Language

Question 1

What is communication?

Answer 1

The transmission of information between individuals

Question 2

What is language?

Answer 2

A system for representing and communicating information that uses words combined according to grammatical rules
Unique to humans

Question 3

What is speech?

Answer 3

An audible form of communication built on the sounds humans produce

Question 4

What is aphasia?

Answer 4

Partial or complete loss of the ability to comprehend and/or produce language as a means of communicating meaningful statements

Question 5

What is a Wada test?

Answer 5

It is used to determine hemisphere dominant for speech (left)
By injecting short-acting anaesthetic into the carotid artery

Question 6

Which hemisphere is usually the language area found?

Answer 6

Left hemisphere

Question 7

What is Broca’s area?

Answer 7

It is for speech production

Question 8

What is Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 8

Person has difficulty speaking even though he can understand language heard or read
Good comprehension
Speech is telegraphic in style

Question 9

What is telegraphic speech?

Answer 9

Spontaneously speaking, very effortful

Question 10

What is speech apraxia?

Answer 10

Difficulty with motor coordination of speech

Question 11

What is agrammatic aphasia?

Answer 11

Comprehension deficits related to syntax

Question 12

What is Wernicke’s area?

Answer 12

It is for comprehension & semantics

Question 13

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 13

Speech is fluent
Person has no difficulty speaking but can not understand language heard or read
Poor comprehension
Speech content doesn’t make sense

Question 14

What is the process of the Wernicke-Geschwind model for language processing when repeating a spoken word?

Answer 14

Spoken word gets to ear> sends information to the auditory cortex> projects to Wernicke’s area, which processes sounds>arcuate fasciculus (axons that project to Broca’s area)> Broca’s area (speech production)> Motor cortex> motor muscles move

Question 15

What is the process of the Wernicke-Geschwind model for language processing when reading a written word aloud?

Answer 15

Visual signals from the eye> sends information to the primary visual cortex, V1> projects to angular gyrus (transforms the visual signal to the same pattern of activity to Wernicke’s area as if words were spoken)> projects to Wernicke’s area>arcuate fasciculus (axons that project to Broca’s area)> Broca’s area (speech production)> Motor cortex> motor muscles move

Question 16

What is conduction aphasia?

Answer 16

It is a lesion in path from Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area (usually arcuate fasciculus)
Comprehension is good, and speech is fluent
Difficulty in repeating words and phrases that are heard or read

Question 17

What are the limitations of Wernicke-Geschwind model for language processing?

Answer 17

Words rad can don’t have to go through Wernicke’s area
Most aphasias involve both comprehension and speech deficits
Simplified and has some errors

Question 18

What are split-brain patients?

Answer 18

When you cut the corpus callosum on a patient, which connects the two hemispheres of the brain meaning no communication between the hemispheres