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HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY > Flashcards

LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

Body is upright with feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward

A

Standard Position

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2
Q

Directional Terms (10)

A

-Superior (cranial)
-Inferior (caudal)
-Anterior (ventral)
-Posterior (dorsal)
-Medial
-Lateral
-Intermediate
-Proximal
-Distal
-Superficial (external)
-Deep (internal)

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3
Q

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; ABOVE

A

Superior (Cranial)

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4
Q

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; BELOW

A

Inferior (caudal)

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5
Q

Toward or at the front; IN FRONT OF

A

Anterior (ventral)

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6
Q

Toward or at the back of the body; BEHIND

A

Posterior (dorsal)

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7
Q

Toward or at the midline of the body; ON THE INNER SIDE OF

A

Medial

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8
Q

Away from the midline of the body; ON THE OUTER SIDE

A

Lateral

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9
Q

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

A

Intermediate

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10
Q

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

A

Proximal

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11
Q

Father from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

A

Distal

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12
Q

Toward or at the body surface

A

Superficial (external)

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13
Q

Away from the body surface; more internal

A

Deep (internal)

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14
Q

3 main body planes

A

Median (midsagittal)
Frontal (coronal) plane
Transverse plane

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15
Q

Spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs. Bones, muscles, ligaments, and other structures separate the various body cavities from one another

A

Body Cavity

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16
Q

The two largest human body cavities are

A

Ventral Cavity
Dorsal Cavity

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17
Q

Four abdominopelvic quadrants

A

RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT (RUQ)
LEFT UPPER QUADRANT (LUQ)
RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT (RLQ)
LEFT LOWER QUADRANT (LLQ)

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18
Q

Nine abdominopelvic regions

A

-RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION
-EPIGASTRIC REGION
-LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION
-RIGHT LUMBAR REGION
-UMBILICAL REGION
-LEFT LUMBAR REGION
-RIGHT INGUINAL (ILIAC) REGION
-HYPOGASTRIC (PUBIC) REGION
-LEFT INGUINAL (ILIAC) REGION

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19
Q

Refers to the study of the causes of a mental or physical disease

A

Etiology

20
Q

Considered as necessary conditions for the development of a disease

A

Etiological Factors

21
Q

Enumerate the six etiological factor

A

a.) genetic abnormalities, either inherited or acquired
b.) infection by microorganisms, e.g. bacteria, viruses, or parasites, e.g. worms
c.) chemicals
d.) ionizing radiation
e.) physical trauma
f.) degeneration, e.g. excessive use or aging

22
Q

The development of a disease and the chain of events leading to that disease

A

Pathogenesis

23
Q

Progress of disease showing its morphological features or that leads to the diseased state

A

Pathogenesis

24
Q

This is a tissue response to any kind of tissue damage such as trauma or infection

A

Inflammation

25
Q

Inflammatory conditions are recognized by the suffix

A

-itis, e.g. appendicitis.

26
Q

These arise when abnormal cells escape body surveillance and proliferate. The rate of their production exceeds that of normal cell death causing a mass to develop

A

Tumors

27
Q

Tumors are recognized by the suffix

A

-oma, e.g. carcinoma

28
Q

These are responses of the normally protective immune system that cause undesirable effects

A

Abnormal Immune Mechanism

29
Q

These are the effects and consequences of abnormal changes in the blood and/or blood vessel walls

A

Thrombosis, Embolism, and Infraction

30
Q

Occurs when blood clots block veins or arteries

A

Thrombosis

31
Q

A blocked artery caused by a foreign body, such as a blood clot or an air bubble

A

Embolism

32
Q

Death of tissue resulting from a failure of blood supply, commonly due to obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or narrowing of the blood-vessel channel

A

Infraction

33
Q

Difference between thrombosis and embolism

A

Thrombosis occurs when a thrombus, or blood clot, develops in a blood vessel and reduces the flow of blood through the vessel. Embolism occurs when a piece of a blood clot, foreign object, or other bodily substance becomes stuck in a blood vessel and largely obstructs the flow of blood

34
Q

This is often associated with normal aging but may also arise prematurely when structures deteriorate causing impaired function

A

Degeneration

35
Q

These cause undesirable metabolic effects, e.g. diabetes mellitus

A

Metabolic Abnormalities

36
Q

Refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose)

A

Diabetes Mellitus

37
Q

These may be either inherited (e.g. phenylketonuria) or caused by environmental factors such as exposure to ionizing radiation

A

Genetic Abnormalities

38
Q

also called PKU, is a rare inherited disorder that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body

A

Phenylketonuria

39
Q

A disease with sudden onset often requiring urgent treatment

A

Acute

40
Q

A disorder which develops any time after birth

A

Acquired

41
Q

A long-standing disorder which cannot usually be cured

A

Chronic

42
Q

A disease that can be transmitted (spread) from one individual to another

A

Communicable Disease

43
Q

A disorder which one is born with

A

Congenital

44
Q

A condition that results from healthcare intervention

A

Iatrogenic

45
Q

An abnormality seen or measured by people other than the patient

A

Sign

46
Q

An abnormality described by the patient

A

Symptom

47
Q

A collection of signs and symptoms which tend to occur together

A

Syndrome

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (5 decks)

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