Destitution, bereavement
Ordino, ordinare, ordinavi, ordinatus
set in order, regulate
pando, pandere, pandi, passus
Spread out, explain
parens, parentis
Obedient
parum
too little, not enough, insufficiently
parum
too little, not enough, insufficiently
patesco, patescere, patui
begin to be open, be open to view
paucus, pauca, paucum
(sing) small, (pl) a few
Paulo
Slightly
paveo, pavere, pavui
tremble, fear
pellicio, pellicere, pellexi, pellectus
induce
perago, peragere, peregi, peractus
finish
nutus, nutus, m
nod, will
Obliquus, obliqua, obliquum
Slanting, indirect, covert
obsum, obesse, obfui
be in the way
occulo, occulere, occului, occultus
cover
occultus, occulta, occultum
hidden, secret
ocellus, ocelli, m
little eye
onus, oneris, n
Load, burden
oppositus, opposita, oppositum
Hostile, opposed
ornatrix, ornatricis, f
hairdresser, lady’s maid
ovis, ovis, n
Sheep
ovum, ovi, n
Egg
paciscor, pacisci, pactus sum
agree
paelex, paelicis, f
a mistress who was a rival to a wife or lover
pagina, paginae, f
Page
palla, pallae, f
Cloak
pallium, pallii, n
Cloak, coverlet
pandus, panda, pandum
bent, curved, crooked
pango, pangere, pepigi, pactus
fasten, fix; settle for, agree upon
papilla, papillae, f
nipple, breast
parcus, parca, parcum
sparing
parens, parentis, m/f
Parent
parento, parentare, parentavi, parentatus
make memorial offerings for parents, make offerings at a grave, honour the dead
pascor, pasci
feed, nourish
paternus, paterna, paternum
Paternal
paternus, paterna, paternum
Paternal
patienter
Patiently
pecten, pectinis, m
Comb; scallop, shellfish
pendo, pendere, pependi, pensus
weigh, have a weight of
pensum, pensi, n
wool, allotment
peraro, perarare, peraravi, peraratus
Incise
perennis, perennis, perenne
lasting throughout the year
periurium (peiurium), periurii, n
false oath, lie
periuro, peieroare, peieroavi, peieroatus
swear a false oath
perpetuus, perpetua, perpetuum
continuous
perpetior, perpeti, perpessus sum
bear to the end, endure
Pervigilis, pervigiis
keeping watch all night, awake
pervigilio, pervigiliare, pervigiliavi, pervigiliatus
keep vigil
pharetra, pharetrae, f
quiver
pharetratus, pharetrata, pharetratum
wearing a quiver
perangustus, perangusta, perangustum
very narrow
percello, percellere, perculi, perculsus
strike
percontor, percontari, percontatus sum
investigate, question
peremptor, peremptoris, m
killer, destroyer, murderer
perfero, perferre, pertuli, perlatus
endure, carry through
perinde
equally
perpello, perpellere, perpuli, perpulsus
drive, compel, prevail upon
perpopulor, perpopulari, perpopulatus sum
ravage, devastate
persona, personae, f
actor’s mask; role
pertineo, pertinere, pertinui, pertentus
reach
pervasto, pervastare
lay waste
petitor, petitoris, m
one who tries to obtain something; a candidate for office
petulantia, petulantiae, f
impudence
possessio, possessionis, f
possession
popularis, popularis
Public
posterus, postera, posterum
Next
postulatio, postulationis, f / postulatum, postulati, n
Demand, request
potis/pote (indeclinable)
Powerful
poto, potare, potavi, potatus
Drink
prae
Before (+ abl), the the face of, in view of
praecipio, praecipere, praecepi, praeceptus
anticipate, advise
praecipue
especially, particularly
praeco, praeconis, m
Herald, auctioneer
praedor, praedari, praedatus sum
Plunder
praedor, praedari, praedatus sum
Plunder
praefectus, praefectus, m
Prefect
praefectus, praefectus, m
Prefect
praefor, praefari, praefatus sum
Address first
praemitto, praemittere, praemisi, praemissus
Send ahead
Praepolleo, praepollere, praepollui
Be predominant
Praeproperus, praepropera, praeproperum
(Too) hasty
Praerumpo, praerumpere, praerupi, praeruptus
Burst/break off in front
praesideo, praesidere, praesedi
Sit before, preside over
Praesidium, praesidii, n
Protection
Praesto
Ready
praetereo, praeterire, praeterivi, praeteritus
Go by
Praeterquam
Beyond, except
prendo (prehendo) prendere, prendi, prensus
Lay hold of, grasp, snatch
precarius, precaria, precarium
Obtained by entreaty, granted to prayer
pridie
Day before
Primoris, primore
First, foremost
pinguis, pingue
Fat, dull
pinna, pinnae, f
Feather, wing
plecto, plectere
Beat, punish
pluma, plumae, f
Feather, down
pollex, pollicis, m
Thumb, big toe
pompa, pompae, f
procession, parade
pomum, pomi, n
Fruit
pondus, ponderis, n
Weight
Pontus, ponti, m
The open sea
populeus, populea, populeum
Of the poplar tree
porrigo, porrigere, porrexi, porrectus
Stretch forth
Postis, postis, m
Doorjamb, door
postmodo
Later, presently
Praefero, preferre, praetuli, praelatus
Prefer
Praegusto, praegustare, praegustavi, praegustatus
Taste before
Praeripio, praeripere, praeripui, praereptem
Snatch up, carry off
proavus, proavi, m
Great-grandfather, ancestor
procumbo, procumbere, procubui, procubitus
Fall forwards, sink down
proditio, proditionis
Betrayal, abandonment
proicio, proicere, proieci, proiectus
Throw out, fling to the ground
prostituo, prostituere, prostitui, prostitutus
prostitute
prosto, prostare, prostiti, prostitus
Stand before; offer oneself for sale
prosto, prostare, prostiti, prostitus
Stand before; offer oneself for sale
Protego, protegere, protexi, protectus
Cover, conceal, protect
Protervus, proterva, protervum
Bold, impudent
Protinus/protenus
At once
provenio, provenire, proveni
Come forth/about
pruinosus, pruinosa, pruinosum
Frosty
pulverulentus, pulverulenta, pulverulentum
Dusty
pupulae, pupulae, f
Pupil (of the eye)
purpureus, purpurea, purpureum
Purple
qualiscumque, qualecumque
Whatever kind, whatever sort
quamlibet
However, in whatever degree
rado, radere, rasi, rasus
Shave, scratch, inscribe
raucus, rauca, raucum
Harsh-sounding, noisy
Recingo, recingere, recinctus
Loosen
recompono, recomponere, recomposui, recompsitus
Put back together; rearrange
recurvo, recurvare, recurvavi, recuravtus
Bend back, curve backwards
Redimio, redimere, redimii, redimitus
Encircle (with a garland)
procreo, procreare, procreavi, procreatus
procreate, beget
prodigium, prodigii, n
Portent, wonder
profectus, profectus, m
Success
profugio, profugere, profugi
Flee
Proinde/proin
Just as
prolabor, prolabi, prolapus sum
slip forward
promiscuus, promiscua, promiscuum
Mixed, indiscriminate
pronuntio, pronuntiare, pronuntiavi, pronuntiatus
Pronounce, speak
propinquus, propinqua, propinquum
Related, near
proripio, proripere, proripui, proreptus
Snatch forth, rush forth
proruo, proruere, prorui, prorutus
rush forth, overthrow
prosequor, prosequi, prosecutus sum
follow
prosterno, prosternere, prostravi, prostratus
lay low, knock down, debase
provocatio, provocationis, f
appeal, stimulus, calling out
publicum, publici, n
Public territory, a public place
pudicitia, pudicitiae, f
Chastity, modesty, virtue
qua
Where, how, anywhere, anyhow
quadraginta; quadragesimus -a -um
40; 40th
quaeso, quaesere
Beg
Quattor; quartus -a -um
4; 4th
quin
Introduces a clause of prevention or doubt
quindecim; quintus - a -um decimus -a -um
15; 15th
Quingenti -ae -a; quingentesimus -a -um
500; 500th
quippe
Indeed
quodammodo
In a certain way
Quonam
Whither? To where?
Rapina, rapinae, f
Robbery, plundering, pillage
raptim
Suddenly, speedily
Regia, regiae, f
Palace
relatus, relatus, m
A bringing before
religio, religionis, f
rite, scruple
repo, repere, repsi, reptus
Crawl
repo, repere, repsi, reptus
Crawl
redimo, redimere, redemi, redemptus
Purchase; buy back; buy back out of slavery
reditus, reditus, m
Return, revenue
refertus, referta, refertum
crammed, bursting with
refugio, refugere, refugi
Flee back, run away
relaxo, relaxare, relaxavi, relaxatus
Loosen, open
relentesco, relentescere
slacken
Relevo, relevare, relevavi, relevatus
Lighten, relieve
religo, religare, religavi, religatus
Tie up, bind fast
reparabilis, reparabile
Reparable, recoverable
rependo, rependere, rependi, repensus
make up for; balance
repertor, repertoris, m
Discoverer, inventor
requiesco, requiescere, requievi, requietus
Rest
resanesco, resanescere, resanui
Be healed
rescribo, rescribere, rescripsi, rescriptus
rewrite, reply (to)
reseco, resecare, resecui, resectum
cut, cut back
resido, resido, resedi
sit down, sink down, shrink
resurgo, resurgere, resurrexi, resurrectum
rise again, reappear
rete, retis, n
net, trap
retorqueo, retorquere, retorsi, retortus
twist back, bend back
reus, rei, m
Defendant
rigeo, rigere
be stiff, stiffen
rigidus, rigida, rigidum
Hard, rigid, stiff
rite
Duly, correctly; with the proper rites
rivalis, rivalis, m
Rival
rodo, rodere, rosi, rosus
Gnaw, erode, slander
rodo, rodere, rosi, rosus
Gnaw, erode, slander
ros, roris, m
Dew
rosa, rosae, f
Rose
Roscidus, roscida, roscidum
Dewy
roseus, rosea, roseum
Rosy
rubeo, rubere, rubui
be red
rubor, ruboris, m
Redness
ruga, rugae, f
Wrinkle
rugosus, rugosa, rugosum
Wrinkled
rusticitas, rusticitatis, f
Lack of sophistication
Sacrilegus, sacrilega, sacrilegum
Guilty of impiety, sacrilegious
sanguinulentus, sanguinulenta, sanguinulentum
blood-red
sapio, sapere, sapivi
Discern, taste of, be intelligent
sapio, sapere, sapivi
Discern, taste of, be intelligent
seligo, seligere, selegi, selectus
select
semiadapertus, semiadaperta, semiadapertum
half-open
semisupinus, semisupina, semisupinum
half-supine, half-lying on one’s back
semisupinus, semisupina, semisupinum
half-supine, half-lying on one’s back
senectus, senectutis, f
old age
nitor, niti, nisus/nixus
strive, struggle; lean on/rest
scindo, scindere, scidi, scissus (in compounds with ex- the s drops out)
cut, tear, split
saxum, saxi, n
stone
probo, probare, probavi, probatus
approve, commend
probo, probare, probavi, probatus
approve, commend
careo, carere, carui
lack, be without
careo, carere, carui
lack, be without
careo, carere, carui
lack, be without
careo, carere, carui
lack, be without