Language MAP Flashcards
Human vs Animal Communication
Humans can plan ahead and discuss future events / animals focus on the present
Animal communication is a closed system, gestures sounds and movements refer to specific events / human language is an open system, words can be combined together in an infinite number of ways
Human language can be expressed using a whole range of different channels such as spoken, written or sign language / animal communications tends to use single channels such a pheromones
Evaluate piaget’s theory
One strength is that early language is not random.
When children start talking they use two-word phrased like ‘mummy sock’ which shows they can see how objects relate to eachother. This suggests that children only start to use language when they have some understanding of it.
One weakness is the Sapir-whorf hypothesis challenges piaget. Evidence suggests that language does come before thought because berinmo people didn’t have certain colour words and couldn’t distinguish between colors. This suggests that Piaget may have been wrong.
Another weakness is that schema cannot be scientifically measured. It’s very difficult to know if schema exist as we cannot directly measure them. This shows that piaget’s theory of language and thought is not based on solid scientific evidence.
verbal communication
Any communication involving spoken or written words
Non verbal communication
Conveying information without the use of verbal communication - facial expressions, gestures, eye contact
Point of eye contact
When people look at each other’s eyes at the same time - regulates the flow of conversation (look away when about to talk, make eye contact when they are about to finish) - signalling attraction (people who use eye contact are seen as more attractive) - expressing emotions
Von Frisch method
He put a food source close to the hive (within 10-20) as well as one further away (up to 300 metres) over 20 years. Bees were marked with tiny coloured dots so he could track them. He recorded how the bees moved when they returned to the hive. he made more than 6000 observations
Innate
Present from birth / born with it
Sapir whorf evaluation
Having more words for something doesn’t mean the words came first
The Inuit language may have more words for snow because there is always lots of snow
This suggests that language develops because of the way we perceive our environment which supports Piaget’s view that thinking influences language.
Social releases
Smiling/ non verbal behaviours which make others want to look after babies
Personal space
English peoples personal space is 1-1.5 metres while Arabs is much less. Englishmen who stand closer and give more eye contact were liked more by Arabs
Men prefer a larger social distance when interacting with men than women talking to other women.
Women felt more uncomfortable when a confederate invaded their personal space from the side whereas with men it was from the front.
People with a similar status maintain a closer personal space than those with unequal status.
Yuki 1st and 2nd paragraph
The aim of Yuki’s study of emoticons was to investigate how different cultures perceive emotions. The study used an independent groups design. 95 students from Japan and 118 students from America were asked to look at emoticons with different combinations of eyes and mouth, happy, neutral, and sad. The student were then asked to rate the emojis in a scale of one to nine based on how happy they look.
The results of Yuki’s study show that Japanese people rate the emoticons with happy eyes higher, even when the mouths were sad and Americans rate emoticons with happy mouths higher even when the eyes were sad. This suggests that different cultures interpret facial expressions differently, possibly because of cultural norms and expectations. Japanese people may have seen the emoticons with happy eyes as happier than others because in their culture, they do not express emotions as outwardly as other cultures. Therefore they might see the eyes as a more honest way of showing emotion since they are harder to control than the mouth
Yuki 1st and 2nd
The aim of Yuki’s study of emoticons was to investigate how different cultures perceive emotions. The study used an independent groups design. 95 students from Japan and 118 students from America were asked to look at emoticons with different combinations of eyes and mouth, happy, neutral, and sad. The student were then asked to rate the emojis in a scale of one to nine based on how happy they look.
The results of Yuki’s study show that Japanese people rate the emoticons with happy eyes higher, even when the mouths were sad and Americans rate emoticons with happy mouths higher even when the eyes were sad. This suggests that different cultures interpret facial expressions differently, possibly because of cultural norms and expectations. Japanese people may have seen the emoticons with happy eyes as happier than others because in their culture, they do not express emotions as outwardly as other cultures. Therefore they might see the eyes as a more honest way of showing emotion since they are harder to control than the mouth
