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PSYCH 251 > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

perception is a ____

A

construct

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2
Q

the _______ is to determine what is actually out in the world from the stimulus representation in our mind/brain

A

inverse problem

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3
Q

_____ is NOT reality

A

perception

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4
Q

_________ refers to analyzing or describing complex phenomenon by simpler, more fundamental processes

A

reductionism

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5
Q

true or false?

describing something devalues other explanations

A

false

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6
Q

the scientific method consists of ________ , __________ & ____________.

A

precision
operationalization
observation

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7
Q

cognitive neuroscience bridges the gap between ______ and ________

A

structure and function

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8
Q

a ________ is a specialized cell in the the nervous system

A

neuron

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9
Q

how would you define the structure of a neuron?

A

the neuron is an anatomical unit

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10
Q

“the neuron is a metabolic unit” is a ______ definition

A

trophic

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11
Q

how would you describe the developmental/ Timing of

cellular processes of a neuron?

A

the neuron is an embryological unit

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12
Q

the law of dynamic polarization is a _____________

A

defined activity

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13
Q

what are the 4 structural divisions of a neuron?

A

soma
dendrites
axon
terminal boutons

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14
Q

what are the 5 functional divisions of a neuron?

A

1) Input (dendrites)
2) Metabolic (nucleus)
3) integration (axon hillock)
4) Conduction (axon)
5) Output (terminal
boutons)

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15
Q

the __________ is responsible for transmission

A

ogliodendrocyte (schwann)

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16
Q

the _________ is responsible for maintaining nutrition and repair

A

astrocyte

17
Q

the ________ is responsible for immunity

A

microglia

18
Q

the _______ is responsible for CFS barrier / exchange

A

ependymal cells

19
Q

_______ are responsible for input and ________ are responsible for output

A

dendrites

boutons

20
Q

the presynaptic cell in the neurotransmitter __________, __________ and ____________, but differentiates from a ________

A

produces, stores and releases

drug

21
Q

the postsynaptic cells in the neurotransmitter has receptors for __________ but differentiates from a _________

A

chemicals

metabolite

22
Q

________ affects transmissions, but differentiates from a _______

A

blocking

toxin/nutrient

23
Q

_____ activation changes receptors but differentiates from a _______

A

artificial

drug

24
Q

________ protein binding occurs fast and directly

A

ionotropic

25
Q

______- protein binding occurs slowly and indirectly

A

metabotropic

26
Q

during _________, molecules will move so as to be distribute equally

A

diffusion

27
Q

the ______________ refers to how much of a molecule in one place

A

concentration gradient

28
Q

Polarity/charge is determined by _________

A

electrons

29
Q

Ion Pump requires energy in the form of _____ to move against the electric potential

A

ATP

30
Q

___________ is when a neuron becomes more

negative

A

hyperpolarization

31
Q

_________ is when a neuron becomes more

positive

A

depolarization

32
Q

depolarization happens in the _____________

A

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

33
Q

hyperpolarization happens in the ______________

A

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)

34
Q

what problems occur during depolarization and what is the solution/

A

Problem: cells that reach “0” are dead cells!!

Solution: Rapid change

35
Q

_________ refers to an integration of presynaptic responses

A

summation

36
Q

_______ Summation is when several neurons fire together

A

Spatial

37
Q

what are the stages of signalling action potential

A
  1. Resting
  2. Threshold: voltage gated Na+ channels (VGC)
    open (Na+ influx)
  3. Depolarization: more Na+ VGC channels open (Na+
    influx)
  4. Repolarization: K+ VGC open (K+ exit)
    4.5 Absolute Refractory Period: NA+ VGC close,
    K+ VGC still open
    ➢Note: this is why the Action potential goes in one direction
    4.5 Hyperpolarization: K+ VGC closes
  5. Relative Refractory Period

PSYCH 251 (16 decks)

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