Grand Tour of the Alimentary Canal

Question 1

what nerves stimulate salivation?

Answer 1

facial VII and glossopharyngeal IX

Question 2

what effect does excitation of the vagus nerve have on gut motility and secretion?

Answer 2

increases both

Question 3

what is the sympathetic innervation of the gut?

Answer 3

splanchnic nerve

Question 4

what effect does excitation of the splanchnic nerve have on gut motility and secretion?

Answer 4

decreases both

Question 5

what nerve’s action will increase salivation?

Answer 5

splanchnic nerve (sympathetic)

Question 6

what arterial branch supplies the stomach?

Answer 6

coeliac trunk

Question 7

what arterial branch supplies the ascending colon?

Answer 7

superior mesenteric artery

Question 8

what arterial branch supplies the descending colon?

Answer 8

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 9

what are the 3 branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 9

coeliac trunk, SMA and IMA

Question 10

what are the 3 main branches off the coeliac trunk?

Answer 10

common hepatic artery, left gastric artery and splenic artery

Question 11

from inside to outside what are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal?

Answer 11

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa/adventitia

Question 12

what 3 layers comprise the mucosa?

Answer 12

epithelium, lamina propriae and muscularis mucosa

Question 13

what type of epithelium exists in the mouth oesophagus and anal canal?

Answer 13

stratified squamous

Question 14

what type of epithelium exists in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine?

Answer 14

simple columnar

Question 15

what are the 3 main functions of gut epithelium?

Answer 15

1. barrier to seperate inside and out
2. make and secrete mucus, hormones and enzymes
3. absorb products of digestion

Question 16

what is the lamina propriae?

Answer 16

loose connective tissue with glands, blood vessels and lymph vessels

Question 17

what two directions of muscle exist in the muscularis externa?

Answer 17

longitudinal and circumferential

Question 18

where is the submucosal plexus?

Answer 18

within the submucosa

Question 19

where is the myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus

Answer 19

within the muscularis externa, between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers

Question 20

what two plexuses make up the enteric nervous system?

Answer 20

submucosal and myenteric plexuses

Question 21

which is most outermost muscle layer of muscularis externa?

Answer 21

longitudinal

Question 22

what organ does all gut blood pass through on its way to the heart?

Answer 22

liver

Question 23

where does the liver get its arterial supply from?

Answer 23

the hepatic artery

Question 24

why does all the gut blood need to pass through the liver before it can go back to the heart

Answer 24

to extract nutrients and toxins from digestion now circulating in blood

Question 25

which veins cause caput medusae when dilated

Answer 25

superficial epigastric veins

Question 26

what systemic veins anastomose with veins of the portal system?

Answer 26

1. superficial epigastric veins
2. inferior rectal vein
3. retroperitoneal veins
4. oesophageal veins

Question 27

what is this?

Answer 27

oesophageal varices