chapter 1 Flashcards
perception is a ____
construct
the _______ is to determine what is actually out in the world from the stimulus representation in our mind/brain
inverse problem
_____ is NOT reality
perception
_________ refers to analyzing or describing complex phenomenon by simpler, more fundamental processes
reductionism
true or false?
describing something devalues other explanations
false
the scientific method consists of ________ , __________ & ____________.
precision
operationalization
observation
cognitive neuroscience bridges the gap between ______ and ________
structure and function
a ________ is a specialized cell in the the nervous system
neuron
how would you define the structure of a neuron?
the neuron is an anatomical unit
“the neuron is a metabolic unit” is a ______ definition
trophic
how would you describe the developmental/ Timing of
cellular processes of a neuron?
the neuron is an embryological unit
the law of dynamic polarization is a _____________
defined activity
what are the 4 structural divisions of a neuron?
soma
dendrites
axon
terminal boutons
what are the 5 functional divisions of a neuron?
1) Input (dendrites)
2) Metabolic (nucleus)
3) integration (axon hillock)
4) Conduction (axon)
5) Output (terminal
boutons)
the __________ is responsible for transmission
ogliodendrocyte (schwann)
the _________ is responsible for maintaining nutrition and repair
astrocyte
the ________ is responsible for immunity
microglia
the _______ is responsible for CFS barrier / exchange
ependymal cells
_______ are responsible for input and ________ are responsible for output
dendrites
boutons
the presynaptic cell in the neurotransmitter __________, __________ and ____________, but differentiates from a ________
produces, stores and releases
drug
the postsynaptic cells in the neurotransmitter has receptors for __________ but differentiates from a _________
chemicals
metabolite
________ affects transmissions, but differentiates from a _______
blocking
toxin/nutrient
_____ activation changes receptors but differentiates from a _______
artificial
drug
________ protein binding occurs fast and directly
ionotropic
______- protein binding occurs slowly and indirectly
metabotropic
during _________, molecules will move so as to be distribute equally
diffusion
the ______________ refers to how much of a molecule in one place
concentration gradient
Polarity/charge is determined by _________
electrons
Ion Pump requires energy in the form of _____ to move against the electric potential
ATP
___________ is when a neuron becomes more
negative
hyperpolarization
_________ is when a neuron becomes more
positive
depolarization
depolarization happens in the _____________
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)
hyperpolarization happens in the ______________
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)
what problems occur during depolarization and what is the solution/
Problem: cells that reach “0” are dead cells!!
Solution: Rapid change
_________ refers to an integration of presynaptic responses
summation
_______ Summation is when several neurons fire together
Spatial
what are the stages of signalling action potential
- Resting
- Threshold: voltage gated Na+ channels (VGC)
open (Na+ influx) - Depolarization: more Na+ VGC channels open (Na+
influx) - Repolarization: K+ VGC open (K+ exit)
4.5 Absolute Refractory Period: NA+ VGC close,
K+ VGC still open
➢Note: this is why the Action potential goes in one direction
4.5 Hyperpolarization: K+ VGC closes - Relative Refractory Period
