language Flashcards
________ is a systematic means of communicating information by the use of conventionalized sounds, gestures, marks, or signals having understood meanings
language
What is the function of human language?
to influence people’s behaviour by changing what they know, thinkg, believe, or desire.
What is the problem with language?
How to efficiently and expressively communicate information
What is the importance of language?
It is the basis for society and allows us to interact with each other in a way that goes beyond our immediate surroundings
The power of language lies in the seemingly conflicting needs for it to be _________ and yet ____________.
shared between people
capable of expressing novel ideas.
_______ are the smallest unit of percieved speech
Phoenemes
there are ___ - ___ phonemes per langues, _____ in english
10-150
44
________ are the smallests units that signals meaning
morphemes
______ are combinations of _______
morphemes
phonemes
______ are the smallest stand-alone units of meaning
words
_____ include prefixes, suffixes, roots, or entire words.
morphemes
_____ are combinations of one or more ______
words
morphemes
_____ are organized grouping of one or more words
phrases
_____ are sets of words/phrases that (n principle) tell a complete thought
sentences
______ believed that we combine words in novel ways to express novel ideas
Noam Chomsky
________ refers to rules for language structure, including morphology; rules for combining morphemes into words, and syntax; rules for combining words into phrases into sentences
Grammar
_______ refers to how meaning is derived from morphemes, words, phrases, and sentences
semantics
________ refers to how each word is assigned a role
phrase structure
_________ rules specify what orders and combinations each word’s role can occur in
generative grammar
________ refers to phrase structure that applies to the order in which words are actually spoken in.
surface structure
_______ refers to fundamentally, underlying phrase structure that conveys meaning
deep structure
________ refers to rules that transform among surface structure having some deep structure
transformational grammar
______refers to examples of language with multiple interpretations
ambiguity
like illusions for perception, ______ can provide insight into cognitive processing of language
ambiguity
______ refers to when the same words can be grouped together into more than one phrase
syntactic ambiguity
what are phones?
actual sounds
what are phonemes?
perceived sounds
In categorical speech perception, _________ are heard as same _______
multiple phones
phonemes
the _____________ refers to categorical speech perception in 6 month old infants
perceptual magnet effect
what are the challenges in lerning words?
- detecting words in stream of speech
- figuring out rules for combining morphemes to make words
- figuring out what words mean
