Gastric & Small Intestine

Question 1

This bacteria is a common cause of gastritis, peptic ulcers, stomach cancer, and functional dyspepsia

Answer 1

Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)

Question 2

It is believed that __-__% of people in the US have H pylori in their bodies.

Answer 2

30-40%

Question 3

Most common symptom of H pylori?

Answer 3

Asymptomatic

Question 4

Which two tests are the best for diagnosing H pylori?

Answer 4

1. Stool test

2. Breath test (urea test)

Question 5

Medication treatment for H pylori?

Answer 5

Triple therapy:

• 2 antibiotics
• 1 proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

Question 6

Inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the stomach

Answer 6

Gastritis

Question 7

Two general types of gastritis?

Answer 7

1. Erosive

2. Non-erosive

Question 8

This type of gastritis is typically acute and typically caused by NSAIDS or alcohol

Answer 8

Erosive gastritis

Question 9

This type of gastritis is commonly caused by H pylori and is frequently asymptomatic

Answer 9

Non-erosive

Question 10

What are 3 potential complications of gastritis?

Answer 10

1. Ulcerations (could lead to IDA)
2. Atrophy (can lead to Pernicious anemia)
3. Increased risk of gastric cancer

Question 11

2 basic types of peptic ulcers?

Answer 11

1. Gastric

2. Duodenal

Question 12

Common causes for peptic ulcers? (2)

Answer 12

1. H pylori

2. NSAIDS

Question 13

Which type of peptic ulcer causes pain immediately after eating?

Answer 13

Gastric

Question 14

This type of peptic ulcer has more consistent pain, but is RELIEVED by food, and then the pain occurs 2-3 hours after eating or wakes them up at night.

Answer 14

Duodenal ulcer

Question 15

Most popular diagnostic test for peptic ulcers?

Answer 15

Endoscopy

Question 16

This syndrome is caused by a state of elevated hypercalcemia. The symptoms and complications are referred to as “bones, stones, groans, and psychiatric overtones”

Answer 16

Milk alkali syndrome

Question 18

How would you diagnose milk alkali syndrome?

Answer 18

Serum calcium test (would be elevated)

Question 19

Acute symptoms of this condition include irritability, vertigo, apathy, headaches, weakness, muscles aches, and/or vomiting

Answer 19

Milk alkali syndrome

Question 20

The use of medications to treat dyspepsia in gastritis and peptic ulcers could lead to what other condition?

Answer 20

Milk alkali syndrome

Question 21

An obstruction in the pyloric area. The initial cardinal symptoms are vomiting and nausea.

Answer 21

Gastric outlet obstruction

Question 22

A benign gastric obstruction can cause peptic ulcers, while a malignant would cause ____

Answer 22

Cancer

Question 23

Uncommon in the US, but the most common cause of gastric cancer is ____

Answer 23

H pylori

Question 24

This condition is not typically detected until later stages because of it’s vague symptoms, but the later stages would include weight loss. Early SSXs are epigastric discomfort, fullness, heartburn, dysphagia.

Answer 24

Gastric cancer

Question 25

This condition occurs in infancy. The pyloric sphincter becomes hypertrophied/thickened.

Answer 25

Gastric outlet obstruction (pyloric stenosis)

Question 26

If an infant is having intermittent vomiting with increasing frequency and severity and epigastric distention, you might want to think _____

Answer 26

Pyloric stenosis (gastric obstruction)

Question 27

What common malabsorption problem may occur in the duodenum? The ileum?

Answer 27

• Iron

- Vitamin B12

Question 28

A congenital sacculation of the distal ileum within 100cm of ileocecal valve. It is mostly asymptomatic and incidentally found during exploration for an appendicitis.

Answer 28

Meckel’s Diverticulum

Question 29

SSx’s of this condition are pretty vague: rectal bleeding, cramping in epigastric/umbilical area, nausea, vomiting, possible bowel obstruction.

Answer 29

Meckel’s Diverticulum

Question 30

The most common cause of small intestine obstruction?

Answer 30

Surgical adhesions (60-75%)

Question 31

This condition can cause constipation and flatulence. Early Sx: vomiting. Later Sx: constipation. Signs associated with the strangulation type (more severe) are fever, tachycardia.

Answer 31

Obstruction of the small intestine

Question 32

The MC symptom of this condition is the sudden onset of diarrhea

Answer 32

Infectious/gastroenteritis

Question 33

List three things to be done for supportive care of gastroenteritis:

Answer 33

1. Keep hydrated
2. Limit eating
3. Consider electrolytes

Question 34

The following non-GI disorders can affect _____: diabetes, thyroid, Parkinson’s, MS, scleroderma, medication side effects, radiation therapy.

Answer 34

Motility

Question 35

The following symptoms may all indicate possible _____:
-loose watery or pale, foul smelling bulky stools, fatigue, tingling, muscle cramps/weakness, bleeding or bruising easily, bloating, gas, abdominal pain.

Answer 35

Malabsorption

Question 36

Loose watery or pale, foul smelling bulky stools suggests _____

Answer 36

Steatorrhea (fat malabsorption)

Question 37

Milk alkali syndrome is also known as?

Answer 37

Burnett’s syndrome (chronic), calcium alkali, cope syndrome (intermediate)

Question 38

A hereditary disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten, rye, barley

Answer 38

Celiac disease

Question 39

The most effective treatment type of Bariatric surgery for treating diabetes?

Answer 39

Gastric bypass