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Fall '12- Lang Dev exam #1 > Language Development exam #1 (study guide) > Flashcards

Language Development exam #1 (study guide) Flashcards

0
Q

Who was the founding father of the behaviorist theory?

A

B. F. Skinner

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1
Q

Joint reference

A

Caregiver’s utterances and shared attention sure focused on an object

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2
Q

What are Mands?

A

Requests

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3
Q

Founding father of the social integrationist theory?

A

Vygotsky

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4
Q

Who is the founding father of the cognitive theory?

A

Jean Piaget

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5
Q

What is the weak cognitive hypothesis?

A

Cognition can account for some of the child’s language abilities, but not all of the

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6
Q

Who is the founding father of the nativist theory?

A

Noam Chomsky ( Dr Roseberry doesn’t like this one)

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7
Q

Principles espoused in the nativist theory?

A
  • all children are born with LAD

- language competence is innate and the child learns language independent of the environment

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8
Q

According to Chompsky, what is language performance?

A

The actual production of language…what we see

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9
Q

According to Chompsky what is deep structure?

A

Holds the rules of sentence formation

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10
Q

What is Derivational morphemes?

A

Serve primarily to change the grammatical class of the free morpheme to which they are attached

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11
Q

What are inflectional morphemes?

A

Alter the meaning of the free morpheme to which they are attached without deriving a new grammatical category

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12
Q

What is a declarative sentence?

A

Makes an affirmative statement

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13
Q

What are Imperative sentences

A

Omits the subject of the sentence, sounds commanding

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14
Q

What is an interrogative sentence?

A

Forms a question

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15
Q

Passive sentence

A

The subject of the sentence is being acted upon

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16
Q

I terms of the practice of talking to babies, how can caregivers socioeconomic or cultural background influence this?

A
  • mothers of socioeconomic status are less likely to talk to their babies, they also give ,ore commands
  • in other cultures mothers are silent with their babies, they focus on physical needs. The baby has more interaction with siblings
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17
Q

Pragmatics

A

The practical use if language in social interactions

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18
Q

Semantics

A

The study if meaning in language

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19
Q

What type of skills do children need to develop in semantics and pragmatics.

A
  • Turn taking

- children need vocabulary skills

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20
Q

Longitudinal research design

A

Observe some babies over extended period of time

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21
Q

Cross-sectional research design

A

Simultaneously observed groups of babies who are different ages

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22
Q

Single subject experimental design

A

1) get a baseline of babies behavior ( vocalization)
2) introduce a variable
3) see if behavior (vocalization) increases/ changes

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23
Q

Cognitive development at three months milestone

A

Visually searches for sources of sound

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24
Q

Cognitive development at six months milestone

A

Shakes toys to make noise

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25
Q

Cognitive development at 11 month milestone

A

Recognizes own name when you call

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26
Q

Cognitive development at 12 months milestone

A

Uses common objects appropriately

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27
Q

Social development one-month milestone

A

Establish eye contact with their caregiver

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28
Q

Social development three-month milestone

A

Exhibit selective social smile

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29
Q

Social development ten-month milestone

A

Gives toys on request

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30
Q

Social development twelve-month milestone

A

Exhibit emotions such as sympathy, jealousy, affection

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31
Q

Motor development two months milestone

A

Achieve visual focus

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32
Q

Motor development 3 mo milestone

A

Reaches for and grasps object

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33
Q

Motor developments five-month milestone

A

Sits up with flight support

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34
Q

Motor development seven-month milestone

A

Crawls and pulls self to stand

35
Q

By one year of age babies can?

A

Point at what they want

36
Q

Developmental milestones in infants speech for the six months

A

Marginal babbling

37
Q

Developmental milestones in infant speech 6 to 8 months

A
  • Vocal play
  • Reduplicated babbling
  • Non-reduplicated/ variegated babbling
38
Q

Characteristics of motherese

A

1) closer proximity
2) Higher pitch
3) greater pitch fluctuations
4) Slower rate
5) More and longer pauses
6) Simpler
7) . Fluent and clear
8) Smaller set of words
9) Words are concrete objects
10) . Refer to objects and events in here and now

39
Q

Reduplicated babbling

A

The syllable is duplicated in strings of repetitive syllables

/mamamama/

40
Q

Variegated babbling

A

Strings of syllables are varied. Consonants and vowels may change from one syllable to the next within the same string

/gabida/

41
Q

Illocutionary stage of development

A

1) 6 to 12 months

2) . The baby’s behavior is consciously directed towards influencing other people to act on the same object

42
Q

Protoimperative

A

Infant gestures that seem to signal that caregivers should retrieve an object that is of interest. They are requests, commands, or demands for action

43
Q

Protodeclarative

A
  • Conversational in nature

- Seem to signal the infants primary goal is to attain their caregivers attention. Objects are only a tool in doing so

44
Q

Deistic gaze

A

Occurs when infants Eye gaze becomes fixated on some object

45
Q

Social smile

A

Occurs in response to another social presence

46
Q

Types of joint attention

A
  • Joint action

- Joint reference

47
Q

What is joint action?

A

Shared activity that provides the topic of the caregivers utterances as well as providing the focus of attention

48
Q

What are the theories of child’s language development?

A

1) . Behaviorist theory
2) Social interactionist theory
3) Cognitive theory
4) . Nativist theory
5) . Information processing theory

49
Q

What are the principles espoused in the behaviorist theory?

A

1) Explains the acquisition of verbal behavior
2) Verbal behaviors are learned under appropriate conditions of stimulation, response, and reinforcement
3) . Breaks verbal behavior down in mands, tacts, , an echoics

50
Q

What are Echoics?

A

Imitative verbal responses to stimuli are the speech of another person

51
Q

What is tact?

A

Group of verbal responses that describe, comment on things around us.

  • Socially reinforced by nods, smiles of approval
52
Q

What are the clinical implications of the behaviorist theory?

A
  • SLP’s select specific target responses, Create appropriate antecedent events, and reinforce correct responses
  • Clearly establish a criterion for success
53
Q

Kaderavek (2011) states that in therapy the behaviorist theory is…

A
  • Drill and practice
  • Drill focuses on discrete, isolated aspects of behavior
  • SLP focuses on observable, measurable behavior
54
Q

What are the principals espoused in the social interactionist theory?

A
  • Language function, not structure is emphasized
  • Language develops as a result of children’s social interactions with more competent and experienced members of the child’s culture
  • Children first learn language through interpersonal interactions, then use this language to structure thought
55
Q

According to Turnbull and Justice, 2012 ( social interactionist theory)

A

All human knowledge first exist on the social plane then on the psychological plane

56
Q

Clinical implications of the social interactionist theory

A
  • SLP is increased child’s motivation to communication

- SLP’s supply verbal and nonverbal situations that encourage children to communicate to meet their needs

57
Q

What are the principles espoused in the cognitive theory?

A
  • Emphasizes cognition and mental processes. ( I.e. Memory, attention, auditory and visual perception)
  • Two forms of this theory: 1) Strong cognition hypothesis. 2). Weak cognition hypothesis
58
Q

What is Strong cognition hypothesis?

A
  • Cognitive abilities are essential prerequisites to language skills
  • Language will not develop without these cognitive abilities
59
Q

What are Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

A
  • Sensorimotor ( 0-2 years)
  • preoperational (2-7 years)
  • concrete operations (7-11 years)
  • formal operations (over 11 years old)
60
Q

Sensorimotor (birth -2 yrs)

Stage of cognitive development

A
  • Child demonstrates means- end behavior
  • Child engages in symbolic play
  • Object permeance occurs
  • Around 12 months of age first word appears
61
Q

Preoperational (2-7 years)

Stage of cognitive development

A
  • Child demonstrates concreteness of thought
  • Child is egocentric, has difficulty seeing others perspective
  • Child over extends word meanings
  • Child underextends word meanings
62
Q

Concrete operations (7-11 years)

Stage of cognitive development

A
  • Child is less egocentric, has increasing ability to see other people’s points of view
  • Child acquires conversational and classification skills
63
Q

Clinical implications of cognitive theory?

A

Must assess and treat cognitive precursors to language and facilitate development of these precursors before working on the language itself

64
Q

Formal operations (over 11 years)

Stage of cognitive development

A
  • Child has increased ability to see other points of view
  • Child can think and speak in abstract
  • Child can use verbal reasoning and “ if…then” statements
65
Q

Chompsky Introduce the concepts of?

A

1) Language competence
2) Language performance
3) Surface structure
4) Deep structure

66
Q

According to Chomsky what is the language competence?

A

Innate, child learns relatively independent of the environment

67
Q

According to Chomsky what is the surface structure?

A

The phrase or sentence you hear. The actual arrangement of words syntactic order

68
Q

What are the clinical implications of the nativist theory?

A
  • Focus heavily on syntax

- Reinforcement is on necessary

69
Q

Kaderavek, 2011 States that the nativist theory…

A
  • Doesn’t account for children’s environments or interactions with caregivers
  • Chomsky’s work was created at a theoretical level, it’s not based on listening to what children do when they learn language
70
Q

What are the principals espouse in information processing theory?

A
  • Concerned with how language is learned
  • Focuses on steps involved in processing information
  • Not about syntax and pragmatics
  • Do kids remember what they here? Are they paying attention?
  • Long and short-term memory important
71
Q

Phonological processing

A

Concerned with processes involved in a child’s ability to mentally manipulate phonological aspects of language

72
Q

Temporal auditory processing

A

Clinical implications of the information processing theory

73
Q

What are the branches of linguistics that SLP’s are most interested in?

A

Sociolinguistics and developmental linguistics

74
Q

Sociolinguistics

A

Attempts to describe language variations based on social cultural variables

75
Q

Developmental linguistics

A

Attempts to describe the nature of emerging language and children’s language acquisition

76
Q

Language stimulation activities that can be done with babies?

A

1) Talk to the baby from birth
2) . Read to the baby from an early age
3) . Introduce music
4) . Ask questions
5) Introduced two languages from birth
6) Introduce the baby two different objects and noises
7) Play turn taking games
8) Label things! Be repetitive

77
Q

Developmental milestones in infants speech

birth to four weeks

A

Vegetative sounds like burps cries

78
Q

Reflexive smile

A

Results from internal physiological stimuli primarily during sleep

79
Q

Perlocutionary Stages of development

A

1) 0-6 months
2) The caregivers interpret the babies actions and vocalizations to mean something
3) Babies contributions to interaction or basically be on their control

80
Q

Mutual gaze

A

Intensified focus on partners eyes

” eye lock”

81
Q

Gaze coupling

A

Each partner alternately look at the other, looks away, and look back

82
Q

Cognitive development

Four month milestone

A

Localizes sound sources

83
Q

Cognitive development

One month milestones

A

Demonstrates regard for caregivers face and nearby objects

84
Q

Developmental milestones in infant speech

9 to 12 months

A

Jargon

85
Q

Developmental milestones in infants speech

8 to 12 months

A

Echolalia

86
Q

Developmental milestones in infant speech

1 to 4 months

A

Cooing

Fall '12- Lang Dev exam #1 (6 decks)

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