Later settlement of the Plains

Question 0

Where was gold discovered?

Answer 0

In California

Question 1

What is Manifest Destiny?

Answer 1

The belief that white Americans should own and govern the whole of North America

Question 2

What did railway companies do with land?

Answer 2

Sell land either side of the railway off very cheaply

Question 3

What was the Homestead Act and what year was it passed?

Answer 3

1862- Offered 160 acres of free land to anyone building a home and trying to farm the land for 5 years. Lands were available in Nebraska, Dakota and Kansas. Deeds could be bought after 6 months of the settler wanted the land quickly. Act later amended to 640 acres after critics claimed that 160 acres wasn’t enough to support a family

Question 4

What was the Timber and Culture Act and what year was it passed?

Answer 4

1873- Gave settlers a further 160 acres if they planted trees on a quarter of it. The land was solely for their own use

Question 5

What was the Desert Land Act and when was it passed?

Answer 5

1877- Enabled farmers to buy 640 acres of land

Question 6

What was the Timber and Stone Act and when was it passed?

Answer 6

1878- Sold timberland in the west for $2.50 per acre in 160 acre blocks.

Question 7

What happened to land that was deemed ‘unfit for farming?’

Answer 7

It was sold to those who might want to ‘timber and stone’ (logging and mining) upon the land

Question 8

Name the 5 PULL factors in the later settlement of the west

Answer 8

1. Manifest Destiny
2. The prospect of a new life
3. Discovery of gold
4. The offer of free land
5. The actions of the government

Question 9

Name the 5 PUSH factors in the later settlement of the west

Answer 9

1. The end of the American Civil War
2. Land pressure
3. Economic problems
4. Religious persecution
5. Improved communications

Question 10

What year did the American Civil War end?

Answer 10

1865

Question 11

Besides the Mormons, what 3 other religious groups faced persecution?

Answer 11

Jews, the Amish and Mennonites

Question 12

Why did many black people go west at the end of the civil war?

Answer 12

They were recently freed slaves who still faced inequality and persecution

Question 13

What year was the US hit by an economic depression?

Answer 13

1837

Question 14

Why did land pressure contribute to the number of migrants moving west?

Answer 14

Many states in the east, such a Missouri, became overcrowded as populations greatly increased

Question 15

When was the first telegraph sent?

Answer 15

1861

Question 16

What was the Pony Express?

Answer 16

A mail service, founded by the Waddell and Russell freight service, that sent letters from Missouri to California in 10 days

Question 17

What year did the Pony Express start?

Answer 17

1860

Question 18

How long did it take to travel first class from New York to San Francisco on the railway?

Answer 18

4 days

Question 19

On the railway, what class did the majority of people travel in and how long did it take to get from New York to San Francisco?

Answer 19

10 days on a third class train

Question 20

When did the government start using reservations?

Answer 20

1825 onwards

Question 21

How were the Indians expected to live on the reservations?

Answer 21

As farmers

Question 22

The Indians could leave the reservations to hunt buffalo until what date?

Answer 22

1860

Question 23

What was the reservation land like?

Answer 23

Poor quality and infertile

Question 24

What happened to many Indians because of life on the reservations?

Answer 24

They starved to death as land was infertile so it was difficult to grow crops

Question 25

Who was Red Cloud?

Answer 25

The Chief of the Oglala Sioux

Question 26

What did Red Cloud do in 1866?

Answer 26

Ambushed a group of soldiers led by Captain Fetterman, killing 100 soldiers

Question 27

Who was Crazy Horse?

Answer 27

A medicine man and warrior who fought with Red Cloud

Question 28

What is Crazy Horse most famous for?

Answer 28

His role with Sitting Bull at the Battle of Little Bighorn

Question 29

Who was Sitting Bull?

Answer 29

Chief of the Sioux, he became leader of the Sioux with Crazy Horse after Red Cloud made peace in 1868

Question 30

What did Sitting Bull do after the battle of Little Bighorn?

Answer 30

Led the Sioux into Canada for safety, however hunger forced them to return to the Sioux reservation

Question 31

What is General Sheridan responsible for?

Answer 31

The Winter Campaigns and the attack at the battle of Little Bighorn

Question 32

When did Wovoka have his vision?

Answer 32

1890

Question 33

What is the Ghost Dance?

Answer 33

A dance that had to be performed to bring back dead Indians who would battle the Americans and be victorious, the settlers would leave Indian lands and the buffalo would roam the Plains once again

Question 34

What happened to the Native Americans by the turn of the century?

Answer 34

They were forced to be Americanised, they had to obey the laws of the USA and were forced to live like white people. They had to change their religion, clothing and language and become farmers. Subsequently, many warriors became alcoholics

Question 35

What did General Sheridan realise that made him plan the Winter Campaign?

Answer 35

That the Indians didn’t move much during winter, and were at their weakest and most vulnerable. If they attacked in winter they could exterminate the Indians

Question 36

What tactic did Sherman and Sheridan use when attacking Indians?

Answer 36

‘Total war’- They destroyed food, shelter and possessions of all Indians, and not just the warriors

Question 37

What happened at the Battle of Wounded Knee?

Answer 37

U.S. soldiers opened fire and killed 153 Sioux men, women and children after the soldiers provoked the Indians and they resisted

Question 38

Which battle marked the end of the Plains wars?

Answer 38

The Battle of Wounded Knee

Question 39

What year was the Battle of Wounded Knee?

Answer 39

1890