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Matt's Path REVERSE > Last Hour > Flashcards

Last Hour Flashcards

1
Q

Gram negative rods

Commensals in colon

A

Lactose fermenting (LFC)
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella spp

Non-lactose fermenting (NLF)
Proteus
Pseudomonas

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2
Q

UTI

A

E.Coli

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3
Q

C.Diff

A

Gram Positive Anaerobe

spore forming

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4
Q

Treatment of C.Diff

A

PO metronidazole 10-14 days

Vancomycin as 2nd line

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5
Q

Gram positive cocci

A

Staphylococcus

OR

Streptococcus

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6
Q

Gram positive

A

Bacilli
Spore-forming
Bacillus anthracis/cereus
Clostridium difficile

Non-spore forming
Corynebacterium
Listeria

Cocci
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Enterococci

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7
Q

Gram negative

A

Bacilli
Every other bacteria ever…

Cocci
Neisseria

Spiral/comma
Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Vibrio

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8
Q

Mycoplasma

A

do not have a cell wall

They only have a simple cell membrane, so they are neither G+ nor G-.

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9
Q

facultative anaerobe Gram positive cocci that grows in clusters and on your skin.

A

Streptococcus

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10
Q

Gram positive anaerobe bacilli causes diarrhoea

A

Clostridium

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11
Q

catalase positive

A

Staphylococcus

Catalase converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen

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12
Q

cellulitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia and meningitis.

A

Staph and Strep

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13
Q

Scarlet Fever

A

exotoxin Ax, sore throat + scarlet red rash starting on trunk and neck, often sparing the face. Feels like sandpaper.

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14
Q

CASES

A

Jones criteria for rheumatic fever

Carditis
Arthralgia
Syd chorea
Erythema marginatum 
Subcut nodules
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15
Q

Group A Strep

A

Strep pharyngitis: sore throat + red swollen, purulent tonsils, swollen lymph nodes.

Scarlet fever: exotoxin Ax, sore throat + scarlet red rash starting on trunk and neck, often sparing the face. Feels like sandpaper.

Necrotising fasciitis: swelling redness, eventual dusky discolouration with bullae.

Post strep glomerulonephritis

Rheumatic fever

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16
Q

Group B Strep

A

Neonatal sepsis

Meningitis

Pneumonia

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17
Q

Staph Aureus

A

Exotoxin responsible
Gastroenteritis
Toxic shock syndrome
Scalded skin syndrome

Direct organ invasion
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Osteomyelitis
Acute bacterial endocarditis
Septic arthritis
Skin infections: BOILS!
Bacteraemia/sepsis
UTIs
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18
Q

S. Epidermidis

A

Commensal of the skin that rarely causes infection
Contaminates blood cultures: if present at >2 sites then probably significant.
Can cause line/prostheses infections and endocarditis
Resistant to antibiotics (penicillins)

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19
Q

S. saprophyticus

A

2nd commonest cause of UTI in young women after E. coli

NB: Hugo Donaldson asked/grilled about coagulase negative staph during Path viva.

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20
Q

Treating Strep Infections

A

Strep throat – Pen V or amoxicillin for 10 days.

Scarlet fever – Pen V or amoxicillin for 10 days.

Rheumatic fever – Culture +ve = Big ol shot of Pen G.

Necrotising fasciitis – Benzylpenicillin + clindamycin + gentamicin + debridement + panic.

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21
Q

Treating Staph Infections

A

S. aureus: flucloxacillin oral 500mg QDS + vanc and clinda if nasty.

S. epidermidis: vancomycin due to resistance to penicillins.

S. saprophyticus: penicillin.

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22
Q

Surgical Prophylaxis

A

Cefuroxime + metronidazole

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23
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Crosses BBB

Meningitis

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24
Q

Gram negative intracellular

A

Legionella

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25
Q

Gram negtaive coccobacilli

A

Bordetella pertussis

26
Q

Impetigo, Cellulitis and Wound Infections

A

S. aureus and beta-haemolytic Streptococci

Flucloxacillin (unless penicillin allergy or MRSA)

27
Q

Respiratory Tract Infections

A

Pharyngitis
Benzyl penicillin x 10 days
Group A strep

Community-acquired pneumonia (mild)
Amoxicillin
Pneumococcus, haemophillus,

Community-acquired pneumonia (severe)
Co-amoxiclav & clarithromycin
Pneumococcus, hameophilus, ?marixcella etc. clarithromycin for atypical

28
Q

Hospital-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections

A

Tend to be gram negative

cephalosporin; ciprofloxacin; piperacillin/tazobactam

If MRSA colonised/risk, consider addition of Vancomycin

29
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

A

Main pathogens:
N. Meningitidis
S. pneumoniae

+/- Listeria in the very young/elderly/immunocompromised

Ceftriaxone (+/- amoxycillin if Listeria likely)

30
Q

Hospital Acquired UTI

A

Cephalexin

31
Q

Bare lymphocyte syndrome II

A

Lack of expression of CD4+
Regulatory Factor X
Class II transactivator

Lack of CD4 cells
Normal CD8 cells
Normal number of B cells
But deficiency of IgG and IgA as need CD4 to class switch

32
Q

Lactose fermenting (LFC)
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella spp

Non-lactose fermenting (NLF)
Proteus
Pseudomonas

A

Gram negative rods

Commensals in colon

33
Q

E.Coli

A

UTI

34
Q

Gram Positive Anaerobe

spore forming

A

C.Diff

35
Q

PO metronidazole 10-14 days

Vancomycin as 2nd line

A

Treatment of C.Diff

36
Q

Staphylococcus

OR

Streptococcus

A

Gram positive cocci

37
Q

Bacilli
Spore-forming
Bacillus anthracis/cereus
Clostridium difficile

Non-spore forming
Corynebacterium
Listeria

Cocci
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Enterococci

A

Gram positive

38
Q

Bacilli
Every other bacteria ever…

Cocci
Neisseria

Spiral/comma
Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Vibrio

A

Gram negative

39
Q

do not have a cell wall

They only have a simple cell membrane, so they are neither G+ nor G-.

A

Mycoplasma

40
Q

Streptococcus

A

facultative anaerobe Gram positive cocci that grows in clusters and on your skin.

41
Q

Clostridium

A

Gram positive anaerobe bacilli causes diarrhoea

42
Q

Staphylococcus

Catalase converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen

A

catalase positive

43
Q

Staph and Strep

A

cellulitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia and meningitis.

44
Q

exotoxin Ax, sore throat + scarlet red rash starting on trunk and neck, often sparing the face. Feels like sandpaper.

A

Scarlet Fever

45
Q

Jones criteria for rheumatic fever

Carditis
Arthralgia
Syd chorea
Erythema marginatum 
Subcut nodules
A

CASES

46
Q

Strep pharyngitis: sore throat + red swollen, purulent tonsils, swollen lymph nodes.

Scarlet fever: exotoxin Ax, sore throat + scarlet red rash starting on trunk and neck, often sparing the face. Feels like sandpaper.

Necrotising fasciitis: swelling redness, eventual dusky discolouration with bullae.

Post strep glomerulonephritis

Rheumatic fever

A

Group A Strep

47
Q

Neonatal sepsis

Meningitis

Pneumonia

A

Group B Strep

48
Q

Exotoxin responsible
Gastroenteritis
Toxic shock syndrome
Scalded skin syndrome

Direct organ invasion
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Osteomyelitis
Acute bacterial endocarditis
Septic arthritis
Skin infections: BOILS!
Bacteraemia/sepsis
UTIs
A

Staph Aureus

49
Q

Commensal of the skin that rarely causes infection
Contaminates blood cultures: if present at >2 sites then probably significant.
Can cause line/prostheses infections and endocarditis
Resistant to antibiotics (penicillins)

A

S. Epidermidis

50
Q

2nd commonest cause of UTI in young women after E. coli

NB: Hugo Donaldson asked/grilled about coagulase negative staph during Path viva.

A

S. saprophyticus

51
Q

Strep throat – Pen V or amoxicillin for 10 days.

Scarlet fever – Pen V or amoxicillin for 10 days.

Rheumatic fever – Culture +ve = Big ol shot of Pen G.

Necrotising fasciitis – Benzylpenicillin + clindamycin + gentamicin + debridement + panic.

A

Treating Strep Infections

52
Q

S. aureus: flucloxacillin oral 500mg QDS + vanc and clinda if nasty.

S. epidermidis: vancomycin due to resistance to penicillins.

S. saprophyticus: penicillin.

A

Treating Staph Infections

53
Q

Cefuroxime + metronidazole

A

Surgical Prophylaxis

54
Q

Crosses BBB

Meningitis

A

Ceftriaxone

55
Q

Legionella

A

Gram negative intracellular

56
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

Gram negtaive coccobacilli

57
Q

S. aureus and beta-haemolytic Streptococci

Flucloxacillin (unless penicillin allergy or MRSA)

A

Impetigo, Cellulitis and Wound Infections

58
Q

Pharyngitis
Benzyl penicillin x 10 days
Group A strep

Community-acquired pneumonia (mild)
Amoxicillin
Pneumococcus, haemophillus,

Community-acquired pneumonia (severe)
Co-amoxiclav & clarithromycin
Pneumococcus, hameophilus, ?marixcella etc. clarithromycin for atypical

A

Respiratory Tract Infections

59
Q

Tend to be gram negative

cephalosporin; ciprofloxacin; piperacillin/tazobactam

If MRSA colonised/risk, consider addition of Vancomycin

A

Hospital-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections

60
Q

Main pathogens:
N. Meningitidis
S. pneumoniae

+/- Listeria in the very young/elderly/immunocompromised

Ceftriaxone (+/- amoxycillin if Listeria likely)

A

Bacterial Meningitis

61
Q

Cephalexin

A

Hospital Acquired UTI

62
Q

Lack of expression of CD4+
Regulatory Factor X
Class II transactivator

Lack of CD4 cells
Normal CD8 cells
Normal number of B cells
But deficiency of IgG and IgA as need CD4 to class switch

A

Bare lymphocyte syndrome II

Matt's Path REVERSE (18 decks)

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