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PSYC112 > Abnormal Psychology L7 > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology L7 Flashcards

1
Q

Why are childhood disorders difficult to define?

A
  1. Children are more likely to act out rather then seek help
  2. A certain degree of deviance and irrational behavior is normal
  3. Some psychological disorders in children cause little/no conscious distress
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2
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for Intellectual Disability?

A

Present from birth onwards (no cure)
Both:
2 standard deviations (or more) below mean on iq distribution (below 70)
Significant impairment in functioning

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3
Q

What are the three types of Intellectual Disability?

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe
Profound

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4
Q

What causes Intellectual Disability?

A

Genetic abnormalities (ie down-syndrome)
Metabolic abnormalities affecting brain development(ie PKU)
Prenatal and Postnatal Complications (ie fetal alcohol syndrome)

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5
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A

. Deficits in social communication
. Restricted, repetitive behavior patterns
. Most importantly, exists as a spectrum.

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6
Q

Autism is ________ in nature

A

heterogeneous (spectrum)

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7
Q

What does “deficits of social communication” entail?

A
  • nonverbal behaviors
  • development of peer relations
  • social and emotional reciprocity
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8
Q

What does ““restricted, repetitive behavior patterns” entail?

A
  • stereotypic, repetitive speech
  • excessive adherence to routines and rituals
  • very restricted interests with abnormal focus
  • hyper or hypo reactivity to sensory input
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9
Q

How many people does ASD affect?

A

less than 1% of the population

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10
Q

When are the symptoms of ASD typically recognized?

A

2nd year of life.

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11
Q

ASD is ___ times as common in boys as girls.

A

4

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12
Q

What causes ASD?

A

Genetics (high heritability)
Brain abnormalities
- cerebellum, limbic system, amygdala, white matter
Prenatal and birthing factors

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13
Q

ASD is caused mostly by…

A

Biological factors.

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14
Q

How do we treat ASD?

A
  • modelling and operant training
  • communication training
  • training parents to manage ASD
  • community integration
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15
Q

What are Externalizing Disorders defined by?

A

Maladaptive behaviors

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16
Q

What are the three most common Externalizing Disorders?

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Conduct Disorder

17
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria of ADHD?

A

Inattention (persistent across contacts and beyond what is expected of normal development)
Hyperactivity/Impulsivity

18
Q

What causes ADHD?

A 
Genetic influence (50-75% heritability rate)
Brain abnormalities (underactivity in prefrontal cortex)
Neurotransmitter abnormalities (dopamine)
19
Q

ADHD is very clearly a…

A

neurodevelopmental disorder (brain disorder)

20
Q

How do you treat ADHD?

A 
Biological medication 
. Stimulants - Ritalin (activates the prefrontal cortex)
. Non-stimulants - Straterra
Psychological 
. Behavior therapy
21
Q

Describe Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

A 
. Early onset
. Argumentative
. Temper tantrums
. Authority problems
. Refusal to comply with rules
. Anger and resentment
. Blame externalization
22
Q

Describe Conduct Disorder

A
  • More severe version of ODD
  • Aggression directed to everyone and everything (animals)
  • Physically aggressive
  • Deceitfulness and theft
  • Arson
    Childhood onset before 10
    Adolescent onset after 10.
23
Q

A certain amount of those diagnosed with Conduct Disorder meet the criteria for…

A

Limited Prosocial Emotions

24
Q

Describe “Limited Prosocial Emotions”

A
  1. Lack of remorse or guilt
  2. Callous lack of empathy
  3. Unconcerned about performance
  4. Shallow or deficient affect
25
Q

What causes ODD and CD

A
  • Genetic factors
  • Familial risk factors (domestic violence)
  • Sociocultural risk factors (poverty)
  • Peer groups and past antisocial behavior is the best predictor of conduct disorder
26
Q

How do we treat ODD and CD

A
  • Family focused (training parents, fixing broken families)
  • Child focused (behavior modification)
  • Prevention focused (intervening with at-risk children)

PSYC112 (38 decks)

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