Chapter 6 Flashcards
A __________ is a mentally represented grouping of entities that share some kind of psychological similarity
Category
A ___________ is psychological grouping-together of things on a more or less functional commonality (e.g. living things)
Concept
_____________ is organized knowledge about the world
Semantic Memory
The ________________ is the idea that concepts are stored in memory according to a list of necessary features or characteristics
The Feature Comparison Model
_________________ are attributes that are descriptive of the item but not essential
Characteristic Features
_________________ are attributes that are necessary to the meaning of the item
Defining Features
The __________________ is the decisions are faster when an item is a typical member of the category than when it is not
The Typicality Effect
______________ tend to be listed as examples of categories
Prototypes
________________ is the view that certain categories have an underlying reality or true nature that one cannot observe directly but that gives an object its identity
Essentialism
A ________________ is generalized knowledge about a situation or an event
Schema
Human beings _____________ things
Categorize
Humans naturally ______________ things
Group
_____________ are discreet sets (e.g. colour)
Perceptual stimuli
How are concepts different than categories ?
Concepts are associated with words or short phrase whereas categories are arbitrary like “things in my backpack”.
Why do we conceptualize/categorize?
Concepts and categories have evolved to allow for adaptive behaviour.
What is the main key of conceptualizing and categorizing?
It allows for inferences and predictions
Our concepts tend to reflect things that are ____________ (e.g. things that are edible)
Evolutionally relevant
Sometimes our knowledge can distort our understanding of things. True or false?
True
What are some examples of semantic memory?
A robin is a bird, a square has 4 sides, rain makes you wet.
____________ is the idea that occurs when an individual’s exposure to a certain stimulus influences their response to a subsequent prompt, without any awareness of the connection (e.g. say sport and then say baseball)
Priming
________________ is a cognitive processing that is activated through networks by linking neuron-like units.
Network models
