Language Aquisition Flashcards
What are the names of the two procedures used to get from print to speech?
1) lexical route
2) non lexical route
What is reading? (Cognitive definition)
Information processing
Print - speech
Print - meaning
What is the lexical route? How does it work?
It looks up words in long term memory
Only works with known words
What is the non-lexical route? How does it work?
Uses rules relating segments of how it is written to how it sounds
Does the non-lexical route work with regular and irregular words?
No. It only works with regular words
E.g. Cave not have
What are the two models used to account for reading?
Dual route cascading model
Triangle model
Draw a diagram of the dual route cascaded model
Print > Visual feature units > Letter units
Orthographic input > phonological output (or semantic system)
Or the other way= grapheme- phoneme
Both = phoneme system > speech
What has the DRC model found out about human readers?
Frequent words are read faster than non frequent words
Regular words are read faster than non regular words
Words are read faster than non words
Words with larger orthographic neighbourhood = read faster aloud
What part of the model applies for irregular words?
Orthographic in out > phonological output (or going to the semantic system)
For words such as ‘have’
What part of the DRC model is used for regular words?
Print > visual feature units > letter units >
Grapheme- phoneme rule system >
Phoneme system > speech
Draw the triangle model
(Semantic)
(. ). (. )
(. )
(Orthography). (Phonology)
Explain the triangle model
Each section is made up by a pattern of activity distributed over units words must be consistent
If inconsistent then they are read using the semantic knowledge
What brain area is involved in visual word formation?
Ventral occipito- temporal cortex
This is the gate to the reading system
When is the ventral occipito- temp dial cortex activated?
By letter strings
What are the spatiotemporal dynamics of word processing in the human cortex?
During reading = activation in both occipital poles
170ms: left occipital temporal lobe
230ms: both
300ms: prefrontal and other temporal regions
Draw the graph shown in Taylor et al. (2012) and explain
1) words= harder to process are more demanding and need more engaging
Hard words = less frequent words
Describe Monsieur C. And what his ability was
He had a stoke
Couldn’t read
But could spell and speak
Was said to be due to disconnection between primary visual area and another area dealing with letters and words
What are the two classifications of acquired dyslexia
Central and peripheral
What is peripheral dyslexia
Visual word forms fail to be achieved
What is central dyslexia
Impairment is after the stage of visual words forms
What is pure alexia
When words reading is impossible
What categories fall under peripheral dyslexia
Pure alexia
Attentional dyslexia
Neglect dyslexia
What categories fall under central dyslexias
Phonological dyslexia
Deep dyslexia
Semantic dyslexia
Surface dyslexia
What area is damaged or disconnected in pure alexia
Visual word form area
If damage in visual word form area how do pure alexics read
Straight to phoneme system- letter by letter
If dissconection if visual word form how do pure alexics read
Straight to visual word form using letter by letter identification
What is attentional dyslexia
Associated with left parietal lesions
Difficult to identify letters or words when flanked by others items of the same category
What is neglect dyslexia
Failure to identify the initial or final letter of a word or a group of words resulting in omissions, substitutions or additions
Phenological dyslexia
Impaired ability to read new or made up words
Lesion of temporal lobe of dominant hemisphere
Reading of words is perfect
