Language exam Flashcards
Many animals communicate using _____________ and _______________.
Sounds and actions
What is the relationship between language usage and knowledge?
Language is way we acquire knowledge and dispense it to others
How is speech produced and comprehended?
We are able to produce language very quickly with no planning
Is ‘language’ uniquely human?
No. Lots of other animals can use tools and language.
______________________ refer to objects, events, ideas, and feelings
Symbols
__________________ govern how the symbols are combined to produce meaningful communication
Rules
_________________ is speech sounds
Phonology
_____________________ is the meaning of words
Semantics
_____________________ is grammatical rules
Syntax
________________________ are social rules of language (e.g. etiquette, rules of interacting)
Pragmatics
There are different phonemes in different languages. True or false?
True
Is human language different from what other animals do?
Humans have more grammatical structure and rules than animals do.
Grammar allows people to talk in ______________________.
Sophisticated ways
All languages use _______________________ to refer to objects, events, and feelings.
Symbols
Do humans realize that they’re following language rules?
No
________________ is a basic unit of sound
Phonemes
English language uses ___ to ___ phonemes per word
40 to 45
Hawaiian language only has ___ phonemes
15
___________________ is an act accomplished in speaking and defined within a system of social conventions. (e.g. if John says to Mary Pass me the glasses, please, he performs the illocutionary act of requesting or ordering Mary to hand the glasses over to him)
Illocutionary intent
Noam Chomsky believes that ______________.
Children have a head start for learning language at a young age.
Noam Chomsky argues that __________________________.
Language doesn’t follow the same principals as other areas of cognition
____________________ is the way word are combined within a language
Surface Structure (syntax)
__________________________ is the underlying meaning of the combined words
Deep Structure (semantics)
_________________________ is the idea that the human language faculty might be a computationally perfect solution to the problem of relating sound to meaning
Minimalism
_____________________ involves
-slow, effortful speech
-little use of grammar
-largely spared comprehension abilities
Broca’s Aphasia
_________________________ involves
-fluent speech production, clear articulation, no hesitation
-invented words, nonsensical
-severe comprehension difficulties
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Language development may be a result of _________________________.
Cultural evolution
____________________________ is creation and adoption of a standard term to refer to an object
Lexical Entrainment
_______________________________ involves identifying words and components of words, determining relationships among words, understanding meanings and grammar, reading
Left Hemisphere Activation
____________________________________ involves abstract language tasks (metaphors, humour, emotional components of language, etc.)
Right Hemisphere Activation
__________________ language has no consitency or gramatical structure
Pidgin
________________ language is very sophisticated and is created by the children of parents who use the pidgin language
Creole
_________________ can create a new language effortlessly
Young children
People with aphasia are good at picking up when people are ____________.
Lying
