industrial revolution Flashcards
identify the factors of production
land (natural resources, including waterways)
labor (workers)
capital (money)
identify Jethro Tull + inventions
inventor of the horse drawn hoe and seed drill
identify Charles Townshend + inventions
inventor of the crop rotation system
define industrial revolution
when machines did more work than humans and economics shifted from agrarian to industrial; majority of nation’s $ was made by factory goods instead of handmade
define urbanization
when cities and workers migrated to work in them
define tenement
cheap shabby apartments proletariats lived in
define bourgeoisie
middle class; lived in row houses; jobs include factory manager and school teacher; entertainment includes going to theater, playing piano; get 3 courses of food served in the dining room by the lady of the house or maid on glazed pottery
define proletariat
working class; lived in tenements; jobs include nanny, cook, gardener, actress, textile mill worker, street vendor, maid, railyard worker, etc. ; entertainment includes gambling on dog/rat fights, going to neighborhood theater (penny gaff) and gambling on knuckle boxing; get breakfast lunch dinner but very little food and served by street vendors or charitable bakers
describe wealthy life in great britain
victorian houses, jobs include aristocrat, politician, aristocratic lady, entertainment includes opera, elegant balls, attend tea parties, 6 courses of food served in the dining room with elegant decorations decorating the room and using fine china
define Meiji restoration
when Japan’s emperor was fully restored political power; he made decision to industrialize Japan
define selective borrowing
the process of taking ideas and adapting them to your own needs
identify Adam smith
created the economic system - capitalism
identify John s mill
created utilitarianism and wanted to use it to help the poor working class
identify Robert owen
created utopianism - created a utopia in new harmony, indiana
identify Karl marx
created communism; also predicted workers would revolt against the wealthy; cowrote a book called the communist manifesto
causes of industrial revolution in great britain?
agricultural revolution, enclosure movement, population growth
explain agricultural revolution
late 1500s-early 1800s; new farming methods and tools were developed
explain population growth
1700s-1800s; more food + better medicine= longer life; necessary labor force to work in factories, mines, railroads, steamships
explain enclosure movement
late 1500-early 1800- public land for grazing was enclosed into private land; small plots of land for growing crops were combined into larger plots owned by one farmer
first asian nation to industrialize
japan
how did the change in methods of production affect people
changed from cottage system to factory- families worked together to alone; workers get breaks when they wanted to at set times; products took a longer time to make and stayed that way; products were expensive to cheap for consumers
define capitalism
economic system with private property and no government interference; P: ppl have control, consumers usually win w/lower prices, more variety, no taxes; N: no safety standards, no minimum wage, corporate greed, no product regulation
define utilitarianism
economic system with private property, government property and government interference; mixed economy; P: possibly move up social classes, safer products/environments, less child labor, fair wages + hours; N: taxes, higher prices, job loss, poverty still exists
define utopianism
economic system with cooperative villages, no $, ppl share skills and resources; P: no need for $, sharing, equality; N: isolated, slackers (no motivation), no military defense
define communism
economic system with no private property, government owns+ controls everything; P: equality-everyones needs met; N: no rights, no variety, little motivation or creativity
define unions
labor associations that workers formed
define collective bargaining
negotiations between workers and their employers
define strikes
when people refused to work
define factory act of 1833
law made it illegal to hire children under 9; children from age 9-12 couldn’t work more than 8 hrs a day; people ages 13-17 couldnt work more than 12 hrs a day
define mines act of 1842
prevented women and children from working in mines underground
define ten hours act of 1847
limited women and children who work in factories work day to 10 hours a day
define democratic socialism
a leader is elected, people have control over economic planning, private property still exists
