french revolution

Question 1

what is the french revolution

Answer 1

when absolute monarchy ended in France (1789-1799)

Question 2

what is deficit spending

Answer 2

spending more money than you make

Question 3

what is the great fear

Answer 3

peasants rioted in rural areas out of fear or starvation and concern that nobles would use private armies to kill them; chateaus and monasteries were burned, food was looted, and financial documents were destroyed; some nobles fled france and others didn’t (royalists)

Question 4

who was louis xvi

Answer 4

sixteenth king of France; ruled during the French Revolution

Question 5

who was Marie antoinette

Answer 5

queen of France with Louis xvi during french revolution

Question 6

who was the bourgeoisie

Answer 6

part of the third estate; urban middle class, professionals and merchants

Question 7

who was the emigres

Answer 7

person who fled their country to settle in another (emigrants)

Question 8

who was the royalists

Answer 8

nobles that remained in France and remained loyal to the king during the great fear

Question 9

what was the bastille

Answer 9

a medieval prison in Paris; was stormed on July 14, 1789

Question 10

who was the national assembly

Answer 10

created by the 3rd estate because they were fed up with only having one vote; wanted a constitutional monarchy

Question 11

what were the enlightenment ideas and why did they cause the french revolution/ how

Answer 11

some include democracy, popular sovereignty, justice system, etc and caused revolution because ppl. argued what is right and true and what is not

Question 12

what were the old regime and why did they cause the french revolution/ how

Answer 12

estate system in France and people argued that everyone should have equal power and equal rights and not put into different estates

Question 13

poor leadership why did it cause the french revolution/ how

Answer 13

Louis xvi and Marie Antoinette showed poor leadership bc they spent a lot of money on Versailles and didn’t really help France at all; Louis tried to escape also which shows he was not loyal to his country

Question 14

economic crisis how did it cause the french revolution

Answer 14

deficit spending bc Louis and Marie spent too much money on luxury items and they had to borrow money or tax people to keep the flow of currency going

Question 15

estates general meeting explain the events

Answer 15

Louis asked reps to vote for new taxes to end economic crisis and each estate got one vote but 3rd estate argued abt. that and they wanted one vote per man to make it more fair; The Third Estate formed the National Assembly and refused to stop meeting until a new constitution gave them rights. They wanted a Constitutional Monarchy.

Question 16

describe the storming of the bastille

Answer 16

wanted to seize the weapons held in the prison and set political prisoners free so they fired horse manure and set it on fire to create smoke and charged the prison

Question 17

describe the attack at versailles

Answer 17

women marched to Versailles to protest about the price of bread; broke into the palace and killed some of the guards and demanded louis and Marie return to Paris; eventually they did

Question 18

what was the declaration of the rights of man

Answer 18

adopted in August 1789 and stated all men are born and remain free and equal in rights, the gov must protect these natural rights and political power is derived from the people

Question 19

who was olympe de gouges

Answer 19

butchers daughter who wrote plays and pamphlets; argued that the Dec. of rights of man should be extended to women as well but her idea was rejected so she wrote her own dec. of rights of women.

Question 20

what was the legislative assembly

Answer 20

during the constitutional monarchy; had 3 factions: radicals (no king), moderates (fickle/couldn’t choose), conservatives(keep king)

Question 21

what was the national convention

Answer 21

during the Republic gov;

Question 22

who was max robespiere

Answer 22

leader of one Jacobin club; then he slowly gained power and eventually governed France in 1973 and his ruling period was known as the reign of terror

Question 23

what was the reign of terror

Answer 23

a ruling period of max robespierre when he governed France in 1973 as a dictator

Question 24

what was the guillotine

Answer 24

a violent weapon used to behead people; most of these people who were beheaded were part of 3rd estate

Question 25

what were catacombs

Answer 25

tunnels underground filled with skeletons, bones, skulls, etc.

Question 26

what is the directory

Answer 26

5 people legislative branch, oligarchy

Question 27

who was napoleon

Answer 27

he was a famous military leader who became the emperor of France because everyone thought he would be a good and strong leader; seized power by military force

Question 28

define coup d’ etat

Answer 28

stroke of state

Question 29

define absolute monarchy, how it ruled France and the problems it had

Answer 29

1789- Sept. 1791; King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette; ruler has all the power over the people; financial problems because lower classes paid higher taxes and higher classes didn’t pay any; unfair treatment and no civil rights

Question 30

define constitutional monarchy, how it ruled France and the problems it had

Answer 30

Sept. 1791- sept. 1792; Louis xvi and Marie; limits the power of the monarch; civil rights exist; legislative assembly-3 factions; established w/constitution of 1791; problems with the radicals who didn’t want a king and emigres who fled France; Jacobin club created by radicals who wanted a republic

Question 31

define republic, how it ruled France and the problems it had

Answer 31

Sept. 1792 - Aug. 1795; legislative + executive branches; national convention w/749 men; max robespierre gained power and his ruling period was the reign of terror

Question 32

define oligarchy, how it ruled France and the problems it had

Answer 32

small group of people ruling; Aug 1795 - Sep. 10 1799; 5 man legislative branch (the directory); poor governing

Question 33

define dictatorship, how it ruled France and the problems it had

Answer 33

one person holds all the power wo/consent of the governed; Nov 1799: Napoleon coup d’etat

Question 34

what is the old regime

Answer 34

the estate system

Question 35

who was in the first estate

Answer 35

at the tippy top were the absolute monarchs and the rest were the clergy which included priests and bishops; 1% of the population, owned 10% of land, paid no taxes, collected rent and fees (church fees called tithes)

Question 36

who was in the second estate

Answer 36

nobility- 2% of the population, owned 20% of land; paid few if any taxes, held high offices in gov. and military

Question 37

who was in the third estate

Answer 37

97% of the population; paid high taxes, fees, had no rights, wanted equality, starved and overworked; bourgeoisie: urban middle class-professionals and merchants
artisans: skilled craftsman
urban workers: manual laborers
peasants: farmers (80% of 3rd estate)