Chapter 6 Flashcards
A __________ is a mentally represented grouping of entities that share some kind of psychological similarity
Category
A ___________ is psychological grouping-together of things on a more or less functional commonality (e.g. living things)
Concept
_____________ is organized knowledge about the world
Semantic Memory
The ________________ is the idea that concepts are stored in memory according to a list of necessary features or characteristics
The Feature Comparison Model
_________________ are attributes that are descriptive of the item but not essential
Characteristic Features
_________________ are attributes that are necessary to the meaning of the item
Defining Features
The __________________ is the decisions are faster when an item is a typical member of the category than when it is not
The Typicality Effect
______________ tend to be listed as examples of categories
Prototypes
________________ is the view that certain categories have an underlying reality or true nature that one cannot observe directly but that gives an object its identity
Essentialism
A ________________ is generalized knowledge about a situation or an event
Schema
Human beings _____________ things
Categorize
Humans naturally ______________ things
Group
_____________ are discreet sets (e.g. colour)
Perceptual stimuli
How are concepts different than categories ?
Concepts are associated with words or short phrase whereas categories are arbitrary like “things in my backpack”.
Why do we conceptualize/categorize?
Concepts and categories have evolved to allow for adaptive behaviour.
