Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC112 > Language and Thought L1 > Flashcards

Language and Thought L1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a phoneme?

A

Single unit of sound that changes meaning (e.g. dog to log)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do all languages have the same phonemes?

A

No, each has its own unique set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do phonemes combine to create?

A

Morphemes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are morphemes?

A

The smallest language unit which carries meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two categories of morphemes?

A
  • unbound/free =words

- bound= Affixes, suffixes (inflections)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many morphemes does the word dishonest contain and of what type?

A

2, honest=unbound, dis=bound as meaning is only realized when attached to a word (acts as prefix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is second way to class morphemes?

A

content or function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are content morphemes?

A
  • Semantic processing relies on processing content words (carry meaning)
  • They map into concepts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is the number of content morphemes fixed?

A

No, as new ideas/concepts emerge need new content morphemes to talk about them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are function morphemes?

A
  • Syntactic processing relies on processing function words (have grammatical function)
  • link content words
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is the number of function morphemes fixed?

A

Yes, they are known as a closed class as can’t add to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some examples of function morphemes?

A

of, in, to, ed (past tense), s (plural, possessive, third person singular) the last two are bound morphemes that have a function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What classes of words are usually content words?

A
  • noun
  • verbs
  • adjectives
  • adverbs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What classes of words are usually function words?

A
  • pronouns
  • prepositions
  • conjunctives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is brocca’s aphasia? What are the characteristics?

A
  • mainly a speech production issue (appears to understand well)
  • stilted speech, laborious, using mainly content words, missing function words to link into sentences that make sense in terms of syntax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the language relevant area of the brain?

A

In right handed people is in the left hemisphere, mostly lower edge of frontal lobe and upper edge of temporal lobe

17
Q

Where is brocca’s area?

A

located near areas that control speech muscles (so brocca’s aphasia limits production)

18
Q

What is syntax?

A
  • Refers to the structure of language (phrases and sentences)
  • Learn implicitly
19
Q

What are the two things syntax is cued by?

A
  • word order

- word class

20
Q

What is the standard word order in English? Is this the same in other languages?

A
  • subject-verb-object (SVO)

- different languages have different word orders

21
Q

What does word order help us identify?

A

Word class

22
Q

What is aphasia?

A

The inability to produce and understand language

23
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Sentences are fluent and syntax/grammar is intact but semantics (meaning) is lost due to inability to map what they are hearing to meaning

24
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area?

A
  • left temporal lobe

- next to the primary audition cortex which translates sounds into meaning

25
Q

What does syntax cue?

A

Meaning

26
Q

What is a proposition?

A

Statement that expresses an idea

27
Q

What is the difference between the surface and deep structure of language?

A
  • Surface= organization of words at surface level (what you are hearing)
  • deep= meaning of sentence
28
Q

Who was famous for coming up with the idea of deep versus surface language?

A

Noam Chomsky

29
Q

What does this mean?

:one deep structure but two surface structures

A

Words in two sentences are organized differently but the underlying meaning is the same

30
Q

What does this mean?

:a single surface structure can have two very different deep structures

A

Words are organized the same but the meaning of the sentence is ambiguous
e.g. I saw a zebra flying over Africa (were you doing the flying or was the zebra?)

31
Q

Put in order in terms of how language is constructed:

  • Phrase
  • Phoneme
  • Word
  • Sentence
  • Morpheme
A
  • Sentence
  • Phrase
  • Word
  • Morpheme
  • Phoneme

PSYC112 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions