Language Development exam #1 (chapter 5) Flashcards
Prelinguistic development of speech
Milestones 1 to 4 months:
Cooing
Prelinguistic development of speech
Milestones for birth to four weeks:
- Birth cry
- Vegetative sounds
Prelinguistic development of speech
Milestones 4 to 6 months:
Marginal babbling
Prelinguistic development of speech
Milestones 6 to 8 months
- vocal play
- Reduplicated Babbling
- Nonreduplicated babbling
Prelinguistic development of speech
Milestone 8 to 12 months
Echolalia
Prelinguistic development of speech
Milestones 9 to 12 months
Jargon
What is vegetative sounds?
Lip and tongue clicks, burps, coughs. They are associated with feeding and digesting
What is quasi-resonant nuclei (QRN)?
Sigh like sounds
What is cooing?
It is described as sound productions that are more about vowel like in nature, typically with an /u/ — /oo/ quality
What is marginal babbling?
Described as the production of a variety of vowel like sounds with occasional vocal tract closure, which together approximate simple consonant vowel (CV) Syllables, as in /ba/, Or vowel consonant (VC). Syllables, as in /ab/
What are fully resonant nuclei?
Sounds that approach consonants, infants’ vowels resonate more fully
What is vocal play?
The longer strings of syllables that expand out marginal babbling as infants continue to “play” with sound
How many phases of babbling are there?
- Marginal babbling
- Reduplicated babbling
- Non-reduplicated babbling
What is reduplicated babbling?
The syllable is duplicated in strings of repetitive syllables
/da-da-da-da/
What is non-reduplicated babbling? Or variegated babbling?
The strings of syllables are more varied. The consonants and vowels may change from one syllable to the next within the same string, as in /gabida/
What is echolalia?
Infants’ relatively immediate reproduction of speech heard in the immediate environment. (Imitation or echo)
What is jargon?
It consists of strings of syllables produced with stress and intonation that mimic real speech
What is longitudinal research design?
Observe the same infant over an extended period of time
Cross sectional research design?
Collects data simultaneously from separate groups that infants who represent the different developmental ages of interest
Single -Subject experimental design
Interest in how infant behavior might be influenced by certain factors
Prelinguistic communication
What are the three stages of prelinguistic communication
- Perlocutionary Stages
- illocutionary Stages
- Locutionary stages
Prelinguistic communication
What is Perlocutionary stage?
A phase in which communication is based primarily on caregivers interpretation infants’ behavior
Prelinguistic communication
Illocutionary stage
Intentions are signal, emerges during the second half of the first year
Prelinguistic communication
Locutionary Stage
The use of words to express intentions, to emerge around the first birthday
Mutual gaze
Intensified focus on the partner’s eyes, what some might call “Eye lock”
Gaze coupling
Alternating, almost flirtatious pattern. It takes on the character of a conversation, with each partner alternately looking at the other, looking away, and looking back
Deictic gaze
Occurs when infants eye gaze becomes fixated on some object, unintentionally “pointing” to it as an object of interest
Reflexive smiles
Are those that result from intentional physiological stimuli
Social smiles
Occur in response to another’s social presence
Examples of Motherese
Refers to speech with several characteristic features directed at infants by adults and even older children
- Utterances are produced in closer proximity when infant is attending
- Utterances are produced at a higher pitch
- Utterances are produced with greater pitch fluctuations
- Utterances are produced at a slower rate
- Utterances are produced with more and longer pauses
- Utterances are simpler in construction
- Utterances are produced more fluently and clearly
- Utterances are based on smaller, restricted set of words
- Words are frequently nouns for concrete objects
- Words generally referred to objects or events in the here and now
Indicating
When something catches infants attention, caregivers exhibit “indicating” in which they follow their infants line of sight to the object of their curiosity
Marking
In which the caregiver will move for shake the object conspicuously in their infants the field of view
Deixis
Caregivers use proximity as a way of channeling their infants’ focus
Naming
To prompt them to search for a familiar item or person before a elaborating further
Dialogue ( Turn taking)
Speech extended between at least two persons
Protoconversations
The first or earliest conversations, especially when other elements such as mutual gaze and social smiles are integrated with the interaction
Illocutionary Stage of communication
Intentionality
Means that infants behavior is consciously directed toward influencing other persons to act on some object
Illocutionary Stage of communication
Protoimperitives
Infant gestures that seemed to signal that caregivers should retrieve an object that is of interest
Illocutionary Stage of communication
Protodeclaratives
Are more “conversational “in nature, just says the term declarative would suggest. These gestures seem to signal that infants primary goal is to attain their caregivers attention
Phonetically consistent forms (PCF)
- First they appear to be “units,” in that they have distinguishable utterance boundaries.
- Second they can be recognized as reoccurring utterances.
- Third they are reliably associated with certain situations war circumstances.
- And finally although they are not recognizable as attempts at true words, their phonetic composition is relatively constant
Communicative functions
pragmatic uses of gestures and vocalizations
Literacy artifacts
Items associated with print and text, such as nursery rhymes, story characters, alphabet designs, company logos, T-shirts and sweatshirts with slogans,
Literacy event
That is of central importance to infants is joint book reading
Literacy knowledge
Gained by infants the understanding that print exists in various forms, that it accompanies pictures, and that caregivers use both to engage their attention. It is basic but important for future developments
