Large Animal - Surgery Flashcards
What are the advantages of castration?
Prevents indiscriminate mating
Reduces aggression - easier management of animals, safety of staff and public
Reduces taint
Improves carcass quality
What are the disadvantages of castration?
Reduced growth rate
Pain
Consumers don’t like fat
Loss of potential breeding animals
When is anaesthesia required for castration?
Bull/goat - older than two months
Ram - older thanthree months
What animals can an elastrator ring be used on?
Animals less than a week old
What are the advantages and disadvantages to eslastrator/rubber ring?
Advantages - simplicity, low failure rate
Disadvantages - only within 1 week of age, pain, tissue necrosis
Describe elastrator/rubber ringing
Lambs and calves Causes necrosis of scrotum and testis Within 1 week of birth by law Ensure both testis are within the scrotum and distal tothe ring Mind the penis
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Burdizzo or bloodless castrators?
Advantages - no wound
Disadvantages - pain, high failure rate, scrotal ischaemia, crushing sigmoid flexure
Describe the technique to use a Burdizzo castrator
Draw right testis into bottom of scrotal sac
Hold spermatic cord firmly against lateral edge of neck of scrotum
Clamp cord about 4cm above testis
Second clamp about 2cm distal to first
Repeat for left testis, leave gap between left and right crush marks
What should we warn the owner when using a Burdizzo castrator?
Check scrotum - should contain 2 hard nuts 8 weeks later
What complications are there when using a Burdizzo castrator?
Failure to crush cord adequately
Scrotal necrosis
Accidental clamping of sigmoid flexure of penis
What three things need to be considered when doing an open castration?
Clean calf
Clean environment
Clean surgeon
What two major things must be done when doing an open castration?
Incision must involve bottom of scrotum
Only touch tissues that will be removed
Describe the process of doing an open castration
Put a scalpel and a pair of large forceps in a tray with disinfectant
Get someone else to catch and restrain the calf
Infiltrate local anaesthetic
Swab the scrotum with disinfectant
Tense the testis into the bottom of the scrotum
Pick up the scalpel
Make a J-shaped incision through the skin, dartos and vaginal tunic down to the testis
Avoid slashing wrist or fingers
Put scalpel down
Remove testis (pull and twist)
Repeat on second testis
Describe anaesthesia for an open castration
3-5ml Procaine each side Infiltrate around cord Infiltrate under skin Intratesticular NSAIDs post op
What difference is there between castrating lambs and rams?
Lambs - cut off bottom of scrotum, local anaesthetic
Rams - require greater care, epidural block