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LAST Flashcards

1
Q

characterized by difficulties in understanding social interaction; difficulty interpreting other people’s emotional expression

A

ASPERGERS

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2
Q

High-frequency sound waves directed at the mother’s abdomen produce a picture of fetus in uterus.

A

ULTRASOUND

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3
Q

genetic disorder in which the male has an extra Y chromosome

A

XYY SYNDROME

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4
Q

Brain damage, cataracts, jaundice, enlarged liver, kidney damage, if a galactosemic infant is
given milk, unmetabolized milk sugars build up and damage the liver, eyes, kidneys and brain

A

TAY SACHS

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5
Q

zygote travels to the uterus and attached itself to it; rapid cell division occurs; lasting only for 2 weeks

A

GERMINAL STAGE/ PERIOD OF ZYGOTE

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6
Q

is dated from the first day of an expectant mother’s last menstrual cycle

A

GESTATIONAL

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7
Q

major systems, organs & structure of the body develop; in 3 to 8 week

A

EMBRYONIC STAGE / PERIOD OF EMBRYO

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8
Q

reflexes emerged; health can be affected by mother’s diet, health, age or substance use

A

FETAL STAGE / PERIOD OF FETUS

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9
Q

It is the foundation of later development(heredity)

A

PRENATAL PERIOD

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10
Q

Sex is fixed

A

PRENATAL PERIOD

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11
Q

Latin, meaning “near to far,”

A

PROXIMODISTAL

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11
Q

Latin, meaning “head to tail,”

A

CEPHALOCAUDAL

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12
Q

is the first form of milk produced by the mammary glands of humans & other mammals immediately following delivery of the newborn; it is known to contain immune cells, lymphocytes & antibodies

A

COLOSTRUM

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13
Q

an intervention involving extended skin-to-skin contact, has been theorized tohelp preemies (baby born prematurely) & full-term infants make the adjustment from fetal life to the
jumble of sensory stimuli in the outside world

A

KANGAROO CARE

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14
Q

can occur from as little as 5 seconds of shaking; shaken baby injuriesoften occur in children younger than 2 years old

A

SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME

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15
Q

unlearned organized involuntary responses occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli

A

REFLEX

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16
Q

shortest period of all developmental stage

A

INFANCY STAGE

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17
Q

birth to one month
Rapid physical, growth and development
stable sleep and eating pattern is develop

A

INFANCY STAGE

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18
Q

Physical skills involving large body movement like waving the arms, walking &
jumping; as infant gain muscle strength they start to wiggle, attempting to move forward by pushing
their arms shoulder & upper body against the surface they are on

A

GROSS MOTOR SKILLS

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19
Q

small body movements w/ the hands & fingers like picking up a coin to drawing;
deliberate movements babies can reach for, grab & hold onto most any object that is right size bottle,
rattle etc…

A

FINE MOTOR SKILLS

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20
Q

Beginning to have emotional relationships with primary care givers

A

INFANCY STAGE

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21
Q

need stimulating and socializing experiences for him to become intellectual and sociable person

A

INFANCY STAGE

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22
Q

The sense of confidence is established when the infant gains a feeling that caregivers on whom they
depend to fulfill their needs and are dependable.

A

INFANCY STAGE

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23
Q

Erikson has thought about trust vs. mistrust to be the psychosocial crisis during this period

A

INFANCY STAGE

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24
Q

1 month to 3 years old

A

BABYHOOD STAGE

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25
Q

Increased motor development and physical autonomy; child still lacks skill and judgment, limitations are
recommended for his own safety since accidents are very common.

A

BABYHOOD STAGE

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26
Q

Learning to eat solid food.

A

BABYHOOD STAGE

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27
Q

Physical autonomy may result in clashes with parental authority.

A

BABYHOOD STAGE

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28
Q

Critical period, time when all foundations of adult personality are laid

A

BABYHOOD STAGE

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29
Q

Learn to express will and independence & make choices if not they experience shame and doubt

A

BABYHOOD STAGE

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30
Q

(autonomy vs shame and doubt, Erikson

A

BABYHOOD STAGE

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31
Q

The child now knows the meaning & value of word/s such as “no” & starts using them frequently.
Frustration, resulting in temper tantrums is common.

A

BABYHOOD STAGE

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32
Q

curiosity increases, but verbal & intellectual abilities lag far behind motor development

A

BABYHOOD STAGE

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33
Q

Piaget’s Concepts of Cognitive Development

A

REPRESENTATIONAL ABILITY
CIRCULAR REACTIONS
DEFERRED IMITATION

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33
Q

Piaget’s term for capacity to store mental images or symbols of objects &events ; the ability to mentally represent objects & actions in memory, largely through symbols such as
words, numbers & mental pictures different from schemes- an organized patterns of thought and
behavior used in particular situations.

A

REPRESENTATIONAL ABILITY

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34
Q

-Piaget’s term for processes by w/c an infant learns to reproduce desired occurrences originally discovered by chance ex. An action gets a response from another person or
object, leading to baby’s repeating original action or baby squeezes rubber duct so that duck squeaks

A

CIRCULAR REACTIONS

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35
Q

Piaget’s term referring to a more complex ability requiring long-term memory; it is the reproduction of an observed behavior after the passage of time.

A

DEFERRED IMITATION

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35
Q

is a type of learning in which familiarity with a stimulus reduces, slows, or stops a response

A

HABITUATION

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36
Q

Increase in responsiveness after presentation of a new stimulus

A

DISHABITUATION

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37
Q

Is of fundamental importance to social interaction, language acquisition, and the understanding of
others’ intentions and mental states

A

JOINT ATTENTION

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38
Q

develops between 10 and 12 months, when babies follow an adults’ gaze by looking or pointing in the same direction

A

JOINT ATTENTION

39
Q

refers to mutual interactions with adults that help structure children’s activities and bridge the gap between a child’s understanding and an adult’s.

A

GUIDED PARTICIPATION

40
Q

refers to social dimensions of being male or female. It is acquired by 3 years of age to most
children

A

GENDER

40
Q

tendency of infants to spend more time looking at one sight than another

A

VISUAL PREFERENCE

41
Q

set of expectations that prescribe how female or male should think, act and feel. Both cognitive development and gender schema theories emphasize the role of cognition in gender
development.

A

GENDER ROLE

42
Q

TYPES OF PARENTING

A

Authoritarian parents
Permissive
Authoritative
Uninvolved or neglecting parents

43
Q

controlling, punitive, rigid and cold; their word is law and they value strict, unquestioning obedience.

A

AUTHORITARIAN

44
Q

also called indulgent or nondirective parent; provide lax and inconsistent feedback; require little of their children; place little or no limit or control on their children’s behavior

A

PERMISSIVE

45
Q

firm, setting clear and consistent limit; loving and emotionally supportive parents; take time to explain things to their children

A

AUTHORITATIVE

46
Q

no interest, rejecting & indifferent to their child; detached
emotionally

A

UNINVOLVED OR NEGLECTING PARENTS

47
Q

4 Important Dimensions of Parenting

A

Disciplinary strategies
Warmth and nurturance
Communication styles
Expectations of maturity and control

48
Q

is a centuries-old Hindu ceremony that honors a woman’s first pregnancy.

A

Godh Bharan

49
Q

has become more celebratory than protective in nature

A

Godh Bharan

50
Q

ceremonies and others like it have increasingly come to resemble American baby showers

A

Godh Bharan

51
Q

The single cell formed from separate sperm and egg cells at conception; when two single
cells one from a male and the other from a female join together to form a new cell

A

Zygote

52
Q

The cell released monthly from a woman’s ovaries, which, if fertilized, forms the basis for the
developing organism.

A

Ovum

53
Q

down which the ovum travels to the uterus and in which conception usually occurs.

A

Uterus

54
Q

These cells, unlike all other cells of the body, contain only 23
chromosomes rather than 23 pairs. The only cells that do not contain 46 chromosomes are the sperm
and the ovum, collectively

A

GAMETES

55
Q

is the chemical of which chromosomes are composed.

A

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

56
Q

is released from an ovary roughly midway between two menstrual periods.

A

OVUM

57
Q

process in which gametes divide as all other cells do

A

MITOSIS

58
Q

The first step in the development of a human being

A

CONCEPTION

59
Q

he failure to conceive after 12 consecutive months of unprotected intercourse

A

INFERTILITY

60
Q

A uniquely coded segment of DNA in a chromosome that affects one or more specific body
processes or developments; the string of DNA that makes up each chromosome can be subdivided
further into segments

A

GENES

61
Q

Term describing the genetic pattern when the two genes in the pair at any given
genetic locus both carry the same instructions.

A

HOMOZYGOUS

62
Q

Term describing the genetic pattern when the two genes in the pair at any given
genetic locus carry different instructions, such as a gene for blue eyes from one parent and a gene for
brown eyes from the other parent.

A

HETEROZYGOUS

63
Q

The pattern of characteristics and developmental sequences mapped in the genes of any
specific individual, which will be modified by individual experience into the phenotype.

A

GENOTYPE

64
Q

The expression of a particular set of genetic information in a specific environment; the
observable result of the joint operation of genetic and environmental influences.

A

PHENOTYPE

65
Q

The phenotype is a product of three things

A

the genotype, environmental influences from the time of conception onward,and the interaction between the two

66
Q

The pattern of genetic transmission in which a single
dominant gene influences a person’s phenotype, but an individual must have two recessive genes to
express a recessive trait.

A

Dominant/Recessive pattern of inheritance

67
Q

Any pattern of genetic transmission in which multiple genes
contribute to the outcome, such as is presumed to occur for complex traits such as intelligence or
temperament.

A

Polygenic Pattern of Inheritance

68
Q

The pattern of genetic transmission in which both genes and
environment influence the phenotype.

A

Multifactorial Pattern Of Inheritance

69
Q

a term that simply means that the same gene may be expressed differently in two
individuals who have it.

A

Expressivity

70
Q

in which some genes are biochemically marked at the time ova and sperm develop in the bodies of potential mothers and fathers

A

Genomic Imprinting

71
Q

children inherit genes located outside the nucleus of the zygote

A

Mitochondrial Inheritance

72
Q

These genes are carried in structures called —- that are found in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the ovum before it is fertilized.

A

Mitochondria

73
Q

Children carried in the same pregnancy but who develop from two separately fertilized ova. They are no more alike genetically than other pairs of siblings.

A

Fraternal (dizygotic) Twins

73
Q

Children carried in the same pregnancy who develop from the same fertilized ovum. They are genetic clones of each other.

A

Identical (monozygotic) Twins

74
Q

the first stage of prenatal development, beginning at conception and ending at implantation of the zygote in the uterus (approximately the first 2 weeks).

A

germinal stage

75
Q

Name for the mass of cells from roughly 4 to 10 days after fertilization

A

Blastocyst

76
Q

The name given to the developing organism during the period of prenatal development between about 2 weeks and 8 weeks after conception, beginning with implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine wall.

A

Embryo

77
Q

The second stage of prenatal development, from week 2 through week 8, when the embryo’s organs form.

A

Embryonic stage

78
Q

The sac, or bag, filled with liquid in which the embryo/fetus floats during prenatal life

A

Amnion

79
Q

The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst during prenatal development, from which both the placenta and the umbilical cord are formed.

A

Chorion

80
Q

An organ that develops between the fetus and the wall of the uterus during gestation.

A

Placenta

81
Q

The cord connecting the embryo/fetus to the placenta, containing two arteries and
one vein.

A

Umbilical cord

82
Q

The name given to the developing organism from about 8 weeks after conception until birth.

A

fetus

83
Q

The third stage of prenatal development, from week 8 to birth, when growth and organ
refinement take place

A

fetal stage

84
Q

The fetus’s capacity for survival outside the womb.

A

viability

85
Q

The cells in the nervous system that are responsible for transmission and reception of
nerve impulses.

A

neurons

86
Q

The rapid development of neurons between the 10th and 18th week of gestation.

A

neuronal proliferation

87
Q

The movement of neurons to specialized regions of the brain

A

neuronal migration

88
Q

The part of the cell that contains the nucleus and in which all the cell’s vital functions are
carried out.

A

CELL BODY

89
Q

Tiny spaces across which neural impulses flow from one neuron to the next

A

Synapses

89
Q

Tail-like extensions of neurons.

A

Axons

90
Q

Branchlike protrusions from the cell bodies of neurons.

A

Dendrites

91
Q

appears between the 10th and 15th week. Its presence signals the beginning of sleep
stages in the fetal brain

A

Fetal yawning

92
Q

The “glue” that holds neurons together to give form to the structures of the nervous system.

A

glial cells

93
Q

Substances such as viruses and drugs or events that can cause birth defects.

A

Teratogens

94
Q

involves insertion of a tiny camera into the womb to directly observe fetal development

A

Fetoscopy

95
Q

is a condition in which an individual has three copies of a particular autosome.

A

trisonomy

DEVPSYCH (10 decks)

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