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Germany Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of Germany’s plantings are riesling?

A

25% of Germany’s plantings are riesling

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2
Q

What percentage of the world’s riesling is produced by Germany?

A

Germany produces nearly 40% of the world’s riesling

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3
Q

What wine became the face of German wine exports in the 1980s?

A

Liebfraumilch

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4
Q

What historical event in the 17th century caused a decline in the German wine industry?

A

The 30 years war

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5
Q

What new laws were introduced in the 1830s that impact modern German wine law?

A

Minimum must weight for grapes

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6
Q

In what year was Germany unified?

A

1871

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7
Q

What are two famous wine institutes founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

A
  • Geisenheim
  • Julius Kuhn-Institut
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8
Q

What grape became a key part of average blends after the wars?

A

Muller Thurgau

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9
Q

What was the aim of the vineyard restructuring program initiated after the wars?

A

Increase efficiency and reduce costs

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10
Q

What was established by the fifth German wine law passed in 1971?

A

Protected labelling and classification of styles based on must weights

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11
Q

What is the latitude range for Germany’s main wine regions?

A

49-50ºN

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12
Q

What type of climate does Germany’s vineyards experience?

A

Cool and continental

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13
Q

What are the best vineyard locations in Germany?

A

Steep, south-facing slopes

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14
Q

What was Germany’s vineyard area in 2018?

A

Around 100,000 ha

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15
Q

What was the average annual production of wine in Germany from 2017 to 2021?

A

8.7 million hl

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16
Q

What is the average yield for Deutscherwein and Landwein?

A

Around 150hl/ha

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17
Q

What is the significance of Pendelbogen in vineyard management?

A

Increases sap flow and number of viable buds

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18
Q

What percentage of vineyard area in Germany is certified organic?

A

9%

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19
Q

What is the most planted black grape variety in Germany?

A

Spatburgunder

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20
Q

What now-succesful grape variety was created in the 1880s?

A

Muller-Thurgau AKA Rivaner

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21
Q

Describe a typical dornfelder wine

A

Deeply coloured, high acid with fruity and floral tones

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22
Q

What are the two primary types of wines Silvaner produces?

A
  • Simple, inexpensive wines
  • High-quality, dry wines in Franken
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23
Q

What is the significance of sussreserve in German winemaking?

A

Sweetening agent made from grapes of the same region and quality

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24
Q

What is the maximum allowed enrichment for wines in EU Zone A?

A

Up to 3%

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25
Q

What is the traditional fermentation vessel size in the Mosel?

A

1000l Fuder

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26
Q

What has been the trend in the German domestic market since the 1980s?

A

Shift towards trocken or halbtrocken wines

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27
Q

What is the impact of high sugar levels on fermentation for Beernauslese?

A

Fermentation can be slow, resulting in low alcohol and high RS

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28
Q

What does the term ‘Pradikatswein’ refer to?

A

Quality wine classifications in Germany

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29
Q

What year was the current German wine law established?

A

1971

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30
Q

What is the harmony found in German wines?

A

Ness in German wines is in harmony with fruit and acidity, rather than being used to hide bitterness.

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31
Q

What is thermovinification used for in red wine production?

A

Thermovinification is used to extract colour and fruit without tannins.

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32
Q

What processes do higher quality German wines, particularly Spätburgunder, undergo?

A

Cold maceration, whole bunch and aging in oak.

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33
Q

What is the current German wine law established?

A

The current German wine law was established in 1971.

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34
Q

What are the four quality levels of German wine?

A
  • Deutscher Wein
  • Landwein
  • Qualitätswein
  • Prädikatswein
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35
Q

Define Deutscher Wein.

A

Deutscher Wein, aka Tafelwein, is made exclusively from grapes grown in Germany.

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36
Q

What is the alcohol content requirement for Deutscher Wein?

A

Alcohol must be between 8.5% and 15%.

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37
Q

What is Landwein in German wine classification?

A

Landwein is the German equivalent of PGI, introduced in 1982.

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38
Q

What are the requirements for grapes in Landwein?

A

85% of grapes must originate in the Landwein region named on the label.

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39
Q

What is the PDO category that is less strict than Prädikatswein?

A

Qualitätswein.

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40
Q

What must be true for grapes in Qualitätswein?

A

Grapes must come exclusively from one of 13 Anbaugebiete.

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41
Q

What is the minimum ABV for Qualitätswein?

A

The lower ABV is 7%.

42
Q

What must Qualitätswein undergo before release?

A

Laboratory analysis and blind tasting.

43
Q

What is Prädikatswein?

A

Prädikatswein is a PDO category similar to Qualitätswein but more stringent.

44
Q

What is the must weight requirement for Prädikatswein?

A

Grapes must come from one of 40 Bereich with the highest must weights.

45
Q

What are the levels of Prädikatswein?

A
  • Kabinett
  • Spätlese
  • Auslese
  • Beerenauslese
  • Eiswein
  • Trockenbeerenauslese
46
Q

What characterizes Kabinett wines?

A

Highest acid, lowest must weights, dry to medium-sweet in style.

47
Q

What does Spätlese mean?

A

Spätlese means ‘late picked’ and involves grapes picked about 2 weeks later than Kabinett.

48
Q

What is Auslese?

A

Auslese is made from extra ripe bunches of grapes, often with honey and botrytis notes.

49
Q

What is required for Beerenauslese production?

A

Must be hand picked and often has very ripe and dried stonefruit flavors.

50
Q

What is Eiswein?

A

Eiswein is made from grapes picked when frozen at temperatures below -7ºC.

51
Q

What is Trockenbeerenauslese?

A

Trockenbeerenauslese requires extremely high must weights and is affected by botrytis.

52
Q

What defines the sweetness levels in German wines?

A
  • Trocken: less than 4g/l RS
  • Halbtrocken: between 4-12g/l
  • Lieblich: between 12 and 45g/l
  • Süß: more than 45g/l
53
Q

What is the trend for halbtrocken wines?

A

Halbtrocken wines are on the decline.

54
Q

What is the legal status of Liebfraumilch?

A

Liebfraumilch is protected by law.

55
Q

What is the VDP?

A

VDP is an association founded to promote wines made without enrichment.

56
Q

What is the VDP’s vineyard classification system?

A
  • VDP Gutswein
  • VDP Ortswein
  • Erste Lage
  • Grosse Lage
57
Q

What is the maximum yield for VDP Erste Lage?

A

Max yield is 60hl/ha.

58
Q

What is the Rheingau Charta?

A

The Rheingau Charta promotes the best dry wines from the Rheingau.

59
Q

What is the significance of the 2021 classification update?

A

It introduced a hierarchy of Qualitätswein based on the size of the unit of origin.

60
Q

What are the five most productive wine regions in Germany?

A
  • Rheinhessen
  • Pfalz
  • Baden
  • Württemberg
  • Mosel
61
Q

What percentage of German vineyards does Rheinhessen contain?

A

Rheinhessen contains just under a quarter of German vineyards.

62
Q

What grape variety leads in Rheinhessen?

A

Riesling leads in white grape plantings.

63
Q

What mountain ranges shelter the wine region mentioned?

A

Hunsruck and Taunus

64
Q

What percentage of plantings in the region are white grapes?

65
Q

Which grape variety leads the white grape plantings?

66
Q

What is the most planted black grape variety?

A

Dornfelder

67
Q

True or False: Bulk production is key in the region.

68
Q

What is the significance of Rheinterasse?

A

Location for quality production benefiting from eastern sunshine

69
Q

What type of soil is found in Roter Hang?

A

Rotliegenden, an iron-rich soil of clay, slate and sandstone

70
Q

Which area is gaining a reputation for Riesling and Spatburgunder?

A

Wonnegau in the south Rheinhessen

71
Q

What climate effect does the Haardt Mountains have on Pfalz?

A

Rainshadow effect

72
Q

What is the most planted variety in Pfalz?

73
Q

Fill in the blank: Baden has been split into multiple _______.

74
Q

Which variety is known for producing some of the best wines in Baden?

A

Spatburgunder

75
Q

What percentage of plantings in Baden are white grapes?

76
Q

Which cooperative is one of the largest in Baden?

A

Badischer Winzerkeller

77
Q

What grape varieties dominate wine production in Wurttemberg?

A

Lemberger
* Trollinger*
* Schwarzriesling*

78
Q

What is the main grape variety in Mosel?

79
Q

What soil types are common in the Mosel region?

A

Slate
* Grey*
* Blue*
* Brown*
* Red*

80
Q

What is the significance of Eiswein in Mosel?

A

Produced in reliably cold winters

81
Q

Fill in the blank: Franken has the most _______ climate of Germany’s principal wine regions.

A

Continental

82
Q

What is the second most planted grape variety in Franken?

83
Q

What percentage of plantings in Nahe are white grapes?

84
Q

What is the most planted red variety in Nahe?

A

Dornfelder

85
Q

Which region is known for producing some of Germany’s best and most age-worthy Rieslings?

86
Q

What percentage of plantings in Rheingau are Riesling?

87
Q

What is the historical significance of the name ‘Schloss’ in Rheingau?

A

Denotes a castle or manor

88
Q

What is the oldest co-operative in the world located in Ahr?

A

Mayschoss co-operative

89
Q

What percentage of German businesses involved in the wine trade own vineyards of 3ha or less?

90
Q

True or False: The number of wine businesses in Germany has increased since 2010.

91
Q

What was Germany’s wine consumption in 2018?

A

Approximately 20 million hl

92
Q

What percentage of German wine production was exported in the mid-2010s?

A

Around 10%

93
Q

What are the top destinations for German wine exports?

A

USA
Netherlands
UK
Norway
Sweden

94
Q

What was the average annual wine export from Germany in the decade of the 2000s?

A

2 million hectoliters (hl) per year

This represented about 20-25% of Germany’s total wine production during that time.

95
Q

What was the price range for German wine exports from the 2000s to the mid-2010s?

A

Moved from below 200 euros to over 300 euros per hectoliter

This indicates a significant increase in value over the decade.

96
Q

What was the annual wine export from Germany by the mid-2010s?

A

Around 1 million hectoliters (hl) per year

This was closer to 10% of Germany’s total wine production.

97
Q

What contributed to the decline in bulk wine shipping from Germany?

A

An increase in bottled exports as part of Wines of Germany’s strategy

This reflects a shift in market focus and consumer preferences.

98
Q

List the top destinations for German wine exports.

A
  • USA
  • Netherlands
  • UK
  • Norway
  • Sweden

These countries represent the primary markets for German wines.

99
Q

Which countries are particularly important for sales value per unit of German wines?

A

USA and Norway

These countries tend to have higher price points for German wines compared to others.

100
Q

Why are the prices of wines for the UK and the Netherlands considerably lower?

A

Due to the presence of inexpensive wines like Liebfraumilch

This indicates a competitive market that affects pricing.

101
Q

What is the role of the promotional body Wines of Germany?

A

To promote the quality and sales of German wines in domestic and import markets

Their efforts include various marketing campaigns and initiatives.

102
Q

What notable campaign does Wines of Germany run?

A

Riesling Weeks campaign in 13 different countries

This campaign aims to highlight and promote Riesling wines specifically.

d3 Cards from Notes (10 decks)

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