lab 3 - chapters 4,5,6 Flashcards
_______ are experiences resulting from stimulation of the senses
perception
_______ refers to the set of processes by which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensations we receive from environmental stimuli
perception
what we sense (in our sensory organs) is _________ as what we perceive (in our minds)
not the same
we sense with our ______ and perceive in our _____
sensory organs
minds
the problem with ______ is understanding what is going on outside of the _____
perception
brain
perception is necessary in order to ____________
know how to act to achieve goals
the challenge with perception, known as __________, is knowing how to determine the distal stimulus from the proximal stimulus
the inverse problem
the _____ stimulus refers to what is out in the world, whereas the _____ stimulus refers to what we sense
distal
proximal
______ refer to information learned on a timescale of evolution
genes
_______ is a source of information that is learned on a timescale of a human life
past experience
the ________ refers to a source of information learned on a timescale of current episode
internal state
________ are specialized cells to transduce (convert) external phenomena (light, sound, pressure, etc…) into neural signals
sensory receptors
the _______ is the way from the sensory recepetors via thalamic nuclei to the cerebral cortex
neural pathway
the __________ refers to an an attempt to construct useful representation of distal stimulus
hierarchy of cortical areas
the _______systems are responsible for transducing the proximal stimulus into the neural stimulus
sensory
- study how eye processes light with visual system*
study how ear processes sound with auditory system
_____ is created by changes in air pressure
sound
the ______ converts changes in air pressure into mechanical vibrations
tympanum (ear drum)
vibrations travel through ________ to the oval window of the cochlea
ossicles (bones of the middle ear)
the hair cells in _____ detect vibrations
cochlea
location of maximal excitation along the basilar membrane depends on sound __________
frequency
________ detects pressure, vibration and distortion in the somatosensory system
mechanoreception
_______ detects temperature (hot and cold) in the somatosensory system
thermoreception
_______ detects harmful chemical, mechanical, or thermal stimuli in the somatosensory system
Nocioception
______ detects mechanical forced on muscles, tendons and joints in the somatosensory system
Proprioception
the proximal stimulus is represented on a ______ scale, not an ______ scale
relative
absolute
the influence of context on _______ begins very early in ______ pathways
perception
sensory
the ___________ is the smallest detectable change in a stimulus
just noticeable difference (JND)
the JND is proportional to the _______ of the stimulus
magnitude
________ neurons have larger receptive fields
higher-order
_______ neurons respond to more complex sensory stimuli
higher order
perceptual resolution and _______ are inversely related to sensory receptive field size
acuity
