ANATOMICAL POSITION AND DIRECTION Flashcards
A vertical plane that runs through the body from front to back or back to front, dividing the body into right and left regions
Sagittal plane
Movements that occur in the sagittal plane
Flexion- Extension
bending movement that decreases the angle between 2 parts; the bending of a joint brings closer to the parts that it connects
Flexion
a straightening movement that increases the angle between the articulated body parts
Extension
The two imaginary planes on a person in an anatomical position
Vertical and Horizontal Planes
The three main planes in human body
Sagittal Plane
Frontal/Coronal Plane
Transverse Plane
it refers to structures towards the upper part of the body; above, over
Superior
It refers to structures towards the lower part of the body; below, under
Inferior
In front of, front
Anterior
After behind, towards the rear
Posterior
describe movement of the limb around their axis
Medial or lnternal Rotation
a rotational movement towards the midline; with a straight leg, rotate it to point the toes inward
Medial Rotation
What is the standard anatomical position
- Human body is upright
- Erect on two legs, feet together or slightly separated
- Facing forward. Eyes directed forward
- Arms at the sides of the body, rotated so that the palms of the hand faces forward
- Thumbs point away from the body
describe the movements towards or away from the midline of the body
Abduction - Adduction
movement away from the midline
Abduction
movement towards the midline
Adduction
The main use of anatomical planes is to
describe section
runs lengthwise to the long axis of the body or part of it
Longitudinal Section
Standard Longitudinal sections are
- Median Section
- Sagittal Section
- Frontal Section
slice or cut the body or its part at right angles to the longitudinal axis
Transverse Sections
standard common point of reference that allows all of us to discuss the parts of the body within the same frame reference and experience
Anatomical Position
A vertical plane that runs through the center of the body from side to side. It divides the body from side to side. It divides the body into front and back regions
Frontal / Coronal Plane
they are used to describe the location of structures in relation to other structures
Anatomical terms describing location/ relation/ directions
The other use of anatomical terms is to provide
a common method of communication that helps to avoid confusion when identifying/ describing structures
It often has a counterpart with converse or opposite meaning
Directional Terms
It runs through the midsection of the body. This planes divides the body into upper and lower regions
Transverse Plane / Horizontal Plane
nearer the surface of the body/skin
Superficial
away from the surface of the body/skin
Deep
a conical movement of a limb from the joint at which the movement is controlled
Circumduction
Can also be describes as a circular motion, but it more accurately conical due to the “cone” formed by the moving limb
Circumduction
Hypo means
below, under
Chondriac
A cartilage of ribs
What can we see in the right and left lumbar region
lumbar vertebrae
what we can see in the right and left iliac region
“iliac crest” on hip bone
Epi means
over, above
Gastric means
stomach, belly
what is the medical name of navel
Umbilicus
describes the anterolateral movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall that allows the shoulder to move anteriorly; reaching out to something
Protraction
refers to the posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall, which causes the shoulder region to move posteriorly; picking somethingup
Retraction
palmar surface directed forward, what its position
Supination of the hand
palmar surface faces backward , what its position
Pronation of the hand
a pair of movement peculiar to human and some great apes
Opposition - Reposition (of thumb/little finger)
movement of thumb to approach the tip other finger
Opposition
movement that moves the thumb and little finger / other finger away from each other, effectively reversing opposition
Reposition
describes movements of the ankle. They refer to the surfaces of the foot
Dorsiflexion - Plantarflexion
the superior surface and the plantar surface ( the sole)
Dorsum
refers to flexion of the ankles so that the foot points more superiorly or towards the leg
Dorsiflexion
refers to extension of the ankle so that foot points
Plantarflexion
the palmar surface the hand faces backward with the arm hangs by the side of the body
Pronation
when lying flat on the back
Supine
When lying flat on the front
Prone
forward movement of the jaw
Protraction
backward movement of the mandible
Retraction
movements of the foot that occur at the ankle joint and refer to the rotation of the foot around its long axis
Inversion - Eversion
involves the movement of the sole towards the median plane, the sole faces in medial direction
Inversion
involves the movement of sole away from the median plane, the sole faces in a lateral direction
Eversion
corresponds to a line drawn joining the lower most bony point of the rib cage, usually 10th costal cartilage. body of the L3 vertebra; the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery and 3rd part of the duodenum lie on this plane
Subcostal Plane
An Addison’s clinical plane passing horizontally through the iliac tubercles and usually cutting the fifth lumbar vertebra
Intertubercular Plane
