Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy #2- Head and Neck > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the larynx

A
  • Involved in vocalization/phonation
  • Protection of lower respiratory tract by closing at swallowing
  • Closing the glottis for straining, defecation, parturition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Upper airway, nasopharynx, larynx

A
  • Pharyngeal recess
  • Opening of auditory tubes
  • Laryngeal entrance
  • Epiglottis
  • Arytenoid cartilages
  • Vocal folds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parts of the larynx

A
  • Entrance: laryngeal aditus
  • Laryngeal vestibule
  • Glottis (closes the larynx)
  • Infraglottic cavity (in middle of cricoid cartilage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cartilage of the larynx

A
  • Epiglottic cartilage
  • Arytenoid cartilage
  • Cricoid cartilage
  • Thyroid cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epiglottic cartilage

A

Single, median, leaf-shaped, most rostral, elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A
  • Paired, pyramidal-shaped, irregular, mainly hyaline (firmer and can become ossified), but corniculate process is elastic
  • Corniculate tubercle (covered in mucosa) attached to aryepiglottic folds
  • Muscular process is major muscle attachment
  • Vocal process is attached to vocal ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dog arytenoid cartilage

A

Has an additional process called the cuneiform process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A
  • Single, trough shaped, largest, a body and 2 lateral plates, hyaline (firm, can become ossified)
  • Rostral processes connect with thyrohyoid
  • Caudal processes connect with cricoid
  • Caudal thyroid incisure is covered by ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Single, most caudal, signet ring-shaped, a seal (lamina) and an arch ventrally, hyaline (firm, can become ossified)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Position of larynx

A
  • Larynx remains suspended from cranial base by hyoid apparatus
  • Moves as hyoid and tongue move
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Articulations of larynx

A

In dog, there are 2 synovial joints
1. Crico-arytenoid
2. Crico-thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most important joint for regulating glottic opening?

A

Crico-arytenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ligaments and mucosa of the larynx

A
  • Elastic ligaments hold cartilages together and to other structure
  • Vestibular ligaments- less elastic
  • Vocal ligaments- less elastic
    **Mucosa covers them to make folds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Laryngeal ventricles

A

Outpouching of mucosa forms a ventricle called a diverticulum
- Present in horse, dogs, and pigs. Not in ox and cats.

Pigs also have median laryngeal recess which causes an issue when intubating pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles

A
  • Sternothyroideus
  • Thyrohyoideus
  • Pharyngeal muscles (thyropharyngeus & cricopharyngeus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intrinsic muscles nerve supply

A
  • mostly by caudal recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve
  • only exception is crycothyroideus which is supplied by cranial nerve
17
Q

Intrinsic muscles

A
  • cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
  • cricoarytenoideus lateralis
  • arytenoideus transversus
  • cricothyroideus
  • thyroarytenoideus
18
Q

Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

A
  • Abductor of vocal folds
  • Only one that opens glottis
  • Can result in roaring when opening does not occur properly
19
Q

Cricoarytenoideus lateralis

A

o Adductor
o Closes glottis

20
Q

Arytenoideus transversus

A

o Adductor
o Closes glottis

21
Q

Cricothyroideus

A

o Lengthens/tenses vocal folds (course adjustment)
o Supplied by cranial nerve

22
Q

Thyroarytenoideus

A
  • Adjusts tension in vocal folds (fine adjustment)
  • Is split into ventricularis and vocalis in dogs and horses
23
Q

Roaring in horses

A
  • damage to the caudal (recurrent) laryngeal nerve
    **usually left side
  • results in flaccid vocal fold (inability to abduct) leading to narrowed airway and noise during exercise
  • can be corrected by surgically removing or altering vocal folds so they remain abducted
    **similar to debarking of dogs
24
Q

Purring in cats

A

Involves fast twitching of laryngeal muscles and diaphragm

  • air pressurecaudal to closed glottis increases until pressure exceeds the closure pressure of glottis. Allows a burst of air escaping then temporarily lowers pressure until air pressure builds again. Repeats over and over again

Anatomy #2- Head and Neck (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions