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2 developmental > Language development > Flashcards

Language development Flashcards

1
Q

define communication

A

The transmission of information between the source and a receiver using a signalling system

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2
Q

define language

A

The comprehension and use of words and sentences to convey ideas and information, which can be spoken, written or signed

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3
Q

is language uniquely human

A

Debated- animals e.g. apes often able to understand symbols to represent words

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4
Q

what are the components of language that are unique to humans

A

phonology
syntax
semantics
pragmatics

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5
Q

define phonology

A

the interpretation of speech sounds in a particular language

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6
Q

define syntax

A

the structure of sentences

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7
Q

define semantics

A

concerned with meaning

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8
Q

define pragmatics

A

appropriate and effective communication

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9
Q

define phoneme

A

A phoneme is the smallest unit that, when changed, changes the meaning of a word

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10
Q

define phonetics

A

the production and perception of speech sounds in any language, concerned with the acoustics and articulation of those sounds

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11
Q

define phone

A

a speech sound

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12
Q

what is the IPA

A

the major as well as the oldest representative organisation for phoneticians

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13
Q

what is a word

A

An arbitrary signal that refers to a particular concept

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14
Q

what is form

A

the sound of the words

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15
Q

what is semantics often concerned with

A

context of words

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16
Q

what is morphology

A

structure of a given language’s morphemes

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17
Q

what is a morpheme

A

smallest unit of linguistic meaning or function

18
Q

what is whole object constraint

A

Words refer to whole object rather than parts of object

19
Q

what is shape bias

A

Generalise to other objects that are the same shape, rather than other attributes

20
Q

What is Gleitman’s syntactic boot-strapping hypothesis

A

Extract meanings of new words from syntactic clues

21
Q

what are the three key aspects of pragmatics

A

Using language for different purposes
Changing language according to the needs of a listener or situation
Following rules for conversations and storytelling

22
Q

when does language comprehension begin

A

6 months

23
Q

what can children 4+ years understand

A

jokes, riddles and double meaning

24
Q

when is the first word usually produced

A

10-12 months

25
Q

when is the one-word stage

A

12-18 months

26
Q

how many words is typical for an 18month old

A

50

27
Q

what occurs during 18-22 months

A

vocab spurt - 50-300 words in a few months

28
Q

what occurs during 2-6 years

A

vocab continues to increase

29
Q

what occurs during 18-24 months of syntactical development

A

Move from word-gesture combinations to word-word combinations

30
Q

what is telegraphic speech

A

only elements needed to convey message

31
Q

what happens during 24+ months of grammar development

A

longer utterances & increasing grammar, 3-word sentences: subject-verb-object

32
Q

what occurs at 4 years of grammar development

A

increasing complex grammar - adding plural and past tense

33
Q

what is overregulisation

A

applying regular rules to irregular words

34
Q

ages 4/5 - listening and understanding

A

understand 2 to 3 part spoken instructions

35
Q

ages 5/7 - listening and understanding

A

is aware when a message is unclear and can ask for explanation

36
Q

ages 7/9 listening and understanding

A

identifies clearly when they have not understood

37
Q

ages 9/11 listening and understanding

A

follows longer instructions that are not familiar

38
Q

what does SLCN stand for

A

speech language and communication needs

39
Q

what does DLD stand for

A

developmental language disorders

40
Q

what can language disorders impact

A

educational attainment
social relationships
emotional well being
mental health

41
Q

how have DLDs affected educational attainment

A

Reading accuracy in individuals with DLD/ SLI develops in parallel to TD children.
but overall ability is consistently lower

42
Q
A

2 developmental (10 decks)

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