Latin American revolution Flashcards
describe the caste system in LA and all the groups that belonged to it (technically 7 groups)
King Ferdinand at the tippy top then still at top but below KF peninsulares; ppl. born in Spain + only ppl who held high office in Spanish colonial gov; next creoles- ppl. born in LA; mix of Spaniards born in LA; couldn’t hold high office but could rise as officers in Spanish colonial armies; both these castes controlled land, wealth, and power in Spanish colonies; next mestizos; ppl. mixed on European and Indian ancestors; mulattos; ppl, mixed of european and African ancestry; enslaved Africans - didn’t have any power; indians - didn’t have any power and had to pay tribute tax just bc of their ethnicity- kept them poor +powerless
who labeled colonists at birth into a caste
baptizing priest; parents could possibly bribe a priest into putting their kid into a higher caste but if the family wasn’t in the graces of the community, the priest could put their child into a lower caste
explain why LA colonists were unhappy w/ their colonial gov including caste system, mercantilism, intendancy system, knowledge of enlightenment and other world revolutions
caste system - unfair and unjust; mercantilism - had to steal money and they just didn’t want to do that; intendancy system - lack of power again and opportunities; knowledge on enlightenment ideas + other world revolutions - educated enough to question their government + their ideas/ rules
define mercantilism
an economic system where if a nation wanted to be more wealthy they would have to take money from another nation; maximiser exports but minimize imports
define intendancy system
a political system put in place by the king and it granted that colonial officials would stay loyal
explain how the American Revolution and Haitian revolution are connected militarily
Haitian men went to fight for France when they were helping us in the American revolution; John Adams and Thomas Jefferson sent Navy to help France during their revolution
explain how the American Revolution and Haitian revolution are connected economically
both countries traded heavily - lumber for Haitian molasses; merchants in the us supplied weapons and ammunition to haiti’s men; trade so important bc it helped drive demands for free trade that became part of the American revolution
explain how the American Revolution and Haitian revolution are connected militarily
Haitian men went to fight for France when they were helping us in the American Revolution; John Adams and Thomas Jefferson sent the Navy to help France in their revolution
describe how Mexico gained their independence
1810-1821; father Hidalgo rang a bell to call his people
to his church in the town of Dolores; He made his famous, Grito de Dolores speech (Cry of Dolores); Father Hidalgo rallied an army of poor Indians and Mestizos to fight Peninsulares and the Spanish King for their independence; Father Hidalgo was captured and executed. Another priest, Father Morelos continued the fight until he was captured and executed! Creoles joined the Mestizos and Native Americans (Indians) to fight against Spain. 11 years later, Mexico became an independent nation.
describe how Haiti gained their independence
1791-1804; Toussaint Louverture, a former slave, led an army of free mulattos and enslaved Africans in a revolution against white French settlers. Haiti was the first nation to launch a successful slave rebellion that resulted in everlasting freedom for those who were enslaved
describe how Brazil gained their independence
1822; In 1807, Napoleon invaded Portugal. King John VI escaped to Brazil with his family; King John VI returned to Portugal in 1821 after French forces fled his country. Prince Pedro (Dom Pedro), his eldest son remained in Brazil. Dom Pedro declared Brazil independent of
Portugal and named himself the Emperor of Brazil
describe how grand Colombia gained their independence
1810- 1822; Gran Colombia fought for independence from Spain at an ideal time. Spain was busy fighting France in Europe and could not dedicate the
resources needed to keep Gran
Colombia under control. Gran Colombia’s hero was Simon
Bolivar. Although Bolivar wanted to create a democratic
republic in South America, he argued that the people were not ready to govern themselves; Bolivar said the people of South America had been treated like children by Spain for so long, they were incapable of governing themselves. Bolivar attempted to become Gran Colombia’s first dictator, but he died of tuberculosis first.
identify Toussaint - Louverture
led the enslaved Africans in a revolt against the french that ended slavery and resulted in the new nation called haiti
identify Miguel Hidalgo
a priest in the small village of Dolores; took the first step toward independence. Hidalgo was a poor but well-educated man. He firmly believed in Enlightenment ideals. On September 16, 1810, he rang the bells of his village church. When the peasants gathered in the church, he issued a call for rebellion against the Spanish. Today, that call is known as the grito de Dolores (the cry of Dolores).
identify Simon Bolivar
wealthy venezuelan creole; also known as the liberator; planned to unite the Spanish colonies of south America into a single country called Gran Colombia; he won Venezuela’s independence;
