industrial revolution Flashcards

1
Q

identify the factors of production

A

land (natural resources, including waterways)
labor (workers)
capital (money)

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2
Q

identify Jethro Tull + inventions

A

inventor of the horse drawn hoe and seed drill

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3
Q

identify Charles Townshend + inventions

A

inventor of the crop rotation system

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4
Q

define industrial revolution

A

when machines did more work than humans and economics shifted from agrarian to industrial; majority of nation’s $ was made by factory goods instead of handmade

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5
Q

define urbanization

A

when cities and workers migrated to work in them

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6
Q

define tenement

A

cheap shabby apartments proletariats lived in

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7
Q

define bourgeoisie

A

middle class; lived in row houses; jobs include factory manager and school teacher; entertainment includes going to theater, playing piano; get 3 courses of food served in the dining room by the lady of the house or maid on glazed pottery

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8
Q

define proletariat

A

working class; lived in tenements; jobs include nanny, cook, gardener, actress, textile mill worker, street vendor, maid, railyard worker, etc. ; entertainment includes gambling on dog/rat fights, going to neighborhood theater (penny gaff) and gambling on knuckle boxing; get breakfast lunch dinner but very little food and served by street vendors or charitable bakers

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9
Q

describe wealthy life in great britain

A

victorian houses, jobs include aristocrat, politician, aristocratic lady, entertainment includes opera, elegant balls, attend tea parties, 6 courses of food served in the dining room with elegant decorations decorating the room and using fine china

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10
Q

define Meiji restoration

A

when Japan’s emperor was fully restored political power; he made decision to industrialize Japan

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11
Q

define selective borrowing

A

the process of taking ideas and adapting them to your own needs

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12
Q

identify Adam smith

A

created the economic system - capitalism

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13
Q

identify John s mill

A

created utilitarianism and wanted to use it to help the poor working class

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14
Q

identify Robert owen

A

created utopianism - created a utopia in new harmony, indiana

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15
Q

identify Karl marx

A

created communism; also predicted workers would revolt against the wealthy; cowrote a book called the communist manifesto

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16
Q

causes of industrial revolution in great britain?

A

agricultural revolution, enclosure movement, population growth

17
Q

explain agricultural revolution

A

late 1500s-early 1800s; new farming methods and tools were developed

18
Q

explain population growth

A

1700s-1800s; more food + better medicine= longer life; necessary labor force to work in factories, mines, railroads, steamships

19
Q

explain enclosure movement

A

late 1500-early 1800- public land for grazing was enclosed into private land; small plots of land for growing crops were combined into larger plots owned by one farmer

20
Q

first asian nation to industrialize

21
Q

how did the change in methods of production affect people

A

changed from cottage system to factory- families worked together to alone; workers get breaks when they wanted to at set times; products took a longer time to make and stayed that way; products were expensive to cheap for consumers

22
Q

define capitalism

A

economic system with private property and no government interference; P: ppl have control, consumers usually win w/lower prices, more variety, no taxes; N: no safety standards, no minimum wage, corporate greed, no product regulation

23
Q

define utilitarianism

A

economic system with private property, government property and government interference; mixed economy; P: possibly move up social classes, safer products/environments, less child labor, fair wages + hours; N: taxes, higher prices, job loss, poverty still exists

24
Q

define utopianism

A

economic system with cooperative villages, no $, ppl share skills and resources; P: no need for $, sharing, equality; N: isolated, slackers (no motivation), no military defense

25
define communism
economic system with no private property, government owns+ controls everything; P: equality-everyones needs met; N: no rights, no variety, little motivation or creativity
26
define unions
labor associations that workers formed
27
define collective bargaining
negotiations between workers and their employers
28
define strikes
when people refused to work
29
define factory act of 1833
law made it illegal to hire children under 9; children from age 9-12 couldn't work more than 8 hrs a day; people ages 13-17 couldnt work more than 12 hrs a day
30
define mines act of 1842
prevented women and children from working in mines underground
31
define ten hours act of 1847
limited women and children who work in factories work day to 10 hours a day
32
define democratic socialism
a leader is elected, people have control over economic planning, private property still exists