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Languedoc/Rousillon Flashcards

1
Q

m

When did Languedoc-Roussillon Merge as one region?

A

Languedoc-Roussillon has been under the same administrative banner since 2017

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2
Q

Which departments are included in Languedoc?

A

Aude, Herault, Gard

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3
Q

What department is Roussillon located in?

A

Pyrenees-Orientales

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4
Q

How many hectares are under vine in Languedoc-Roussillon?

A

225,000 ha

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5
Q

Is the average yield in Languedoc-Roussillon high or low?

A

Very low, due to a warm, windy climate

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6
Q

From 2005-2015, how did Languedoc-Roussillon’s yields compare to other French regions?

A

Had the lowest yields of all French regions

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7
Q

What type of land do most vineyards in Languedoc occupy?

A

Low-lying alluvial plains

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8
Q

What significant infrastructure was constructed in the late 17th century that impacted Languedoc’s wine industry?

A

Canal du Midi

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9
Q

What percentage of wine production in Languedoc consists of AOC wines?

A

Less than 15%

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10
Q

What role have co-ops played in the Languedoc wine production since the 1950s?

A

Initially accounted for 90% of production, now produce 60% of total

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11
Q

What happened to Languedoc and Roussillon’s wine production after 1973?

A

Became the largest source of everyday wine in France

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12
Q

What climatic conditions are typical in Languedoc-Roussillon?

A

Rainfall below 600mm, lots of sunshine, warm summers

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13
Q

What is the Tramontane?

A

Cool, dry north-westerly winds blowing for about 200 days per year

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14
Q

What is the proportion of organic certified vineyards in Languedoc-Roussillon?

A

⅓ of France’s total

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15
Q

Which grape varieties are most commonly grown in Languedoc?

A
  • Syrah
  • Grenache
  • Merlot
  • Carignan
  • Cabernet
  • Chardonnay
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16
Q

What is a notable characteristic of Carignan grapes?

A

Buds late and ripens late

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17
Q

What is the maximum yield for Carignan per hectare?

A

Up to 200 hl/ha, but with low flavour intensity

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18
Q

What is the typical color and flavor profile of Carignan wines?

A

Ruby color with blackberry, high acid and tannins

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19
Q

What training method has predominated in Languedoc vineyards?

A

Historically trained as bush vines, now mostly trellised

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20
Q

What is common winemaking practice for basic wines in Languedoc?

A

Short ferment, mid-range temperatures, cultured yeast

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21
Q

What percentage of Languedoc’s wine production is IGP wine?

A

More than 70%

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22
Q

What is the maximum yield for IGP wine?

A

90 hl/ha, or 100 hl/ha for rosé

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23
Q

What are the top four grape varieties grown for IGP wine in Languedoc?

A
  • Merlot
  • Cabernet
  • Chardonnay
  • Syrah
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24
Q

True or False: Most AOC wines from Languedoc require a minimum of two grape varieties.

A

True

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25
Q

What is a distinctive requirement for wines from the Corbieres AOC?

A

Min 40% must be any combination of Carignan, Grenache, Mourvedre, and Syrah

26
Q

What is the altitude range for the Cotes du Roussillon?

A

100-250 masl

27
Q

What is the primary grape variety in the Cotes du Roussillon Village?

A

Grenache, Mourvedre, and Syrah

28
Q

What is the altitude range for Minervois?

29
Q

What is the maximum yield for Corbieres-Boutenac AOC?

30
Q

What is the required grape composition for wines from Fitou?

A

Must include both coastal and inland varieties

31
Q

What is the climate like in Pic Saint Loup?

A

More continental with cold winters and warm summers

32
Q

What is the main grape variety used in Picpoul de Pinet?

33
Q

What percentage of Roussillon’s vineyard area is AOC?

A

Around 70%

34
Q

What has happened to vineyard plantings in Roussillon since the 1980s?

A

Decreased by about 2/3rds

35
Q

What is the maximum yield for Cotes du Roussillon?

36
Q

What is the primary climate of Roussillon?

A

Warm, windy Mediterranean climate

37
Q

What is the top export market for Picpoul de Pinet?

38
Q

True or False: Co-ops account for around 75% of output in Roussillon.

39
Q

What is the primary grape variety in Cotes du Roussillon?

A

Grenache, Mourvedre, and Syrah

40
Q

What is the maximum percentage of carignan allowed in vineyards?

A

Less than 50%

Carignan must be less than 50% in vineyards, while syrah and mourvedre must make at least 25% combined or separately.

41
Q

What are the blending rules for wines?

A

Wines must be two varieties, with no variety to be more than 80%

This ensures a diverse blend in the wine production.

42
Q

What is the altitude range for Cotes du Roussillon Village?

A

100-400m

Altitude influences the cooling effect and acidity in wines.

43
Q

What is the maximum yield for Cotes du Roussillon Village?

A

45hl/ha

Yields are often below this due to hot, dry conditions.

44
Q

How many villages can append their names to Cotes du Roussillon Village?

A

Five villages

Some villages have lower maximum yields and may require carbonic maceration for carignan.

45
Q

What are the principal grape varieties for Collioure red wines?

A

Grenache, syrah, mourvedre

These varieties contribute to the full-bodied, dry wines of the region.

46
Q

What is the maximum yield for red and white wines in Collioure?

A

40hl/ha

This yield is uncommon due to the area’s heat, low rainfall, and poor soils.

47
Q

What does IGP Cotes Catalanes include?

A

Pyrenees Orientales department

It is used for red and white wines, including some super premium white wines.

48
Q

What percentage of Provence’s wine production is rosé?

A

90%

This represents 40-50% of France’s rosé production.

49
Q

Which varieties are primarily focused on for red wines in Provence?

A

Grenache, syrah, carignan, cinsaut, mourvedre

These varieties have gained prominence in recent years.

50
Q

What is the effect of the Mistral wind on vineyards?

A

Cooling influence and reduces fungal disease pressure

However, it can also interrupt flowering and reduce yields.

51
Q

What is the significance of trellised vines in viticulture?

A

Aid mechanization and control canopy

Trellises help achieve sugar and phenolic ripeness, making vineyard access easier.

52
Q

What process is used to make rosé wine?

A

Direct pressing or short maceration

Short maceration lasts less than a few hours.

53
Q

What temperature range is fermentation done at for rosé?

A

14-18ºC

This temperature protects delicate primary fruit and avoids undesirable aromas.

54
Q

What is the largest appellation in Provence?

A

Cotes de Provence

It has 20,000 hectares of planted vineyard, with 95% being rosé.

55
Q

What is the maximum yield for Cotes de Provence wines?

A

55hl/ha

Realistically, yields are around 45hl/ha.

56
Q

What is the primary grape variety in Bandol?

A

Mourvedre

Red wines must contain 50-95% mourvedre and are aged in oak for 18 months.

57
Q

What percentage of Provence’s rosé is sold in France?

A

58%

Of this, 25% is sold to supermarkets.

58
Q

What is the top export market for Provence wines?

A

USA

The USA takes nearly half of all Provence exports.

59
Q

What is the role of co-operatives in Provence?

A

Responsible for nearly 50% of production

Co-ops are important alongside privately owned wineries.

60
Q

Fill in the blank: The best sites for yielding wine are protected from the _______.

61
Q

True or False: The area under vine in Bandol has increased in the last 25 years.

A

False

The area has reduced from 1400ha to 600ha due to competition for land.

62
Q

What are the Major AOP’s in Languedoc?

A

Cabardes, Malapere, Boutenac, Faugere, Fitou, La Clape, Minervois, Minervois-St Jean, Picpoul de Pinet

d3 Cards from Notes (10 decks)

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