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GIGU > Large Intestine & Anorectal > Flashcards

Large Intestine & Anorectal Flashcards

1
Q

Functional disorders of the large intestine are primarily diagnosed based on subjective findings and fulfillment of the __ criteria

A

Rome

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2
Q

_____ is a category of colitis (generic term for inflammation of colon) and is well known for two of it’s subtypes

A

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

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3
Q

What are the two subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease? (IBD)

A
  1. Crohns’ disease

2. Ulcerative colitis

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4
Q

What is one of the main secondary disorders associated with disease of the large intestine?

A

Malabsorption

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5
Q

Pain from the large intestine often refers to the ____

A

Back

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6
Q

Is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) considered pathological or functional?

A

Functional

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7
Q

Another name for Irritable Bowel Syndrome? (IBS)

A

Spastic colon

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8
Q

This is a chronic functional disorder of the large intestine. The cause is unclear. Tends to begin in adolescence/20’s and more in females.

A

Irritable Bowel syndrome (IBS)

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9
Q

In diagnosing IBS it is important to fulfill the Rome Criteria, but also very important to _____

A

Rule out other DDX’s

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10
Q

What is this diagnostic system called?

  1. At least 1 day/wk in last 3 months
  2. Onset at least 6 months before diagnosis
  3. Associated w/2 or more of following:
    - related to defecation
    - assoc. w/change in frequency of stool
    - assoc. w/change in form of stool
A

Rome Criteria (IV)

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11
Q

Generic term for inflammation of the colon

A

Colitis

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12
Q

This type of colitis is autoimmune

A

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

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13
Q

This type of colitis is idiopathic

A

Microscopic

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14
Q

The type of colitis related to vascular disease?

A

Ischemic colitis

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15
Q

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis usually begin before age __

A

30

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16
Q

This type of IBD typically affects the distal ileum and right side of the colon. Never the rectum. Microscopic exam would show “skip” lesions

A

Crohn’s disease

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17
Q

Crohn’s disease can lead to perianal conditions in __-__% of cases.

  • Abscesses
  • Fistulas
  • Strictures
  • Anal fissures, hemorrhoids
A

25-33%

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18
Q

T/F: Surgery is not uncommon for a person w/Crohn’s disease

A

True

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19
Q

This type of IBD is common on the LEFT side of the colon (can be transverse) and CAN involve the rectum

A

Ulcerative colitis

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20
Q

How does ulcerative colitis differ from Crohn’s disease as far as complications go?

A

UC DOES NOT cause obstruction, abscess or fistulas. Also surgery is RARE

21
Q

This type of colitis usually affects patient’s >40 yo. Peak incidence is 60s-70s and more common in females. Unknown etiology. It often resolves on it’s own within 3 years

A

Microscopic colitis

22
Q

What are the two subtypes of microscopic colitis?

A

Collagenous, lymphocytic

23
Q

Which subtype of IBD is made worse by smoking?

A

Crohn’s disease

24
Q

Which type of colitis is associated with watery diarrhea?

A

Microscopic

25
Q

____ will not usually cause rectal bleeding, while ___ will. Subtypes of IBD

A

Crohn’s, ulcerative

26
Q

In this type of colitis the colon will appear normal in a colonoscopy. You would need a biopsy to diagnose.

A

Microscopic

27
Q

In this subtype of IBD a colonoscopy would show uniform inflammation

A

Ulcerative colitis

28
Q

This subtype of IBD can have extra-intestinal manifestations such as uveitis, mouth/skin sores, arthritis/sacroiliitis, increased risk of gallstones, headaches and depression.

A

Crohn’s disease

29
Q

Risk factors for this type of colitis include smoking and medications (pain relievers, PPI, antidepressants)

A

Microscopic colitis

30
Q

Mucosal herniations commonly in the distal colon. Attributed to LOW FIBER diet

A

Diverticulosis

31
Q

Diverticulosis is common after age ___ and most (__% +) never have symptoms!

A

40, 70%

32
Q

A significant risk factor for diverticulosis?

A

Constipation

33
Q

LLQ pain especially after a meal and the person gets some relief w/bowel movement.

A

Diverticulosis

34
Q

A person w/diverticulosis would want to consume a high ___ diet (20-35 grams/day)

A

Fiber

35
Q

When mucosal outpocketings become infected and inflamed it is called ____

A

Diverticulitis

36
Q

Fleshy growth in lining of colon or rectum. If untreated can lead to colorectal cancer.

A

Colorectal polyps

37
Q

70% of colorectal cancer occurs in the ___ and ___

A

Rectum, sigmoid

38
Q

Colon cancer is more common in ___, while rectal cancer is more common in ____ (gender)

A

Women, men

39
Q

Two predisposing factors for colorectal cancer?

A
  1. Ulcerative colitis

2. Low fiber diet

40
Q

Colorectal cancer can be diagnosed through routine exam and screening by ____ testing

A

Fecal occult blood (FOBT)

41
Q

Testing for colorectal cancer is suggested at age ___

A

50

42
Q

Painful tear or crack in the lining of the anal canal

A

Anal fissure

43
Q

Sharp, burning or tearing pain w/or after a bowel movement. Bright red blood can be seen on toilet paper and it reoccurs with next bowel movement

A

Anal fissure

44
Q

To diagnose an anal fissure you would want to rule out _____ (possible DDX)

A

Thrombosis hemorrhoid

45
Q

Localized pus in perirectal space which may extend to peritoneum or abdominal organs

A

Anorectal abscess

46
Q

Tubelike opening that extends from anal canal to perianal skin

A

Anorectal fistula

47
Q

Inflammation of the rectal tissue

A

Ano proctitis

48
Q

Itching of perianal skin

A

Pruritis ani

49
Q

Dilated veins in lower rectum

A

Hemorrhoids

GIGU (5 decks)

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