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2 developmental > Beyond childhood > Flashcards

Beyond childhood Flashcards

1
Q

what are physical changes of puberty

A

sexual maturity
growth spurt

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2
Q

what happens to brain development during puberty

A

Increase white matter, decrease grey matter
Greater plasticity in the brain (more sensitive to input)

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3
Q

when is early adolescence

A

11-14 years

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4
Q

when is middle adolescence

A

15-17 years

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5
Q

when is late adolescence

A

18+ years

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6
Q

what does the storm and stress model include

A

conflict with parents
mood disruption

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7
Q

Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development

A

Different “conflict” at each stage which must be resolved successfully

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8
Q

what did Erikson suggest is a key part of adolescence

A

identity crisis

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9
Q

who developed an interview technique to assess identity crisis stages

A

Marcia (1966)

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10
Q

what are the 4 identity statuses found by Marcia

A

diffusion
foreclosure
moratorium
achievement of identity

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11
Q

what is diffusion

A

haven’t started thinking about it seriously (no identity crisis or commitment)

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12
Q

what is foreclosure

A

formed commitment without having explored possibilities

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13
Q

what is moratorium

A

still considering alternatives

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14
Q

what is achievement of identity

A

been through crisis and reached a solution

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15
Q

why is adolescence often viewed as a period of turbulence

A

Conflict with parents, risky behaviour, mood disruptions

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16
Q

why is a more modified view of adolescence necessary

A

Not experienced by all adolescents
Over-exaggerated

17
Q

when does conflict intensity peak

A

middle adolescence

18
Q

evidence of conflict not being as high as expected

A

Only 1/6 of parents and 1/3 of adolescents reported conflicts (Rutter et al., 1976)
often concern mundane matters

19
Q

evidence of mood disruption

A

Adolescents report more mood disruptions than children or adults

Some longitudinal studies report negative affect (Buchanan et al. 1992)

20
Q

what type of cultures may lead to more conflict

A

Cultural trends favouring individualism may lead to more conflict

21
Q

summary of young adulthood

A

Acquisition & utilization of knowledge at peak
Achieve maturity
Erikson’s conflict: intimacy vs. isolation

22
Q

young adulthood ages

A

20-40

23
Q

summary of middle adulthood

A

Some decline, but also intellectual stability
Peak of career achievement
Erikson’s conflict: generativity vs. stagnation

24
Q

middle adulthood ages

A

40-64 years

25
Q

late adulthood summary

A

Memory and other abilities decline; some might remain stable
Erikson’s conflict: integrity vs. despair

26
Q

late adulthood ages

A

64 years

27
Q

what are Piaget’s formal operations

A

logic, inferential reasoning, planning, ability to think about abstract concepts, hypothetical situations

28
Q

criticisms of Piaget’s formal operations

A

limited to straightforward situations, not complexities & vagaries of real-life situations

29
Q

3 themes of postformal thinking

A

Realization of “realitivistic” nature of knowledge
Acceptance of contradiction
Integration of contradiction into a whole concept

30
Q

what cognitive gains occur from adolescence to adulthood

A

information processing
social cognition

31
Q

what cognitive changes occur between young and middle adulthood

A

general stability with some decreases

31
Q

where has there been evidence of increase in cognitive ability young to middle adulthood

A

inductive reasoning, vocabulary, verbal memory, & spatial orientation peak from 40-60yrs

32
Q

what occurs during middle to late adulthood

A

General decline in cognitive ability
largest difference in perceptual speed

33
Q

what did Schaie et al find

A

Decline in ages 60-67 in all tested areas except verbal recall

34
Q

what is terminal decline

A

Cognitive functioning often lower several years prior to death

35
Q

example of ability that remains in tact over lifetime

A

analytical reasoning

36
Q

what affects cognitive decline

A

Relationship between physical health and cognitive ability
type of job
genetic influences

2 developmental (10 decks)

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