Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 111 > Language through Emotion > Flashcards

Language through Emotion Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Metacognition

A

thinking about thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stroop effect

A

ex: hard to say “red” if the word is written in blue ink

shows that many of the steps of reading become automatic –dont need to worry about the mechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nonanalog representation

A

don’t have things in common with what they represent

ex: the sound “cow” doesnt have anything to do with an actual cow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nonanalog representation

A

don’t have things in common with what they represent

ex: the sound “cow” doesnt have anything to do with an actual cow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nonanalog representation

A

don’t have things in common with what they represent

ex: the sound “cow” doesnt have anything to do with an actual cow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

symbolic representation

A

also known as nonanalog representation

representation has nothing in common with what it represents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Indeterminacy of translation

A

inability to ever fully translate the meaning of a word from one language to another

demostrated by the gavagai (quine) problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gavagi (quine) problem

A

hunting with natives and they point to a rabbit and yell “gavagi” how do you know the semantic (actual meaning) of the word?

the word could mean many different things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Representation

A

transformation process from physical energy to sensation to perception to high level information which leads to “meanings”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Language

A

the expression and communication of thoughts and feelings by means of vocal sounds or any other symbolic coding system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Can other species obtain language?

A

evidence suggests that only humans can attain language

animals can learn words and rudimentary preposition thought, but cannot create syntactic structures like humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does language differ from communication?

A

it is arbitrary
flexible (infinite ways to piece together words)
creativity (novel meanings)
interpersonal (construct language together)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In development what comes first babies understanding language or communicating it?

A

Babies understand language first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the building blocks of language?

A

Language consists of a hierarchy of units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List the building blocks on language in order

A 
Units of sound
Morphemes
Words
Phrase
Sentence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phonenmes

A

smallest significant unit of sound in a language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many phonenmes does English have?

A

40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Morphemes

A

smallest significant unit of meaning in a language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Content morphemes

A

a morpheme that carries the main semantic and referential content of a sentence

ex: nouns, verbs, adjectives, “talk” or “bat”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Functional morphemes

A

a morpheme that while adding content such as time, mode, etc. also has a grammatical purpose

ex: “-ed” or “-s” or “and”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rules of syntax

A

the regular principles governing how words can be arranged into sentences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Universal learner

A

after 6-8 months babies lose the ability to discriminate between phonemes in other languages besides your own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Definitional theory of word meaning

A

the theory that mental representations of words consist of a necessary and sufficient set of semantic features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

semantic feature

A

a basic semantic category or concept that cannot be decomposed into smaller or more specific categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

prototype theory of word meaning

A

a theory in which concepts or word meanings are formed around average or typical values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Symbolic capacity

A

an important step in development where a person can use or respond to a system of significant symbols

the reality of an organization is socially constructed through communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

perceptual narrowing

A

we narrow down to only detect details that are important

ex: universal learner dissappears around 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do infants rapidly learn in language?

A

the boundaries between morphemes and words

babies are sensitive to the frequencies that follow certain sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What order do children learn language?

A

learn basic word like “dog” before subordinates like “boxer” or superordinates like “animal”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What helps children learn language?

A

other people and an understanding of syntax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Overregulation errors and what they show

A

language rules are applied too generally, rather than learning the idiosyncracies

shows that we learn language through rules not just straight intimation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Sign language

A

has morphenmes and grammatical rules similar to a spoken language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Whorfian hypothesis

A

language determines how one thinks

can be used to draw our attention to certain concepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Abnormal language development examples

A

Blind children - learn language just as rapidly

Bilingual children - pick up both languages during the sensitivity period

No exposure to language - if goes past the sensitivity period, it is hard to learn a language

35
Q

How can we test infant speech comprehension?

A

head-turn response to sound

will the infant turn their head in anticipation to the sound?

36
Q

general intelligence (g)

A

a mental attribute that is hypothesized as contributing to the performance of virtually any intellectual task

37
Q

Hierarchy of intelligence

A

places g-factor at the top of the hierarchy

at the next level, g is split into verbal, numerical, and spatial ability

38
Q

g-factor

A

the overlap between intelligent abilities

overlap between verbal, numerical, and spatial ability

*according to Spearman

39
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

the ability to deal with new and unusual problems

40
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

accumulated knowledge and skills

41
Q

IQ

A

IQ scales performance to compare an individual to a bell shaped distribution

42
Q

Flynn Effect

A

a worldwide increase in IQ scores over the last several decades

43
Q

Does aging have a bigger affect on fluid or crystallized g?

A

Fluid g

decreased ability to respond to new situations

44
Q

Nature versus nurture and intelligence?

A

Genetics do play an important role in intelligence

See much higher levels of correlation in intelligence between biological parents and children than adopted children

45
Q

Analytical intelligence

A

the ability typically measured by intelligence tests and crucial for academic success

46
Q

Practical intelligence

A

the ability to solve everyday problems through skilled reasoning that relies on tacit knowledge

47
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

the ability to understand your own and other’s emotions and to control your emotions appropriately

48
Q

Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences

A

Gardner theorized that there are 6 forms of intelligence

49
Q

Savant syndrome

A

supports Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences since some people are severely disabled in some intelligences, but might have exceptional musical talent

50
Q

Psychometric approach to intelligence

A

seeks to understand intelligence by scrutinizing patterns among test scores

examining how different aspects of the test are correlated and suggest subcategories of intelligence

51
Q

Building blocks of intelligence

A

mental speed and working memory capacity

52
Q

Stereotype threat

A

people conform to stereotypes about their social group

ex: women may perform poorly on a math test because of stereotypes that women are bad at math

53
Q

Motivation

A

motivation deals with what drives behavior

54
Q

Human sexual response cycle

A

1) excitement 2) plateau 3) orgasm 4) resolution

55
Q

Sexual behavior

A

is shaped by a mix of biological and cultural factors

56
Q

Differences in sexual behavior between men and women

A

Men tend to place more emphasis on physical attractiveness while women place more emphasis on social/financial status

57
Q

Drives

A

motivate us to reduce unpleasant tension states

but there are other types of motives beyond drives!

58
Q

Two common motivations beyond drives

A

1) motive to belong

2) motive to achieve

59
Q

Thermoregulation

A

homeostatic control determines some behaviors

60
Q

What is something that homeostatis heavily controls?

A

Eating habits

mechanisms maintain a set point

61
Q

Leptin

A

hormone that causes an organism to stop eating

62
Q

Response to threat

A

heavily control by biological mechanisms

autonomic nervous system’s sympathetic branch increases heart rate and respiration

kicks in fight or flight system

63
Q

Human aggression

A

aggression is triggered by complex beliefs and symbol systems

humans very highly in level of aggression due to personality, cultural setting, and evolutionary determinants

64
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

people strive for higher order needs only when lower level needs are satisfied

highest need: living to full potential

lowest need: physiological (shelter, food, sleep)

65
Q

Why are there so many signals to control for one thing like “eating’?

A

Create a backup system in case one system fails

66
Q

Difference between emotions and feelings/affects

A

Emotions are what we express to the outside world

67
Q

Feelings

A

states that are perceived

68
Q

Affects

A

general mood (ex: depression and love lingers)

69
Q

6 basic human emotions that are universally expressed

A

Joy, surprise, disgust, sadness, fear, and anger

70
Q

Emotional development

A

switch from primary to secondary emotions at around 14 months

71
Q

Secondary emotions

A

pride, hubris, self-consciousness are examples

72
Q

Regulate our emotions

A

1) Cognitive reappraisal

2) Suppression

73
Q

Cognitive reappraisal

A

top-down emotional regulation

we rationalize about a situation and calm ourselves down

74
Q

How does culture influence our emotions?

A

it changes our display rules

75
Q

Display rules

A

cultural groups norms about how to properly display emotions

76
Q

Different theories for the underlying mechanisms of emotions

A

1) James-Lange
2) Cannon-Bard
3) Schacter-Signer

77
Q

James Lange Theory of emotion

A

Emotions arise from our bodily reactions

ex: if a bear attacks us, first we have a physiological response and then we produce an emotion

(arousal and then emotion)

78
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory of emotion

A

Both emotions and bodily reaction are caused by brain activity triggered by a stimulus

79
Q

Schacter Signer

A

emotion arises from the way we interpret our bodily reactions (arousal then interpretation then emotion)

80
Q

Emotions and attention

A

emotions can change our attention

joy can broaden our attention

negative emotions makes us focus in on things

81
Q

Emotions and memory

A

Strong emotions promote memory

ex: flashbulb memory

82
Q

Affective neuroscience

A

a field that uses cognitive neuroscience research methods to study emotion and related processes

83
Q

Garden path

A

ambiguity in sentence construction that leads a reader towards a meaning that seems familiar at first, but in reality is conveying something different

Psych 111 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions