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Burgundy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main grape varieties used in Burgundy?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

Burgundy is known for mainly single-varietal wines, primarily pinot and chardonnay.

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2
Q

What is the latitude of Burgundy?

A

47ºN

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3
Q

What is the average annual rainfall in Burgundy?

A

775mm pa

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4
Q

How many regions comprise Burgundy?

A

Five regions: Chablis, Cote d’Or, Cote Chalonnaise, Maconnais, and Beaujolais

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5
Q

What is the primary grape variety planted in the Yonne department, including Chablis?

A

Chardonnay (about 80%)

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6
Q

What percentage of Cote d’Or is planted with Pinot Noir?

A

Over 60%

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7
Q

What is the most planted variety in Burgundy?

A

Chardonnay (over 15k ha)

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8
Q

What type of climate does Chablis have?

A

Continental Climate

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9
Q

What are the typical flavors found in Chablis wines?

A

Green apple and lemon flavors

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10
Q

What is the historical significance of Chablis in the early 19th century?

A

Its popularity boomed due to its proximity to Paris

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11
Q

What major event caused a decline in Chablis plantings in the 19th century?

A

Building of the Paris-Lyon-Marseille Railway

This made cheaper wines from southern france accessible to the Parisians.

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12
Q

What is the impact of the 1945 frost on Chablis plantings?

A

Reduced Chablis to its lowest planting levels in history (500ha)

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13
Q

What is the current planted area of Chablis?

A

About 5800ha

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14
Q

What are the main soil types found in Chablis?

A

Kimmeridgian and Portlandian limestone

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15
Q

What is the most commonly used rootstock in Chablis?

A

41B (vinifera x berlandieri)

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16
Q

What is the maximum yield for Petit Chablis?

A

75hl/ha

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17
Q

True or False: Chardonnay is the only grape variety allowed in the Chablis appellation.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the difference between Petit Chablis and Chablis wines?

A

Petit Chablis comes from higher, cooler vineyards predominantly with Portlandian limestones; Chablis has larger areas of Kimmeridgian limestone.

Kimmeridgian is known as Terre Blanche in Loire Valley

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19
Q

What does the term ‘lieux-dits’ refer to in Chablis?

A

Specified plot names within larger premier cru vineyards

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20
Q

What is the composition of the Grand Cru vineyard in Chablis?

A

Mix of crumbly marl with good drainage and high clay content

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21
Q

What is the legal limit for chaptalization in Chablis?

A

Up to the legal limit in all but the warmest vintages

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22
Q

What is the primary concern regarding climate for Burgundy’s vineyards?

A

Uncertainty about ripening and marked vintage variation

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23
Q

What methods are used to counter spring frost in vineyards?

A
  • Smudge pots
  • Aspersion
  • Pruning choices
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24
Q

What is the main issue caused by hail during the growing season?

A

Can devastate the crop, sometimes wiping out entire vintages

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25
Q

What is a common practice to manage yield in Burgundy vineyards?

A

Debudding and green harvesting

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26
Q

What are the two popular training methods for vines in Burgundy?

A
  • Double Guyot
  • Poussard-Guyot
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27
Q

What is the typical density of vines planted in Burgundy?

A

Around 8000-10000 vines per hectare

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28
Q

What is the maximum yield for Chablis Grand Cru?

A

54hl/ha

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29
Q

What is the primary grape variety used in Cote d’Or?

A

Pinot Noir

30
Q

What is the significance of the Morvan Hills in Burgundy?

A

Provides shelter from rain coming in from the Atlantic

31
Q

What is the typical rainfall in the Cote d’Or?

A

Around 700mm

32
Q

What are the main concerns regarding rainfall during the growing season?

A
  • Disrupting flowering and fruitset
  • Increasing threats of fungal diseases
  • Dilution of grapes before harvest
33
Q

What is the effect of soil depth on vine support in Burgundy?

A

Erosion can leave the site unable to support vines

34
Q

What are the two grape varieties historically planted in Cote Chalonnaise?

A
  • Aligote
  • Gamay
35
Q

What does ‘massale selection’ refer to in grape growing?

A

Choosing to plant via a mix of clones for diversity and disease resistance

36
Q

What is a common symptom of Pinot Noir in Burgundy due to climate?

A

Susceptibility to spring frosts

37
Q

What is the typical flavor profile of red Burgundy wines?

A

Strawberry, raspberry, red cherry flavors

38
Q

What is the primary method of grape sorting in Burgundy winemaking?

A

Sorting tables

39
Q

What is the maximum enrichment limit for white winemaking in Burgundy?

40
Q

What is the main goal of the L’Union des Grands Crus de Chablis?

A

Promote the quality of Chablis Grand Cru

41
Q

What is the impact of early and late harvest on wine?

A

Early harvest preserves acidity but sacrifices ripeness; late harvest leads to softer wine style but raises weather concerns.

42
Q

How is most fruit harvested in Burgundy?

A

Almost all fruit is picked by hand.

43
Q

What is permitted but rarely practiced in white winemaking?

A

Acidification.

44
Q

What is Chaptalisation and when is it likely to be used?

A

Chaptalisation is the addition of sugar to increase alcohol content, more likely used in recent warm vintages.

45
Q

What is the maximum enrichment allowed in Burgundy wines?

46
Q

What process is commonly used to clarify the must for top white wines?

A

Sedimentation.

47
Q

What are cheaper wines often clarified with?

A

Egg whites, depth filtration.

48
Q

What is hyperoxidation used for in winemaking?

A

To oxidise and remove unstable compounds from the final wine.

49
Q

What type of yeast is more common in high-quality fermentation?

A

Wild yeast.

50
Q

What fermentation temperature is typically maintained for cheaper and mid-priced wines?

A

16-18 degrees Celsius.

51
Q

What cask size is standard for Burgundy wines?

A

228L piece.

52
Q

What process is common to reduce reductive flavours in white winemaking?

A

Battonage.

53
Q

What is the goal of handling Pinot Noir in red winemaking?

A

To maintain primary fruit and avoid overwhelming delicate flavors with new oak.

54
Q

What is cold soaking, and why is it used?

A

Cold soaking is used to extract maximum color from thin-skinned varieties.

55
Q

What is the typical maceration period for more concentrated wines?

A

Up to 3 weeks.

56
Q

What is the classification system for Burgundy wines based on?

A

Soil, aspect, and microclimate.

57
Q

What percentage of Burgundy is classified as Grand Cru?

A

Approximately 1%.

58
Q

What are the key villages of Cotes de Nuits?

A
  • Gevrey Chambertin
  • Morey Saint Denis
  • Chambolle Musigny
  • Vougeot
  • Vosne Romanee
  • Nuits St George
59
Q

What type of wines are predominantly produced in the Cote Chalonnaise?

A

More red than white.

60
Q

What is unique about Bouzeron wine?

A

Must be 100% Aligoté.

61
Q

What is the pyramid of quality in the Maconnais?

A

Macon, then Macon Village, then Macon with named villages.

62
Q

What is the primary wine style produced in Pouilly-Fuisse?

A

White wines.

63
Q

What is the impact of winemaking decisions on wine style?

A

Decisions like destemming, use of new oak, and battonage significantly affect style.

64
Q

What has changed in Burgundy’s market structure since the 1980s?

A

A move towards domaine bottling.

65
Q

Who are the main types of organizations in Burgundy?

A
  • Growers
  • Domaines
  • Negociants
  • Micro negociants
  • Co-operatives
66
Q

What law influences the organization of wine producers in Burgundy?

A

Napoleonic law, where each child is entitled to an equal share of inheritance.

67
Q

What is the significance of land prices in Burgundy?

A

Land prices are among the highest in the world due to high demand and small production volumes.

68
Q

What is the largest export market for Burgundy wines?

A

USA, UK, and Canada.

69
Q

What is the relationship between domaine and appellation in Burgundy pricing?

A

Both are important drivers of price.

70
Q

True or False: Burgundy produces more wine than Bordeaux.

d3 Cards from Notes (10 decks)

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