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Matt's Path REVERSE > GI Infections > Flashcards

GI Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridia Botulinum

A

Anaerobic

Canned/vacuumed packed foods

Botulin toxin –> Descending paralysis

Blocks Ach release

Give antitoxin

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2
Q

Clostridia Perfringens

A

Anaerobic

Reheated meats

Superantigen enterotoxin

8-16 hrs incubation

Watery diarrhoea + cramps

Lasts 24 hours

Also causes gas gangrene

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3
Q

Clostridia Difficile

A

Anaerobic

2 exotoxins A, B

Pseudomembranous colitis

Tx: Metronidazole (and then vancomycin)

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4
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

Aerobic

Reheated rice

Superantigen

4 hrs incubation

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5
Q

Staph Aureus

A

Aerobic

Catalse coagulase positive

Beta haemolytic on blood agar

Superantigen

Prominent vomiting and watery non-bloody diarrhoea

Self-limiting

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6
Q

E. Coli

A

Gram negative enterobacteriaceae

Facultative anaerobes oxidase negative

Lactose fermenting

ETEC

EIEC

EHEC

HUS

EPEC

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7
Q

ETEC

A

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Toxigenic

Traveler’s diarrhoea

Heat labile LT stimulates adenyl cyclase and cAMP
Heat stable stimulates guanylate cyclase

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8
Q

EIEC

A

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

Invasive dysentery

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9
Q

EHEC

A

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

Haemorrhagic

Verotoxin

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10
Q

EPEC

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli

P = paediatric infection

infantile diarrhoea

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11
Q

Salmonella Typhi

A

(and paratyphi)

Non-lactose fermentors

Enteric fever

Multiply in Peyers patches

Slow onset fever and CONSTIPATION

Relative bradycardia

Splenomegaly

Rose spots

Anemia

Leukopenia

Tx: Ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin

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12
Q

Salmonella enteritides

A

Non-lactose fermentor

Poultry, eggs and meat

Small and large bowel invasion

Non-bloody diarrhoea

Tx: ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin if required

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13
Q

Shigella

A

Non-lactose fermentor

Distal ileum + colon

Mucosal inflammation

Fever

Pain

Bloody diarrhoea

Shiga enterotoxin

Ciprofloxacin if required

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14
Q

Yersina enterocolitis

A

Non-lactose fermentor

Enterocolitis

Mesenteric adenitis

Necrotising granuloma

Erythema nodosum

Cold enrichment 4’C

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15
Q

Vibriosis Cholera

A

Comma shaped

Late lactose fermentors

Oxidase positive

Rice water stool

Increased cAMP –> open Cl- channel

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16
Q

Vibriosis parahaemolyticus

A

Comma shaped

Late lactose fermentors

Oxidase positive

Ingestion of raw undercooked seafood (common in Japan)

3/7 diarrhoea

Self-limiting

Doxycycline

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17
Q

Vibriosis Vulnificus

A

Comma shaped

Late lactose fermentors

Oxidase positive

Cellulitis in shell-fish handlers

fatal sepsis and D&V in HIV patients

Doxycycline

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18
Q

Campylobacter Jejuni

A

Curved, comma, or S-shaped

Microaerophilic

Oxidase positive

Unpastuerised milk

Prodrome: headache, fever, abdo cramps

Bloody diarrhoea (foul smelling)

Assoc with Guillian-Barre, Reactive arthritis

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19
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Beta haemolytic

Tumbling motility

Aesculin positive

Watery diarrhoea

Cramps, headache, fever, some vomiting

Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, Co-trimoxazole

20
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

Protozoa

MSM
Food, water and soil

Motile trophozoite in diarrhoea

Non-motile cyst in non-diarrhoeal illness

4 nuclei

Flask-shaped ulcer

Dysentery
Wind
Tenesmus

chronic weight loss and RUG pain due to liver abscess

Metronidazole + Paromomycin

21
Q

Giardia Lamblia

A

Protozoa

Travellers, Hikders, MSM, psych units

Pear shaped trophozoites / cysts found in stool

cysts in water

Malabsorption of fat and protein

Foul smelling bloody diarrhoea

ELISA string test

Tx: Metronidazole

22
Q

Cryptosporidium Parvum

A

Protozoa

Jejunum

Severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised

Modified Kinyoun acid fast stain —> see oocysts

Tx: Paromomycin

23
Q

Viral diarrhoea

A

Rotavirus

Adenovirus

Norovirus

Poliovirus

Enteroviruses (coxsackie, ECHO)

24
Q

Anaerobic

Canned/vacuumed packed foods

Botulin toxin –> Descending paralysis

Blocks Ach release

Give antitoxin

A

Clostridia Botulinum

25
Q

Anaerobic

Reheated meats

Superantigen enterotoxin

8-16 hrs incubation

Watery diarrhoea + cramps

Lasts 24 hours

Also causes gas gangrene

A

Clostridia Perfringens

26
Q

Anaerobic

2 exotoxins A, B

Pseudomembranous colitis

Tx: Metronidazole (and then vancomycin)

A

Clostridia Difficile

27
Q

Aerobic

Reheated rice

Superantigen

4 hrs incubation

A

Bacillus cereus

28
Q

Aerobic

Catalse coagulase positive

Beta haemolytic on blood agar

Superantigen

Prominent vomiting and watery non-bloody diarrhoea

Self-limiting

A

Staph Aureus

29
Q

Gram negative enterobacteriaceae

Facultative anaerobes oxidase negative

Lactose fermenting

ETEC

EIEC

EHEC

HUS

EPEC

A

E. Coli

30
Q

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Toxigenic

Traveler’s diarrhoea

Heat labile LT stimulates adenyl cyclase and cAMP
Heat stable stimulates guanylate cyclase

A

ETEC

31
Q

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

Invasive dysentery

A

EIEC

32
Q

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

Haemorrhagic

Verotoxin

A

EHEC

33
Q

Enteropathogenic E. coli

P = paediatric infection

infantile diarrhoea

A

EPEC

34
Q

(and paratyphi)

Non-lactose fermentors

Enteric fever

Multiply in Peyers patches

Slow onset fever and CONSTIPATION

Relative bradycardia

Splenomegaly

Rose spots

Anemia

Leukopenia

Tx: Ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin

A

Salmonella Typhi

35
Q

Non-lactose fermentor

Poultry, eggs and meat

Small and large bowel invasion

Non-bloody diarrhoea

Tx: ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin if required

A

Salmonella enteritides

36
Q

Non-lactose fermentor

Distal ileum + colon

Mucosal inflammation

Fever

Pain

Bloody diarrhoea

Shiga enterotoxin

Ciprofloxacin if required

A

Shigella

37
Q

Non-lactose fermentor

Enterocolitis

Mesenteric adenitis

Necrotising granuloma

Erythema nodosum

Cold enrichment 4’C

A

Yersina enterocolitis

38
Q

Comma shaped

Late lactose fermentors

Oxidase positive

Rice water stool

Increased cAMP –> open Cl- channel

A

Vibriosis Cholera

39
Q

Comma shaped

Late lactose fermentors

Oxidase positive

Ingestion of raw undercooked seafood (common in Japan)

3/7 diarrhoea

Self-limiting

Doxycycline

A

Vibriosis parahaemolyticus

40
Q

Comma shaped

Late lactose fermentors

Oxidase positive

Cellulitis in shell-fish handlers

fatal sepsis and D&V in HIV patients

Doxycycline

A

Vibriosis Vulnificus

41
Q

Curved, comma, or S-shaped

Microaerophilic

Oxidase positive

Unpastuerised milk

Prodrome: headache, fever, abdo cramps

Bloody diarrhoea (foul smelling)

Assoc with Guillian-Barre, Reactive arthritis

A

Campylobacter Jejuni

42
Q

Beta haemolytic

Tumbling motility

Aesculin positive

Watery diarrhoea

Cramps, headache, fever, some vomiting

Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, Co-trimoxazole

A

Listeria monocytogenes

43
Q

Protozoa

MSM
Food, water and soil

Motile trophozoite in diarrhoea

Non-motile cyst in non-diarrhoeal illness

4 nuclei

Flask-shaped ulcer

Dysentery
Wind
Tenesmus

chronic weight loss and RUG pain due to liver abscess

Metronidazole + Paromomycin

A

Entamoeba histolytica

44
Q

Protozoa

Travellers, Hikders, MSM, psych units

Pear shaped trophozoites / cysts found in stool

cysts in water

Malabsorption of fat and protein

Foul smelling bloody diarrhoea

ELISA string test

Tx: Metronidazole

A

Giardia Lamblia

45
Q

Protozoa

Jejunum

Severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised

Modified Kinyoun acid fast stain —> see oocysts

Tx: Paromomycin

A

Cryptosporidium Parvum

46
Q

Rotavirus

Adenovirus

Norovirus

Poliovirus

Enteroviruses (coxsackie, ECHO)

A

Viral diarrhoea

Matt's Path REVERSE (18 decks)

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