Large Animal Flashcards
Which hormone lengthens diestrus in the bovine?
Progesterone
You examine a pregnant mare at 15 days gestation and identify twins; you manually crush one via rectal palpation. What are 2 reasons for doing this?
Twin pregnancies can often terminate 1) early fetal resorption or loss 2) late tern abortions or 3) birth of small growth retarded foals. Mares aborting twins in late gestation frequently have foaling difficulties and can be difficult to rebreed
What is the pathologic mechanism of persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus?
Animals become persistently infected with BVDV if the fetus is exposed to the virus before development of the immune system. This results in immune tolerance as the virus is recognized as “self”
Regarding pregnancy failure in pigs, most infections resulting in mummification occur in what gestational age range?
Between 35-70 days of gestation
What are 3 recognized tx that may be used for converting atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm in horses?
Quinidine
Quinidine plus digoxin
Electrical defibrillation/conversion
Benign neglect
which production animal species is most susceptible to copper poisoning?
sheep
The sow and mare have which type of placentation?
Diffuse
what is a characteristic finding of the erythrocytes of normal camelids?
elliptical shaped
hypoventilation in a horse under GA can produce which type of acid/base disturabance?
uncompensated respiratory acidosis
how many compartments make up the stomach of the camelid?
a functional corpus luteum is lysed by which hormone normally produced by th endometrium?
PGF-2a
Prostaglandin F 2 alpha
an older horse is diagnosed with a diastolic, decrescendo mrumur on the left side during routine physical exam. What is the most likely etiology?
aortic insufficiency/aortic regurgitation
age related
Severe pruritis, persistent rubbing resulting in wool loss, and impaired locomotion are classic clinical signs of which disease of sheep?
scrapie
at which stage of gestation would an infection with BVDV likely produce a PI animal?
45-125 days
What is distinctive about the macroscopic appearance of female Haemonchus worms?
a “barber pole” appearance
intertwined uterus and intestine
a horse with deciduous incisors can be said to be less than what age?
2.5 years
which etiologic agent is associated with caseous necrotic lesions in the lymph nodes or visceral organs of small ruminants?
corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
which clinical sign of Horner’s syndrome differentiates horses from cattle?
horses sweat-ipsilateral to the affected side
cattle do not
which two organisms are required for the completion of the life cycle of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis?
deer and snail
describe the typical acid/base and electrolyte disturbances that characterize a long-standing abomasal outflow obstruction in a cow
hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
What is the cause of mulberry heart disease in pigs?
Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency
Mares with which blood group characteristics are at risk for producing a foal with neonatal isoerythrlysis?
Mares that are negative for either or both the Aa and Qa antigens
crias are born enveloped in an extrafetal epidrmal membrane. What are its function?
provides lubrication during delivery
keep them dry at birth (an evolutionary advantage for neonates in colder, high-altitue climates)
Name the porcine giant kidney worm
stephanuris dentatus
muscle stiffness and tremor, trismus and prolapse of the third eyelid are classic clinical findings for which neurological disease of large animals?
tetanus
is a right flank omentopexy suitable for treating a left-sided abomasal displacement, a right-sided abomasal displacement or both?
both
Aujeszky’s disease of swine causes which reportable disease of ruminants?
Pseudorabies
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS) manifests with which 2 main signs on a herd level?
breeding losses and respiratory disease
What is hte most important differential for duodenitis-proximal jejunitis in horses?
small bowel obstruction
What is the major problem associated with prophylactic use of penicillin in horses exposed to Streptococcus equi but not showing clinical signs?
horses are highly susceptible to disease following discontinuation of therapy
Which 2 organ systems are affected when horses sustain toxicosis by ingesting red maple leaves?
RBC lysis leading to pigment nephropathy/renal failure
What are the 2 synergistically-acting causative agents of footrot in cattle?
Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteriodes melaninogenicus
in ruminants, the ____________ is the major target organ in immediate, type-1 hypersensitivity reactions
Lungs
What are the radiographic signs of chronic laminitis in the horse?
Rotation and/or vertical displacement (sinking) of P3 from the hoof wall
thin sole
pathologic P3 fx
which nerve deficits to the head can occur as a result of guttural pouch mycosis in horses?
Laryngeal paralysis (x)
dysphagia (IX, X)
facial nerve paralysis (VII)
Horner’s syndrome (sympathetic fibers)
Which disorder is commonly referred as white heifer disease?
Segmental aplasia of the genital tract
occurs spontaneously in all cattle breeds
in most cases, the ovaries, uterine tube and cranial part of the uterine horns are normal, but the normal drainage of the endometrial secretions through the cervix is impeded, commonly by an intact hymen
Which infectious organism commonly causes epizootic abortion in the second half of gestion in sheep?
Campylobacter spp.
What is the causative agent of classical swine fever?
hog cholera virus
Caudal epidural anesthesia in a cow is administered via which intervertebral space?
the sacrococcygeal space (between S5, Cd1)
What is the most common skin tumor of cattle?
papillomas
caused by bovine papillomavirus
Which congenital defect is linked to polled gene in goats?
Intersexuality
Necrotic larygnitis (or calf diphtheria) is caused by the invasion of which bacteria into the cartilage of the larynx?
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Which common cause of anemia exclusive to camelids can be routinely diagnosed with a blood smear?
Eperhthrozoonosis
Mycoplasma haemolamae
An outbreak of disease characterized by high fever, moderate anorexia, recumbency and reddening of the skin is affecting almost all the pigs on the hog farm. The farmer recently traveled to South Africa. Most likely diagnosis?
African Swine Fever
in a feedlot, which component of the diet is generally overfed if cattle are developing frothy bloat?
concentrate
During the carrier state, equine viral arteritis virus is solely present in which organ system?
the reproductive tract
Which equine herpesvirus infection is commonly restricted to the respiratory tract?
Equine herpesvirus-4
Which muscle disorder of horses is associated with an abnormal glucose metabolism and increased insulin sensitivity?
Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM)
Which syndrome in cattle is characterized by hemoptysis, results from ruminitis with subsequent development of liver abscesses?
Caudal vena cava syndrome
Floppy ears and failure of the incisor teeth to erupt are an indication of which disorder in newborn crias?
prematurity
Expiratory wheezes are a hallmark of which one of the following respiratory diseases of horses?
laryngeal hemiplegia
inflammatory airway disease
recurrent airway obstruction
Recurrent airway obstruction
Which gram negatve organism is the most common cause of infection in large animal neonates?
E. coli
