Gastric Motility and Pancreatic Function

Question 1

why does little mixing occur in the body of the stomach

Answer 1

because the muscle is thin hence a weak contraction

Question 2

which part of the stomach has thick muscle for strong contractions

Answer 2

antrum

Question 3

what causes the pyloric sphincter to contract

Answer 3

antrum contraction

Question 4

what name is given to food in the gut tube

Answer 4

chyme

Question 5

frequency of peristaltic waves

Answer 5

about 3/min

Question 6

where are the pacemaker cells of the stomach

Answer 6

longitudinal muscle layer

Question 7

how are slow waves generated

Answer 7

by spontaneous de and repolarisation

Question 8

what is the basic electrical rhythm

Answer 8

the slow wave rhythm

Question 9

how do slow waves move from cell to cell

Answer 9

through tight junctions

Question 10

when do slow waves create a contraction

Answer 10

when they reach threshold from further depolarisation by gastrin release and stomach wall distension

Question 11

what triggers will inhibit stomach motility

Answer 11

fat, acid, amino acid and hypertonicity in the duodenum. Indicate the stomach is emptying

Question 12

what happens to stomach acid once it reaches the duonenum

Answer 12

it is neutralised to prevent damage to the rest of the gut tube like ulcers

Question 13

what neutralises stomach acid in duodenum

Answer 13

bicarbonate

Question 14

where does duodenum bicarbonate come from

Answer 14

mucus secreted by brunner’s gland in the submucosa

Question 15

nervous control of bicarbonate secretion

Answer 15

vagal and enteric nervous system reflexes

Question 16

what is a long reflex

Answer 16

one which goes to the brain or spinal cord

Question 17

what is a short reflex

Answer 17

one which stays within the enteric plexus

Question 18

effect of secretin on bicarbonate

Answer 18

secretion of bicarbonate from pancreas and liver

Question 19

what kind of feedback system is secretin release

Answer 19

negative feedback

Question 20

location of pancreas

Answer 20

curvature of duodenum to spleen

Question 21

insulin production in pancreas

Answer 21

islet of langerhans

Question 22

enzyme production in pancreas

Answer 22

acini cells of lobule –> pancreatic duct

Question 23

pathway from lobules to duodenum

Answer 23

intercalated ducts –> intralobular ducts –> interlobular ducts –> pancreatic duct –> common bile duct –> hepatopancreatic ampulla – duodenum

Question 24

duct cell secretion

Answer 24

bicarbonate

Question 25

hepatopancreatic ampulla also called

Answer 25

sphincter of oddi

Question 26

where are duct cells

Answer 26

along the sides of intercalated etc ducts

Question 27

how do the zymogens secreted by the pancreas become activated in the duodenum

Answer 27

trypsinogen is converted to trypsin by membrane bound enterkinsa found on the wall on the duodenum.
Trypsin then converts all other zymogens to active enzymes