HUMAN BODY Flashcards
The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another
Anatomy
LARGE body structures
Gross Anatomy
The study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye
Microscopic Anatomy
The study of how the body and its parts work or function
Physiology
Tiny building blocks of matter
Atom
The smallest unit of all living things
Cells
Consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function
Tissues
A structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body
Organ
A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose
Organ System
Which represents the highest level of structural organization
Organism
-external covering of the body, or the skin.
- waterproofs the body and cushions
- produces vitamin D.
- excretes salts in perspiration
- sensory receptors
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
SKELETAL SYSTEM
- to contract, or shorten.
- mobility of the body.
- these contract, you are able to stand erect, walk, jump, grasp, throw a ball, or smile
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
- is the body’s fast-acting control system.
- brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
- The body must be able to respond to stimuli coming from outside the body
NERVOUS SYSTEM
- controls body activities, but it acts much more slowly.
- produce chemical molecules called hormones and release them into the blood to travel to relatively distant target organs.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
- heart and blood vessel
- delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to, and picks up wastes such as carbon dioxide from cells near sites of exchange.
- heart propels blood out of its chambers into blood vessels to be transported to all body tissues
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
-The lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs help to cleanse the blood and house white blood cells involved in immunity.
- Its organs include lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs such as the spleen and tonsils
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
- keep the body supplied with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide.
- consists of the nasal passages,pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
- gases are exchanged with the blood through the thin walls of these air sacs.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- tube running through the body from mouth to anus.
- their role is to break down food and deliver the resulting nutrients to the blood for dispersal to body cells
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
- removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine.
- include maintaining the body’s water and salt balance and normal blood pressure
URINARY SYSTEM
- is to produce offspring.
- testes produce sperm and male sex hormone.
- ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones.
- remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus.
- mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another
Movement
The ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them
Responsiveness / Irritability
The process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood
Digestion
