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HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > HUMAN BODY > Flashcards

HUMAN BODY Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

LARGE body structures

A

Gross Anatomy

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3
Q

The study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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4
Q

The study of how the body and its parts work or function

A

Physiology

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5
Q

Tiny building blocks of matter

A

Atom

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6
Q

The smallest unit of all living things

A

Cells

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7
Q

Consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function

A

Tissues

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8
Q

A structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body

A

Organ

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9
Q

A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

A

Organ System

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10
Q

Which represents the highest level of structural organization

A

Organism

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11
Q

-external covering of the body, or the skin.
- waterproofs the body and cushions
- produces vitamin D.
- excretes salts in perspiration
- sensory receptors

A

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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12
Q
A

SKELETAL SYSTEM

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13
Q
  • to contract, or shorten.
  • mobility of the body.
  • these contract, you are able to stand erect, walk, jump, grasp, throw a ball, or smile
A

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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14
Q
  • is the body’s fast-acting control system.
  • brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
  • The body must be able to respond to stimuli coming from outside the body
A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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15
Q
  • controls body activities, but it acts much more slowly.
  • produce chemical molecules called hormones and release them into the blood to travel to relatively distant target organs.
A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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16
Q
  • heart and blood vessel
  • delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to, and picks up wastes such as carbon dioxide from cells near sites of exchange.
  • heart propels blood out of its chambers into blood vessels to be transported to all body tissues
A

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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17
Q

-The lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs help to cleanse the blood and house white blood cells involved in immunity.
- Its organs include lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs such as the spleen and tonsils

A

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

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18
Q
  • keep the body supplied with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide.
  • consists of the nasal passages,pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
  • gases are exchanged with the blood through the thin walls of these air sacs.
A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

19
Q
  • tube running through the body from mouth to anus.
  • their role is to break down food and deliver the resulting nutrients to the blood for dispersal to body cells
A

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

20
Q
  • removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine.
  • include maintaining the body’s water and salt balance and normal blood pressure
A

URINARY SYSTEM

21
Q
  • is to produce offspring.
  • testes produce sperm and male sex hormone.
  • ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones.
  • remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus.
  • mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn
A

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

22
Q

Includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another

A

Movement

23
Q

The ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them

A

Responsiveness / Irritability

24
Q

The process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood

A

Digestion

25
Q

refers to all chemical reactions that occur within the body and all of its cells

A

Metabolism

26
Q

The process of removing excreta or wastes, from the body

A

Excretion

27
Q

The production of offspring, can occur on the cellular or organismal level

A

Reproduction

28
Q

Can be an increase in cell size or an increase in body size

A

Growth

29
Q

Enumerate survival needs

A

carbohydrates, fats, and oxygen

30
Q

Enumerate three main nutrients

A

mineral and vitamins, proteins, water

31
Q

Describes the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions

A

Homeostasis

32
Q

Components of Homeostatic Control System

A

Receptor
Control Center
Effector

33
Q

It indicates a dynamic state of equilibrium, or a balance in which internal conditions change and vary but always within relatively narrow limits

A

Homeostasis

34
Q

7 NECESSARY LIFE FUNCTIONS

A

Movement
Responsiveness/ Irritability
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth

35
Q

Provides the means for the control center’s response to the stimulus

A

Effector

36
Q

It receives and then determines the appropriate response or course of action

A

Control Center

37
Q

A type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment

A

Receptor

38
Q

Two types of feedback mechanism

A

Positive Feedback Mechanism
Negative Feedback Mechanism

39
Q

Increases the original disturbance (stimulus) and to push the variable farther from its original value

A

Positive Feedback Mechanism

40
Q

Net effect of the response to the stimulus is to either shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity

A

Negative Feedback Mechanism

40
Q

Net effect of the response to the stimulus is to either shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity

A

Negative Feedback Mechanism

41
Q

the main sex hormone in men

A

Testosterone

42
Q

the major female hormone

A

Estrogen

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (5 decks)

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