Last year past paper Qs Flashcards
Which of the following is the recommended treatment for an abdominal aortic aneurysm
measuring 5.5 cm?
.
A. Watchful waiting
B. Open surgical repair
C. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)
D. Medical management with beta-blockers
C. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)
Which of the following is the most common early symptom of Lyme disease?
.
A. Fever
B. Arthralgia
C. Erythema migrans
D. Neuropathy
C. Erythema migrans
What does a ground glass appearance on a CT scan most likely indicate?
.
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Interstitial lung disease
C. Lung carcinoma
D. Pneumothorax
B. Interstitial lung disease
In which scenario is Anti-D immunoglobulin administration necessary?
.
A. A Rh-negative mother with a Rh-positive baby
B. A Rh-positive mother with a Rh-negative baby
C. A Rh-positive mother with a Rh-positive baby
D. A Rh-negative mother with a Rh-negative baby
A. A Rh-negative mother with a Rh-positive baby
What is the most common cause of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
.
A. Hypertension
B. Coronary artery disease
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Valvular heart disease
B. Coronary artery disease
Which of the following statements is true regarding X-linked dominant inheritance?
.
A. Affected fathers transmit the disease to all their sons
B. Affected fathers transmit the disease to all their daughters
C. Affected mothers transmit the disease to all their sons
D. Both genders are equally affected
B. Affected fathers transmit the disease to all their daughters
How is sickle cell trait inherited?
.
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
C. X-linked recessive
D. X-linked dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
What is the primary indication for using prednisolone in sarcoidosis?
.
A. Skin lesions
B. Ocular involvement
C. Pulmonary involvement
D. Hypercalcemia
C. Pulmonary involvement
After identifying thrombocytopenia on a blood film, what is the next best step in
management?
.
A. Bone marrow biopsy
B. Peripheral blood smear review
C. Platelet transfusion
D. Coagulation studies
B. Peripheral blood smear review
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)?
.
A. Distal muscle weakness
B. Proximal muscle pain and stiffness
C. Rash
D. Joint erosions
B. Proximal muscle pain and stiffness
Which of the following is most commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
.
A. Osteophytes
B. Joint space narrowing
C. Marginal erosions
D. Heberden’s nodes
C. Marginal erosions
Which of the following is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA)?
.
A. Symmetric joint space narrowing
B. Marginal erosions
C. Osteophytes
D. Soft tissue swelling
C. Osteophytes
What is a characteristic feature of psoriatic arthropathy?
.
A. DIP joint involvement
B. Symmetric polyarthritis
C. Absence of nail changes
D. Erosive arthritis
A. DIP joint involvement
Which organism is most commonly responsible for impetigo?
.
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D. Escherichia coli
B. Staphylococcus aureus
What is a characteristic feature of the murmur associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)?
.
A. It increases with squatting
B. It decreases with the Valsalva maneuver
C. It is best heard at the left lower sternal border
D. It radiates to the carotids
C. It is best heard at the left lower sternal border
Which of the following is true regarding monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined
significance (MGUS)?
.
A. It always progresses to multiple myeloma
B. It is characterised by a monoclonal protein level < 3 g/dL
C. It requires immediate chemotherapy
D. It is associated with lytic bone lesions
B. It is characterised by a monoclonal protein level < 3 g/dL
Which of the following is a typical finding in the complete blood count (CBC) of a patient
with vitamin B12 or folate deficiency?
.
A. Microcytic anemia
B. Normocytic anemia
C. Macrocytic anemia
D. Thrombocytosis
C. Macrocytic anemia
What is the first-line treatment for symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW)
syndrome?
.
A. Pharmacologic therapy with beta-blockers
B. Catheter ablation
C. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
D. Surgical maze procedure
B. Catheter ablation
Which of the following is most commonly associated with the JAK2 mutation?
.
A. Chronic myelogenous leukemia
B. Essential thrombocythemia
C. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
D. Hodgkin lymphoma
B. Essential thrombocythemia
What is a characteristic finding on a complete blood count (CBC) for a patient with Felty
syndrome?
.
A. Thrombocytosis
B. Neutropenia
C. Eosinophilia
D. Basophilia
B. Neutropenia
Which of the following conditions is associated with hemoglobin having a high affinity for
oxygen?
.
A. Chronic hypoxia
B. Carbon monoxide poisoning
C. Methemoglobinemia
D. Anemia of chronic disease
B. Carbon monoxide poisoning
Which of the following is a common cause of secondary erythrocytosis?
.
A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
B. Polycythemia vera
C. Dehydration
D. Hemochromatosis
A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Which of the following describes the murmur typically heard in mitral stenosis?
.
A. Holosystolic murmur at the apex
B. Mid-diastolic rumble with opening snap
C. Systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border
D. Continuous machinery murmur
B. Mid-diastolic rumble with opening snap
Which of the following is a typical feature of a posterior cerebellar stroke?
.
A. Hemiplegia
B. Vertigo
C. Aphasia
D. Homonymous hemianopia
B. Vertigo
Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with an anterior cerebellar
stroke?
.
A. Dysarthria
B. Hemiparesis
C. Diplopia
D. Amnesia
A. Dysarthria
What is the most appropriate immediate treatment for acute limb ischemia due to an
embolus?
.
A. Anticoagulation therapy
B. Embolectomy
C. Thrombolysis
D. Bypass surgery
B. Embolectomy
Which of the following is a common cause of hemorrhagic stroke?
.
A. Atherosclerosis
B. Hypertension
C. Embolism
D. Hyperlipidemia
B. Hypertension
What is a common presenting symptom of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)?
.
A. Gradual onset of headache
B. “Thunderclap” headache
C. Progressive muscle weakness
D. Visual disturbances
B. “Thunderclap” headache
The “triangle of safety” is a reference point for which procedure?
.
A. Chest drain insertion
B. Central line placement
C. Lumbar puncture
D. Paracentesis
A. Chest drain insertion
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of small-cell lung cancer?
.
A. Slow growth rate
B. Peripheral lung location
C. Strong association with smoking
D. Typically diagnosed at an early stage
C. Strong association with smoking
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of squamous cell lung cancer?
.
A. Central lung location
B. Strong association with non-smokers
C. Slow growth rate
D. High metastatic potential
A. Central lung location
Which of the following is most commonly associated with mesothelioma?
.
A. Asbestos exposure
B. Smoking
C. Radon exposure
D. Silica exposure
A. Asbestos exposure
What is the most common route of spread for tuberculosis (TB) within the body?
.
A. Hematogenous spread
B. Lymphatic spread
C. Direct extension
D. Inhalation
A. Hematogenous spread
What is the underlying mechanism of hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis?
.
A. Increased intestinal absorption of calcium
B. Increased bone resorption
C. Increased renal reabsorption of calcium
D. Increased production of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D by activated macrophages
D. Increased production of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D by activated macrophages
Which of the following is considered a hypertensive emergency?
.
A. Blood pressure > 180/120 mmHg without symptoms
B. Blood pressure > 180/120 mmHg with evidence of acute end-organ damage
C. Blood pressure > 160/100 mmHg with headache
D. Blood pressure > 160/100 mmHg without symptoms
B. Blood pressure > 180/120 mmHg with evidence of acute end-organ damage
Which of the following is the most common cause of a transudative pleural effusion?
.
A. Congestive heart failure
B. Pneumonia
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Malignancy
A. Congestive heart failure
Which of the following is a key principle of motivational interviewing?
.
A. Direct confrontation
B. Emphasizing autonomy
C. Providing unsolicited advice
D. Highlighting discrepancies
B. Emphasizing autonomy