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Fall '12- Lang Dev exam #1 > Language Development exam #1 (chapter 5) > Flashcards

Language Development exam #1 (chapter 5) Flashcards

0
Q

Prelinguistic development of speech

Milestones 1 to 4 months:

A

Cooing

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1
Q

Prelinguistic development of speech

Milestones for birth to four weeks:

A
  • Birth cry

- Vegetative sounds

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2
Q

Prelinguistic development of speech

Milestones 4 to 6 months:

A

Marginal babbling

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3
Q

Prelinguistic development of speech

Milestones 6 to 8 months

A
  • vocal play
  • Reduplicated Babbling
  • Nonreduplicated babbling
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4
Q

Prelinguistic development of speech

Milestone 8 to 12 months

A

Echolalia

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5
Q

Prelinguistic development of speech

Milestones 9 to 12 months

A

Jargon

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6
Q

What is vegetative sounds?

A

Lip and tongue clicks, burps, coughs. They are associated with feeding and digesting

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7
Q

What is quasi-resonant nuclei (QRN)?

A

Sigh like sounds

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8
Q

What is cooing?

A

It is described as sound productions that are more about vowel like in nature, typically with an /u/ — /oo/ quality

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9
Q

What is marginal babbling?

A

Described as the production of a variety of vowel like sounds with occasional vocal tract closure, which together approximate simple consonant vowel (CV) Syllables, as in /ba/, Or vowel consonant (VC). Syllables, as in /ab/

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10
Q

What are fully resonant nuclei?

A

Sounds that approach consonants, infants’ vowels resonate more fully

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11
Q

What is vocal play?

A

The longer strings of syllables that expand out marginal babbling as infants continue to “play” with sound

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12
Q

How many phases of babbling are there?

A
  • Marginal babbling
  • Reduplicated babbling
  • Non-reduplicated babbling
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13
Q

What is reduplicated babbling?

A

The syllable is duplicated in strings of repetitive syllables

/da-da-da-da/

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14
Q

What is non-reduplicated babbling? Or variegated babbling?

A

The strings of syllables are more varied. The consonants and vowels may change from one syllable to the next within the same string, as in /gabida/

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15
Q

What is echolalia?

A

Infants’ relatively immediate reproduction of speech heard in the immediate environment. (Imitation or echo)

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16
Q

What is jargon?

A

It consists of strings of syllables produced with stress and intonation that mimic real speech

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17
Q

What is longitudinal research design?

A

Observe the same infant over an extended period of time

18
Q

Cross sectional research design?

A

Collects data simultaneously from separate groups that infants who represent the different developmental ages of interest

19
Q

Single -Subject experimental design

A

Interest in how infant behavior might be influenced by certain factors

20
Q

Prelinguistic communication

What are the three stages of prelinguistic communication

A
  • Perlocutionary Stages
  • illocutionary Stages
  • Locutionary stages
21
Q

Prelinguistic communication

What is Perlocutionary stage?

A

A phase in which communication is based primarily on caregivers interpretation infants’ behavior

22
Q

Prelinguistic communication

Illocutionary stage

A

Intentions are signal, emerges during the second half of the first year

23
Q

Prelinguistic communication

Locutionary Stage

A

The use of words to express intentions, to emerge around the first birthday

24
Q

Mutual gaze

A

Intensified focus on the partner’s eyes, what some might call “Eye lock”

25
Q

Gaze coupling

A

Alternating, almost flirtatious pattern. It takes on the character of a conversation, with each partner alternately looking at the other, looking away, and looking back

26
Q

Deictic gaze

A

Occurs when infants eye gaze becomes fixated on some object, unintentionally “pointing” to it as an object of interest

27
Q

Reflexive smiles

A

Are those that result from intentional physiological stimuli

28
Q

Social smiles

A

Occur in response to another’s social presence

29
Q

Examples of Motherese

A

Refers to speech with several characteristic features directed at infants by adults and even older children

  • Utterances are produced in closer proximity when infant is attending
  • Utterances are produced at a higher pitch
  • Utterances are produced with greater pitch fluctuations
  • Utterances are produced at a slower rate
  • Utterances are produced with more and longer pauses
  • Utterances are simpler in construction
  • Utterances are produced more fluently and clearly
  • Utterances are based on smaller, restricted set of words
  • Words are frequently nouns for concrete objects
  • Words generally referred to objects or events in the here and now
30
Q

Indicating

A

When something catches infants attention, caregivers exhibit “indicating” in which they follow their infants line of sight to the object of their curiosity

31
Q

Marking

A

In which the caregiver will move for shake the object conspicuously in their infants the field of view

32
Q

Deixis

A

Caregivers use proximity as a way of channeling their infants’ focus

33
Q

Naming

A

To prompt them to search for a familiar item or person before a elaborating further

34
Q

Dialogue ( Turn taking)

A

Speech extended between at least two persons

35
Q

Protoconversations

A

The first or earliest conversations, especially when other elements such as mutual gaze and social smiles are integrated with the interaction

36
Q

Illocutionary Stage of communication

Intentionality

A

Means that infants behavior is consciously directed toward influencing other persons to act on some object

37
Q

Illocutionary Stage of communication

Protoimperitives

A

Infant gestures that seemed to signal that caregivers should retrieve an object that is of interest

38
Q

Illocutionary Stage of communication

Protodeclaratives

A

Are more “conversational “in nature, just says the term declarative would suggest. These gestures seem to signal that infants primary goal is to attain their caregivers attention

39
Q

Phonetically consistent forms (PCF)

A
  • First they appear to be “units,” in that they have distinguishable utterance boundaries.
  • Second they can be recognized as reoccurring utterances.
  • Third they are reliably associated with certain situations war circumstances.
  • And finally although they are not recognizable as attempts at true words, their phonetic composition is relatively constant
40
Q

Communicative functions

A

pragmatic uses of gestures and vocalizations

41
Q

Literacy artifacts

A

Items associated with print and text, such as nursery rhymes, story characters, alphabet designs, company logos, T-shirts and sweatshirts with slogans,

42
Q

Literacy event

A

That is of central importance to infants is joint book reading

43
Q

Literacy knowledge

A

Gained by infants the understanding that print exists in various forms, that it accompanies pictures, and that caregivers use both to engage their attention. It is basic but important for future developments

Fall '12- Lang Dev exam #1 (6 decks)

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