Large Intestine Structure and Function

Question 1

4 main parts of large intestine

Answer 1

ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid

Question 2

circular muscle layer is ______ but longitudinal layer is _____

Answer 2

complete, incomplete

Question 3

name given to three bands of longitudinal muscle

Answer 3

teniae coli

Question 4

puckered pouches of large intestine

Answer 4

haustra

Question 5

rectum start and end

Answer 5

sigmoid to anal canal

Question 6

what is notable about the rectums muscularis externa

Answer 6

it is thicker

Question 7

anal canal muscularis is _____ than rectums

Answer 7

thicker

Question 8

epithelial change from rectum to anal canal

Answer 8

simple columnar to stratified squamous

Question 9

connection between small and large intestine

Answer 9

ileum into caecum by ileocaecal valve

Question 10

what kind of muscle is the external anal sphincter

Answer 10

skeletal muscle

Question 11

role of large intestine

Answer 11

absorption of Na and water to create faeces

Question 12

distension of rectal wall produces what reflex

Answer 12

defaecation reflex via mechanoreceptors

Question 13

Symptoms associated with constipation

Answer 13

headache, nausea, loss of appetite and abdominal distension

Question 14

causes of diarrhoea

Answer 14

1. pathogenic bacteria
2. protozoans
3. viruses
4. toxins
5. food

Question 15

______ was the 2nd biggest killer of children under 5 in developing countries in ____

Answer 15

diarrhoea, 2002

Question 16

mechanism of secretory diarrhoea

Answer 16

enterotoxins turn on intestinal chloride secretion of crypt cells –> increase water secretion –> overwhelms absorptive capacity

Question 17

what simple solution can be used to treat diarrhoea

Answer 17

salt sugar solution

Question 18

how does a salt sugar solution treat diarrhoea

Answer 18

more glucose and Na being absorbed –> more water passively out of gut –> not dehydrated no more

secretion still ongoing washes the infection away