age of imperialism Flashcards
define imperialism
when one country takes over another
define white man’s burden
the task that white colonizers believed they had to civilize inhabitants of their colonies (whites civilize nonwhites)
describe settlement colonies
large groups of people from the imperialist nation live permanently in new territory (ex: AUstralia)
describe dependent colonies
a few officials + their army rule over native Americans ( India - GB ruled 1848-1948)
describe protectorates
the native ruler keeps their title but the imperialist nation controls the native ruler (before Hawaii was a state)
describe spheres of influence
the imperialist nation stalks the people they want to control + keep other imperialists away (Japan vs other Pacific islands)
when the u.s was under British control, what type of colony were we?
settlement colony of Britain
identify the motives behind imperialism
political, economic, social/cultural motives
describe the political motives behind imperialism
nationalism, more colonies created = more respect from rivals and bigger armies; islands were used to build naval bases
define nationalism
extreme love for your nation
describe the economic motives behind imperialism
- need for raw materials (copper, rubber)
- need for new markets (place to sell products)
- need for jobs (growing population left many unemployed)
describe the social/cultural motives behind imperialism
- spread European values (Christianity - religion)
- Europeans felt non-westerners were “half-devil half -child” and needed to be “civilized”
define paternalism
treating or governing people in a parental way - no rights
define assimilation
giving up one’s culture and adapting to another culture
identify Australias stolen generations
the aboriginal people who were forcefully taken away (stolen) from their families between the 1890s-1970s
explain how the stolen generations were impacted by the australian government
raised on missions or by foster parents; totally cut off with their aboriginality; severally punished if they spoke their aboriginal language; some children never learned anything traditional and received little or no education. girls trained to be domestic servants + boys to be stockmen
define the Berlin conference
the meeting of European superpowers with the purpose to peacefully divide africa; ended the African scramble
explain what the scramble for Africa was - who started it- when and why it ended
European fever to claim parts of Africa; started by France; 1879-1885; Berlin conference ended it
explain why europe was able to take over africa ( 4 reasons)
- European military = superior
- Africans not united
- Africans were deceived
- european medical tech progressed
describe the negative effects of European imperialism in africa (5)
loss of independence - paternalism, loss of natural resources, loss of native language,/culture, loss of food sources/land/homes, slavery/disease
describe the positive effects of European imperialism in africa (5)
canals/roads/railroads, medicines/vaccines, new farming methods, telegraph/telephone,
literacy/western education
how did the British gov control the native people of india
3/5 was dependent colony and the rest was protectorate
describe the positive effects of british imperialism in india (3)
modern schools, hospitals, factories + improved farming; advanced transportation networks, railroads, roads, bridges; Hindus and Muslims were kept from fighting
describe the negative effects of british imperialism in india (3)
loss of resources; monopolized trade; indians were treated as inferiors - used the caste system to their advantage
define the british east India company
1757-1857; private british business that controlled a large part of india
define the Indian nationalist movement
the movement for Indian self rule that would end British control in india
identify mahatma gandhi
Indian brahmin who led the Quit India movement - no violence, fasting, rejection of all British laws (boycott); inspired many others to boycott as well and acted as a leader/hero
describe how India was divided into 2 nations based on religion in 1947
India - majority Hindu
Pakistan - majority Muslim
identify the European nation that colonized the congo
belgium
what resource led to the abuse of the native congolese
rubber
give an example of how Europeans expected natives to assimilate
speak a certain language (English)
give an example of paternalism
how the British people treated mudu in the movie; tracked peoples marriages
what is the name of the vaccine that prevented malaria
quinine
The vaccine, Quinine, helped Europeans take over Africa because it protected them from
malaria
One of the social or cultural motives of missionaries in European colonies was to spread
christianity
What European nation killed 10 million Congolese natives to acquire free rubber?
belgium
who was Otto von bismarck
leader of Germany; wanted to talk peacefully about Africa; came up with the Berlin conference
explain how Britain took over india
- British east India company ruled over by the Bombay region and hired sepoys to work for them
- sepoys rebelled
- British gov stepped in and took over india and ruled them for the next 90 years
Europeans needed this for their factories, making it a major motive in imperialism
raw materials
